Seawater electrolysis is an attractive technique for massive green hydrogen production owing to the dominant advantages of seawater resources, namely low‐cost and limitlessness. However, the oxygen ...evolution reaction (OER) catalysts will be easily deactivated for severe seawater Cl− permeation and corrosion. Herein, a structural buffer engineering strategy is reported to endow the Co2(OH)3Cl with long‐term operation stability and a high OER selectivity of ≈99.6% in seawater splitting. The lattice Cl− of Co2(OH)3Cl can act as the structural buffer, whose continuous leaching during OER can leave vacancies for seawater Cl− invasion, so as to avoid catalyst deactivation. Accordingly, Co2(OH)3Cl can maintain 99.9% of its initial current density after 60 000 s operation, while that of Co(OH)2 decays by 52.7% in 7 000 s. Meanwhile, the lattice Cl− of Co2(OH)3Cl can optimize the binding energy of reaction intermediates on the neighboring OCoO site. Thus, Co2(OH)3Cl exhibits a current density of 330.5 mA cm–2 at the potential of 1.63 V versus RHE, 45.9 times higher than that of Co(OH)2. The structural buffer strategy may be applied to incorporate other metal oxides with suitable anions, and effectively boost their OER activity and stability in alkaline seawater.
The Co2(OH)3Cl nanoplatelets are developed into highly efficient and robust seawater oxidation electrocatalyst via structural buffer engineering to strike a balance between lattice Cl− leaching and electrolyte Cl− incorporation during reaction. Co2(OH)3Cl could maintain 99.9% of its initial current density after 60 000 s operation with the OER selectivity of 99.6%.
Osteoporosis is a common metabolic disease in middle-aged and elderly people. It is characterized by a reduction in bone mass, compromised bone microstructure, heightened bone fragility, and an ...increased susceptibility to fractures. The dynamic imbalance between osteoblast and osteoclast populations is a decisive factor in the occurrence of osteoporosis. With the increase in the elderly population in society, the incidence of osteoporosis, disability, and mortality have gradually increased. Polyphenols are a fascinating class of compounds that are found in both food and medicine and exhibit a variety of biological activities with significant health benefits. As a component of food, polyphenols not only provide color, flavor, and aroma but also act as potent antioxidants, protecting our cells from oxidative stress and reducing the risk of chronic disease. Moreover, these natural compounds exhibit anti-inflammatory properties, which aid in immune response regulation and potentially alleviate symptoms of diverse ailments. The gut microbiota can degrade polyphenols into more absorbable metabolites, thereby increasing their bioavailability. Polyphenols can also shape the gut microbiota and increase its abundance. Therefore, studying the synergistic effect between gut microbiota and polyphenols may help in the treatment and prevention of osteoporosis. By delving into how gut microbiota can enhance the bioavailability of polyphenols and how polyphenols can shape the gut microbiota and increase its abundance, this review offers valuable information and references for the treatment and prevention of osteoporosis.
A new permineralized gymnospermous fossil stem, Parnaiboxylon wangi sp. nov., is described from the Moscovian Benxi Formation of Yangquan City, Shanxi Province, North China. It is composed of pith, ...primary and secondary xylems. The pith is solid, heterogeneous, with numerous secretory canals, ducts, and parenchymatous cells at the periphery. The primary xylem is endarch to mesarch. The secondary xylem is pycnoxylic, characterized by the presence of uni- to quariseriate araucarian radial tracheidal pitting, cupressoid to araucarioid cross-field pitting, and axial parenchyma. The fossil stem represents the fourth species of gymnosperms with anatomical features preserved from the Pennsylvanian of the Cathaysia. Anatomical characters, including solenoid pith and growth interruptions, and sedimentological evidence suggest a coastal environment with intermittent droughts or occasional incursions of seawater when the tree was alive. The presence of fungal hyphae, coprolites, and decayed tunnels in the secondary xylem of P. wangi sp. nov. indicate well-developed fungi–plant and animal–plant interactions when the Cathaysian flora at its early evolutionary stage.
•A new Pennsylvanian fossil stem with preserved pith and wood has been recorded.•It expands the diversity of Moscovian arborescent gymnosperms of Cathaysia.•Multiple levels of biological associations are observed.
We establish the
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-systems for the twisted quantum affine algebras that were conjectured in Frenkel and Hernandez (Commun Math Phys 362(2):361–414, 2018). We develop the representation theory of ...Borel subalgebra of twisted quantum affine algebras and we construct their prefundamental representations. We also propose a general conjecture on the relations between twisted and non-twisted types. We prove this conjecture for some particular classes of representations, including prefundamental representations.
BlindDate: A Neighbor Discovery Protocol Wang, Keyu; Mao, Xufei; Liu, Yunhao
IEEE transactions on parallel and distributed systems,
2015-April-1, 2015-4-1, 20150401, Volume:
26, Issue:
4
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Many wireless applications urgently demand an efficient neighbor discovery protocol to build up bridges connecting user themselves or to some service providers. However, due to intrinsic constraints ...of wireless devices, e.g., limited energy and error of clock synchronization, there is still absence of effective and efficient neighbor discovery protocols in the literature. In this work, we propose neighbor discovery protocols for the following two problems. First, we study Asynchronous Symmetry Neighbor Discovery problem, in which potential neighbor devices with asynchronous time clocks but the same duty cycle aim to find each other. Second, we propose an efficient protocol (utilizing Bouncing strategy) named BlindDatewith guaranteed worst-case performance 9/10 (1+δ) 2 x 2 where δ is a small fraction of the length of a time slot unit and 1/x is the duty cycle. Third, we extend this strategy to address Asynchronous Asymmetry Neighbor Discovery problem, in which both the time clock and the duty cycles of potential neighbors are considered to be heterogeneous. We conduct extensive experiments and simulations to examine the feasibility and efficiency of the proposed protocols, and results show that BlindDate greatly outperforms existing approaches in average-case. Compared with known protocols, BlindDate also achieves a better worst-case discovery latency bound (e.g., 10 percent performance gain comparing with Searchlight 1).
Designing an efficient and durable electrocatalyst for the sluggish anodic oxygen evolution reaction (OER) has been the primary goal of using proton exchange membrane electrolyzer owing to the highly ...acidic and oxidative environment at the anode. In this work, it is reported that high‐valence manganese drives the strong anchoring of the Ir species on the manganese dioxide (MnO2) matrix via the formation of an Mn–O–Ir coordination structure through a hydrothermal‐redox reaction. The iridium (Ir)‐atom‐array array is firmly anchored on the Mn–O–Ir coordination structure, endowing the catalyst with excellent OER activity and stability in an acidic environment. Ir‐MnO2(160)‐CC shows an ultralow overpotential of 181 mV at j = 10 mA cm−2 and maintains long‐term stability of 180 h in acidic media with negligible decay, superior to most reported electrocatalysts. In contrast, when reacting with low‐valence MnO2, Ir species tend to aggregate into IrOx nanoparticles, leading to poor OER stability. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations further reveal that the formation of the Mn–O–Ir coordination structure can optimize the adsorption strength of *OOH intermediates, thus boosting the acidic OER activity and stability.
High‐valence‐manganese can drive the strong anchoring of Ir species on the manganese dioxide (MnO2) matrix via forming the Mn–O–Ir coordination structure through a hydrothermal‐redox reaction, endowing the catalyst with excellent OER activity and stability in acidic environments. The as‐prepared Ir‐MnO2(160)‐CC exhibits an ultralow overpotential of 181 mV at j=10 mA cm−2 and operated stably for 180 h with negligible decay.
Accumulating studies have shown that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) modulate multiple biological processes, including immune response. However, the underlying mechanisms of lncRNAs regulating host ...antiviral immune response are not well elucidated. In this study, we report that analysis of the existing dataset transcriptome of blood immune cells of patients with influenza A virus (IAV) infection and after recovery (GSE108807) identified a novel lncRNA, termed as IVRPIE (Inhibiting IAV Replication by Promoting IFN and ISGs Expression), was involved in antiviral innate immunity.
studies showed that IVRPIE was significantly upregulated in A549 cells after IAV infection. Gain-and-loss of function experiments displayed that enforced IVRPIE expression significantly inhibited IAV replication in A549 cells. Conversely, silencing IVRPIE promoted IAV replication. Furthermore, IVRPIE positively regulates the transcription of interferon β1 and several critical interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs), including IRF1, IFIT1, IFIT3, Mx1, ISG15, and IFI44L, by affecting histone modification of these genes. In addition, hnRNP U was identified as an interaction partner for IVRPIE. Taken together, our findings suggested that a novel lncRNA IVRPIE is a critical regulator of host antiviral response.
Between the Boxer Movement and the 1911 Revolution, missionaries in China confronted distinct social challenges compared to their counterparts in home countries. In response, American missionary ...Young John Allen and his Chinese assistant, Van Yi, co-translated James Wideman Lee’s The Making of a Man into Chinese as Ren Xue. This translation aimed to counter Spencer’s social evolutionism, introduced by native intellectuals like Yan Fu, offering a reinterpretation of the relationships among individuals, nations, and God. Additionally, it sought to remap philosophy, evolutionism, ethics, and religion tailored for late Qing China. In contrast to clergymen in America and China, Chinese native intellectuals developed their unique reinterpretations and reshaping of philosophy, science, evolutionism, ethics, and religion for China. Through a cross-comparison of works by Yan Fu, Huxley, Spencer, Lee and Allen, this study explored the diverse responses to Spencer’s evolutionary theory and related issues among the advocates of evolutionism, Chinese intellectuals, and clergies in America and China.
Fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2 or basic FGF) regulates a wide range of cell biological functions including proliferation, angiogenesis, migration, differentiation, and injury repair. However, the ...roles of FGF2 and the underlying mechanisms of action in influenza A virus (IAV)-induced lung injury remain largely unexplored. In this study, we report that microRNA-194-5p (miR-194) expression is significantly decreased in A549 alveolar epithelial cells (AECs) following infection with IAV/Beijing/501/2009 (BJ501). We found that miR-194 can directly target FGF2, a novel antiviral regulator, to suppress FGF2 expression at the mRNA and protein levels. Overexpression of miR-194 facilitated IAV replication by negatively regulating type I interferon (IFN) production, whereas reintroduction of FGF2 abrogated the miR-194-induced effects on IAV replication. Conversely, inhibition of miR-194 alleviated IAV-induced lung injury by promoting type I IFN antiviral activities
. Importantly, FGF2 activated the retinoic acid-inducible gene I signaling pathway, whereas miR-194 suppressed the phosphorylation of tank binding kinase 1 and IFN regulatory factor 3. Our findings suggest that the miR-194-FGF2 axis plays a vital role in IAV-induced lung injury, and miR-194 antagonism might be a potential therapeutic target during IAV infection.
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