Background
Extubation failure can lead to a longer intensive care unit (ICU) stay, higher mortality rate, and higher risk of requiring tracheostomy. Chest physiotherapy (CPT) can help patients in ...reducing the accumulation of airway secretion, preventing collapsed lung, improving lung compliance, and reducing comorbidities. Much research has investigated the correlation between CPT and respiratory system clearance. However, few studies have investigated the correlation between CPT and failed ventilator extubation. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the use of CPT for reducing the rate of failed removal from mechanical ventilators.
Methods
This study was an intervention study with mechanical control. Subjects were divided into two groups. The control group, which received routine nursing chest care, was selected from a retrospective chart review. The intervention group was prospectively taken into the chest physiotherapy program. The chest physiotherapy treatment protocol consisted of inspiratory muscle training, manual hyperinflation, chest wall mobilization, secretion removal, cough function training, and early mobilization.
Results
A total of 439 subjects were enrolled in the intervention and control groups, with a mean age of 69 years. APACHE II score (P = .09) and GCS scores (P = .54) were similar between the two groups. Compared to the control group, patients in the intervention group had a significantly lower reintubation rate (8% vs 16%; P = .01).
Conclusions
The results indicate that intensive chest physiotherapy could decrease extubation failure in mechanically ventilated patients in the ICU. In addition, chest physiotherapy could also significantly improve the rapid shallow breathing index score.
In this article, two undescribed amides (1-2) with an unusual (2-formyl-5- hydroxymethyl)-pyrroyl-butylamine moiety were obtained from the Physochlainae Radix. Comprehensive spectroscopic ...studies, including NMR and HRESIMS, coupling with spectroscopic data comparisons were used to determine structures. Anti-inflammatory assay results showed that new amides possessed significant inhibitory activities of the NO production of LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells, with IC50 values of 17.52 ± 1.68 μM and 20.37 ± 2.42 μM, respectively.
Invited for the cover of this issue are Xiao‐Yu Yang and co‐workers at Wuhan University of Technology, Heinrich‐Heine‐Universität Düsseldorf, University of the Witwatersrand, and Ben‐Gurion ...University of the Negev. The image depicts Ti vacancies in TiO2 as powerful drivers of photo‐ and photo‐electrocatalytic seawater splitting for hydrogen production. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.202101817.
“We think this can provide new insight into the design of high‐performance catalysts for seawater splitting.” Read more about the story behind the cover in the Cover Profile and about the research itself on page 14202 ff. (DOI: 10.1002/chem.202101817).
Immune and inflammatory responses have an important function in the pathophysiology of pulmonary hypertension (PH). However, little is known about the immune landscape in peripheral circulation in ...patients with high-altitude pulmonary hypertension (HAPH). We apply single-cell transcriptomics to characterize the monocytes that are significantly enriched in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of HAPH patients. We discover an increase in C1 (non-classical) and C2 (intermediate) monocytes in PBMCs and a decrease in hypoxia-inducible transcription factor-1α (HIF-1α) in all monocyte subsets associated with HAPH. In addition, we demonstrate that similar immune adaptations may exist in HAPH and PH. Overall, we characterize an immune cell atlas of the peripheral blood in HAPH patients. Our data provide evidence that specific monocyte subsets and HIF-1α downregulation might be implicated in the pathogenesis of HAPH.
Survival data have shown little therapeutic improvement in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) over the past several decades, mostly due to aggressive growth and resistance to therapy. ...Glutathione (GSH) depletion in PDAC may serve as a strategy to suppress tumour malignancy and sensitize tumour cells to therapy. Herein, novel l-cysteine-based poly(disulfide amide) polymers were fabricated to deliver a histone methyltransferase G9a inhibitor (UNC0638) that can simultaneously block GSH biosynthesis and clear cellular GSH levels in PDAC. The optimal UNC0638 nanodrug (NP
) had the desired particle size, reasonable drug loading capacity, and GSH-controlled drug release. Moreover, compared to UNC0638 alone, NP
showed better efficacy in inhibiting cell viability, arresting the cell cycle, inducing apoptosis, and suppressing the invasion and self-renewal capacity of PDAC cells. Furthermore, NP
was found to be tumour-specific and well tolerated with no apparent toxicity to vital organs and haematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. Additionally, treatment with NP
provided favourable outcomes in the PDAC xenograft model. Therefore, this work presents a potent drug delivery platform to overcome the GSH-induced malignant potential of PDAC.
Three new compounds, polygalapyrone A (1), tenuiside G (2) and polygalapyrrole A (3), together with two known compounds (4-5) were isolated by silica gel, ODS and preparative HPLC from the aerial ...part of Polygala tenuifolia. Their structures were elucidated by spectrum analysis and compared with findings from the literature. The anti-inflammatory effects of those compounds were investigated in vitro.
TREM2 has been reported to be associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Here, we evaluated TREM2 mRNA and protein expressions in peripheral blood from AD patients and healthy controls. Higher levels ...of TREM2 mRNA (p = 0.002) and protein (p < 0.001) were identified in AD patients. We observed a significant correlation between TREM2 expressions and MMSE score (mRNA: r = -0.482, protein: r = -0.582; p < 0.01). According to ROC curve analysis, the diagnostic accuracy for TREM2 protein levels on monocytes was 70%, with the sensitivity and specificity 68% and 72%, respectively. Our results indicate that TREM2 might serve as a novel noninvasive biomarker for AD diagnosis.
Saturated hydrocarbons are quantitatively the most abundant fraction among all petroleum hydrocarbons. Significant advances have been made in the understanding of the anaerobic biodegradability of ...alkanes in terms of the microorganisms involved and the biochemical pathways over the past two decades. They can be used as carbon and energy sources by diverse physiological groups of microorganisms (isolates or consortia) grown under chlorate-reducing, nitrate-reducing, sufidogenic or methanogenic conditions. Two general biochemical mechanisms have been proposed for the initial activation of alkanes including addition of fumarate and carboxylation. However, glycyl radical enzymes dependent fumarate addition which yields alkyl-substituted succinate appear to be the most commonly shared mechanism for the anaerobic attack of alkanes under various redox conditions by phylogenetically diverse microorganisms. The genes encoding the candidate alkylsuccinate synthase have been recently described in alkane-degrading sulfate- and nitrate-reducers as well as in hydrocarbon-rich environments. Alternative mechanisms may also be available depending on the alkane-degrading microbial community and electron acceptors utilized.
Boletaceae, the largest family in Boletales, has been attracted by mycologists in the world due to its diverse morphology and complex history of evolution. Although considerable work has been done in ...the past decades, novel taxa are continually described. The current study aimed to introduce three new taxa and one new record of Boletaceae from China. The morphological descriptions, color photographs, phylogenetic trees to show the positions of the taxa, and comparisons with allied taxa are provided. The new genus
is unique in the
group, and
was introduced as the type species. It can be distinguished by its bluing basidioma when injured, a decurrent hymenophore, a stipe covered with distinct reticulations, and a fertile stipitipellis.
is characterized by its pileipellis consisting of broadly concatenated cells and thin-walled caulocystidia in
. In
,
can be distinguished by its hymenophores that change to blue when injured and yellow basal mycelium.
, as a new record, is first reported in Northern China. Internal transcribed spacer (ITS), 28S rDNA (28S), translation elongation factor 1-alpha (tef1-α), RNA polymerase II subunit 1 (rpb1), and RNA polymerase II subunit 2 (rpb2) were employed to execute phylogenetic analyses.
Directed transfer of carriers, akin to excited charges in photosynthesis, in semiconductors by structural design is challenging. Here, TiO2 nanosheets with interlayered sp2 carbon and titanium ...vacancies are obtained by low-temperature controlled oxidation calcination. The directed transfer of carriers from the excited position to Ti-vacancies to interlayered carbon is investigated and proven to greatly increase the charge transport efficiency. The TiO2/C obtained demonstrates excellent photocatalytic and photoelectrochemical activity and significant lithium/sodium ion storage performance. Further theoretical calculations reveal that the directional excited position/Ti-vacancies/interlayered carbon facilitate the spatial inside-out cascade electron transfer, resulting in high charge transfer kinetics.
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