•Underwater superoleophobic cotton fabric was prepared by a mussel-inspired method.•The underwater superoleophobic cotton fabric is efficient in oil/water separation.•The underwater superoleophobic ...cotton fabric exhibited outstanding mechanical resistance.•The underwater superoleophobic cotton fabric showed excellent chemical resistance.
Superhydrophilic and underwater superoleophobic textiles exhibit excellent oil/water separation performance but are limited by the poor stability and environmental incompatibility. Inspired by strong adhesion of marine mussels, we designed and fabricated a stable and eco-friendly superhydrophilic and underwater superoleophobic cotton fabric (CF) from all renewable resources through in-situ surface deposition of polydopamine (PDA) particles followed by adsorption of hydrophilic chitosan via dip coating at room temperature. The as-prepared superhydrophilic and underwater superoleophobic CF exhibited outstanding oil/water separation performance with separation efficiency and water flux higher than 99 % and 15,000 L m−2 h-1, respectively. Moreover, it not only showed excellent resistance to mechanical abrasion and ultrasound treatment but also had outstanding superwetting stability against acid/alkali/salt erosion. We believed that the eco-friendly superhydrophilic and underwater superoleophobic CF would exhibit great potential in oil/water separation especially under harsh conditions.
Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) is regarded as one of the most promising biobased and biodegradable polymers due its various advantages including high mechanical strength, easy processability, high melting ...temperature, renewability, biodegradability, and biocompatibility. However, the inherent brittleness significantly restricts its wide application. Therefore, toughening PLA has attracted more and more attention and various materials have been used to blend with PLA for toughening. Considering the fact that the use of petroleum-based species to toughen PLA would partially sacrifice the sustainability, various renewable polymers have recently been employed to toughen PLA. A series of important achievements have been obtained but not reviewed. This article aims to review progress in toughening PLA with renewable polymers. The toughening theories and compatibilization strategies are also briefly introduced.
Encapsulating metal‐based catalysts inside carbon sheaths is a frequently‐adopted strategy to enhance their durability under various harsh situations and improve their catalytic activity ...simultaneously. Such carbon encapsulation, however, imposes significant complications for directly modifying materials’ surface atomic/electronic configurations, fundamentally impeding the accurate tuning of their catalytic capabilities. Herein, a universal single‐atom alloy (SAA) strategy is reported to indirectly yet precisely manipulate the surface electronic structure of carbon‐encapsulated electrocatalysts. By versatilely constructing a SAA core inside an N‐doped carbon sheath, material's electrocatalytic capability can be flexibly tuned. The one with Ru‐SAA cores serves as an excellent bifunctional electrocatalyst for oxygen/hydrogen evolution, exhibiting minimal cell voltage of 1.55 V (10 mA cm−2) and outstanding mass activity of 1251 mA mgRu−1${\rm{g}}_{{\rm{Ru}}}^{ - 1}$ for overall water splitting, while the one with Ir‐SAA cores possesses superior oxygen reduction activity with a half‐wave potential of 919 mV. Density functional theory calculations reveal that the doped atoms can simultaneously optimize the adsorption of protons (H*) and oxygenated intermediates (OH*, O*, and OOH*) to achieve the remarkable thermoneutral hydrogen evolution and enhanced oxygen evolution. This work thus demonstrates a versatile strategy to precisely modify the surface electronic properties of carbon‐shielded materials for optimized performances.
A universal single‐atom alloy strategy is proposed to precisely manipulate the surface electronic structure of carbon‐encapsulated electrocatalysts, thus simultaneously achieving the catalytic multifunctionality, catalytic activity promotion, and durability maintenance. Theoretical calculation discloses the relationship among various single atoms, surface electronic structures, and the resulted electrocatalytic hydrogen/oxygen evolution behavior. This study demonstrates a versatile strategy to precisely modify the surface electronic properties of carbon‐shielded materials for optimized performances.
The human brain has enormously complex cellular diversity and connectivities fundamental to our neural functions, yet difficulties in interrogating individual neurons has impeded understanding of the ...underlying transcriptional landscape. We developed a scalable approach to sequence and quantify RNA molecules in isolated neuronal nuclei from a postmortem brain, generating 3227 sets of single-neuron data from six distinct regions of the cerebral cortex. Using an iterative clustering and classification approach, we identified 16 neuronal subtypes that were further annotated on the basis of known markers and cortical cytoarchitecture. These data demonstrate a robust and scalable method for identifying and categorizing single nuclear transcriptomes, revealing shared genes sufficient to distinguish previously unknown and orthologous neuronal subtypes as well as regional identity and transcriptomic heterogeneity within the human brain.
Chronic wound infections resulting from severe bacterial invasion have become a major medical threat worldwide. Herein, we report a large‐area, homogeneous, and self‐standing porphyrin‐covalent ...organic framework (COF)‐based membrane with encapsulated ibuprofen (IBU) via an in situ interfacial polymerization and impregnation approach. The obtained IBU@DhaTph‐membrane exhibits highly effective antibacterial and anti‐inflammatory effects via synergistic light‐induced singlet oxygen (1O2) generation and controllable IBU release, which is well supported by in vitro experiments. In addition, the IBU@DhaTph‐membrane‐based biocompatible “band‐aid” type dressing is fabricated, and its excellent anti‐infection and tissue remodeling activities are fully evidenced by in vivo chronic wound‐healing experiments. This study may inspire and promote the fabrication of many more new types of COF‐based multifunctional biomaterials for various skin injuries in clinical medicine.
An ibuprofen‐loaded porphyrin‐COF‐based biocompatible and non‐toxic “band‐aid” type dressing is fabricated, and its excellent synergistic photodynamic antibacterial and controllable drug anti‐inflammatory effects are fully evidenced by in vitro and in vivo bacteria‐infected chronic wound‐healing experiments.
Electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction reaction (eNRR) is a sustainable alternative to the traditional Haber–Bosch process due to its eco‐friendly nature and capability of utilizing renewable energy. ...However, its low Faradic efficiency (FE), caused by the excessive adsorption and reduction of protons, has been regarded as the main challenge, which leads to low ammonia yield as well. Herein, a carbon‐supported iron electrocatalyst is reported, which is fabricated by low‐temperature (300 °C) potassium vapor reduction of FeF3‐intercalated graphite fluoride, for efficient electrochemical nitrogen reduction. The strategy enables the unique formation of exposed Fe nanoparticles uniformly anchored on graphene and in situ doped with fluorine heteroatoms. These specific features can alter the electronic configuration of the Fe nanoparticles, leading to strong surface polarization that boosts nitrogen absorption capability for eNRR, resulting in high FE (41.6%) and ammonia yield rate (53.3 μg h‐1 mg‐1) simultaneously. First‐principle calculation attributes this enhanced eNRR capability to more empty orbitals carried by the Fe atoms through the electron transfer with F dopant and substrate. As a versatile strategy for synthesizing various ultrafine and highly dispersed metal nanoparticles on the carbon support, this work might shed light on rational designing essential electrocatalysts with effective electronic structure manipulation.
Exposed Fe nanoparticles are uniformly anchored on graphene and in situ doped with fluorine heteroatoms. These unique features can alter the electronic configuration of the Fe nanoparticles, leading to strong surface polarization that boosts nitrogen absorption capability for electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction reaction, resulting in high Faradaic efficiency (41.6%) and ammonia yield rate (53.3 μg h−1 mg−1) simultaneously.
Objective
We aimed to create a question bank about clinical factors for predicting the diagnoses of psoriatic arthritis in patients with psoriasis of various ancestries and skin tones, which can be ...completed entirely by patients.
Methods
Utah Psoriasis Initiative participants without a psoriatic arthritis diagnosis at enrollment were observed for diagnosis during the study period. We inferred ancestry from exome sequencing data and performed Cox proportional hazards regression to identify clinical predictors of psoriatic arthritis in different ancestry groups. Based on results and literature review, we developed a question bank for assessing psoriatic arthritis risk among patients with psoriasis in various ancestries.
Results
Patient‐reported untreated psoriasis induration and history of fingernail psoriasis were associated with psoriatic arthritis in participants of European and non‐European ancestry. We developed the Psoriatic Arthritis Prediction and Identification Question Bank for Diverse Ancestries (PAPRIKA) version 1.0, which included questions regarding psoriasis characteristics, arthritis symptoms, comorbidities, family history, and demographics. PAPRIKA is accessible at http://bjfenglab.org/.
Conclusion
The clinical features (untreated psoriasis induration and history of fingernail psoriasis) that can predict psoriatic arthritis in European individuals also work for non‐European individuals. PAPRIKA can be used to gather psoriatic arthritis predictive data from patients with psoriasis without provider assistance and is relevant for patients across ancestries.
We aimed to explore the association of combined risk factors with risk of death from upper gastrointestinal (UGI) cancer, including esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), gastric cardia carcinoma ...(GCC) and gastric noncardia carcinoma (GNCC) in the Linxian Nutrition Intervention Trial (NIT) cohort. The NIT cohort included 29 584 healthy adults. A combined risk score (CRS) was calculated using a point system method based on 10 risk factors collected at baseline, including gender, smoking, alcohol drinking, body mass index, family history of UGI cancer, drinking tap water, tooth loss and consumption of fresh fruit, eggs and meat. Possible score ranged from 0 to 31, and higher score indicated as poorer health status. Subjects were divided into three groups by the CRS (<12 points, 12 to 20 points and >20 points). The group of CRS <12 points was considered as the reference. During the 30‐year follow‐up, we identified 4553 UGI cancer deaths. Compared to subjects with a CRS <12 points, the adjusted HRs for CRS of 12 to 20 points and >20 points were 1.69 (95% CI: 1.56‐1.83) and 3.06 (95% CI: 2.82‐3.33) for UGI cancer mortality, respectively (Ptrend < .001). Comparable associations were also observed for ESCC, GCC and GNCC mortality. Results remained similar across different age groups (Pinteraction > .05). All HRs observed in the second half follow‐up period were stronger than that observed in the first half follow‐up period. Our study indicated that higher CRS was associated with increased risk of UGI cancer mortality. Appropriate measures should be taken to reduce unhealthy lifestyles.
What's new?
Identifying individuals who are at high risk of upper gastrointestinal cancer could help reduce the disease burden. In this large‐scale prospective cohort study in a high‐incidence region in China, a combined risk score was calculated based on 10 risk factors including gender, smoking, alcohol drinking, body mass index, family history of upper gastrointestinal cancer, drinking tap water, tooth loss and consumption of fresh fruit, eggs and meat. A higher combined risk score was found to be associated with increased risk of upper gastrointestinal cancer mortality. The findings support measures for reducing unhealthy lifestyles in high‐risk areas of upper gastrointestinal cancer.
BACKGROUNDCurrent methods for the detection and surveillance of bladder cancer (BCa) are often invasive and/or possess suboptimal sensitivity and specificity, especially in early-stage, minimal, and ...residual tumors.METHODSWe developed an efficient method, termed utMeMA, for the detection of urine tumor DNA methylation at multiple genomic regions by MassARRAY. We identified the BCa-specific methylation markers by combined analyses of cohorts from Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital (SYSMH), The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), and the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. The BCa diagnostic model was built in a retrospective cohort (n = 313) and validated in a multicenter, prospective cohort (n = 175). The performance of this diagnostic assay was analyzed and compared with urine cytology and FISH.RESULTSWe first discovered 26 significant methylation markers of BCa in combined analyses. We built and validated a 2-marker-based diagnostic model that discriminated among patients with BCa with high accuracy (86.7%), sensitivity (90.0%), and specificity (83.1%). Furthermore, the utMeMA-based assay achieved a great improvement in sensitivity over urine cytology and FISH, especially in the detection of early-stage (stage Ta and low-grade tumor, 64.5% vs. 11.8%, 15.8%), minimal (81.0% vs. 14.8%, 37.9%), residual (93.3% vs. 27.3%, 64.3%), and recurrent (89.5% vs. 31.4%, 52.8%) tumors. The urine diagnostic score from this assay was better associated with tumor malignancy and burden.CONCLUSIONUrine tumor DNA methylation assessment for early diagnosis, minimal, residual tumor detection and surveillance in BCa is a rapid, high-throughput, noninvasive, and promising approach, which may reduce the burden of cystoscopy and blind second surgery.FUNDINGThis study was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China and the National Natural Science Foundation of China.
This study aimed to explore the association between drinking water source and risk of upper gastrointestinal (UGI) cancer, including esophageal cancer (EC) and gastric cancer (GC), in the Linxian ...General Population Nutrition Intervention Trial (NIT) cohort.
In this study, we used data from the Linxian NIT cohort, which included 29,584 healthy adults aged 40 to 69 years. Subjects were enrolled in April 1986 and followed up until March 2016. Tap water drinking status and demographic characteristics were collected at baseline. Subjects who drank tap water were treated as the exposed group. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were estimated using the Cox proportional hazard model.
A total of 5,463 cases of UGI cancer were identified during the 30-year follow-up period. After adjusting for multiple factors, the incidence rate of UGI cancer in participants who drank tap water was significantly lower compared with individuals in the control (HR = 0.91, 95% CI: 0.86-0.97). A similar association was observed between tap water drinking and EC incidence (HR = 0.89, 95% CI: 0.82-0.97). The association between drinking tap water and risk of UGI cancer and EC incidence did not vary across the subgroup by age and gender (All P
> 0.05). For EC incidence, an interaction effect was observed for riboflavin/niacin supplements and drinking water source (P
= 0.03). No association was observed between drinking water source and GC incidence.
In this prospective cohort study in Linxian, participants who drank tap water had a lower risk of EC incidence. As a source of drinking water, use of tap water may reduce the risk of EC by avoiding exposure to nitrate/nitrite. Measures should be taken to improve the quality of drinking water in high-incidence areas of EC.
The trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT00342654, 21/06/2006), and the trial name is Nutrition Intervention Trials in Linxian Follow-up Study.
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