Nesfatin-1 is an anorexigenic peptide involved in energy homeostasis. Recently, nesfatin-1 was reported to decrease blood glucose level and improve insulin sensitivity in high-fat diet-fed rats. ...However, little information is known about the influence of nesfatin-1 on lipid metabolism either in physiological or diabetic condition. This study undertook whether nesfatin-1 was involved in the pathophysiology in Streptozotocin-induced type 2 diabetic mice (T2DM), which was induced by a combination of high-calorie diet and two low-doses Streptozotocin. We observed that plasma nesfatin-1 was significantly increased while expression of nesfatin-1 neurons were decreased in hypothalamus in diabetes group compared to only high-calorie diet control group; intravenous injection of nesfatin-1 decreased 0-1h, 0-2h, 0-3h cumulative food intake in T2DM, but 0-24h total food intake had no difference between groups. Body weight and plasma FFA were normalized after nesfatin-1(10 µg/Kg) administration for 6 days. These results suggested that nesfatin-1 improved lipid disorder in T2DM. It was found that blood glucose and insulin resistance coefficient decreased with treatment of nesfatin-1 (both in 1 µg/Kg and 10 µg/Kg doses) in diabetes mice. For further understanding the role of nesfatin-1 on lipid metabolism, we detected p-AMPK and p-ACC of skeletal muscle in T2DM using western blotting. The expression of p-AMPK and p-ACC increased when nesfatin-1 was given with doses 1 µg/Kg but not in doses 10 µg/Kg. Taken together, nesfatin-1 participated in the development of T2DM and stimulated free fatty acid utilization via AMPK-ACC pathway in skeletal muscle in T2DM.
Danshen (salvia miltiorrhiza) and honghua(Carthamus tinctorius) were traditional herb pair with promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis actions, in China. Both were widely used to treat ...cardiovascular diseases (CVD) for hundreds years, especially shown definite advantage in the treatment of ischemic heart disease (IHD). However, the mechanism of danshen-honghua herb pair (DHHP) in the treatment of IHD was still unclear. This study was focused on examining the effects and possible mechanisms of DHHP in rats with acute myocardial ischemia induced by isoproterenol (ISO). The results suggested that DHHP significantly ameliorated the myocardial tissue abnormalities, notablely inhibited the elevation of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine kinase (CK), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), creatinekinase isoenzyme (CK-MB) and cardiac troponin T (CTn-T) in plasma, obviously decreased the plasma levels of Tumor Necrosis Factor α (TNF-α), outstandingly inhibited the reduction of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) caused by ISO, significantly inhibited the high expression of Bcl-2 assaciated X protein (Bax) and nuclear transcriptionfactor-κBP65 (NF-κBP65) protein, significantly induced the low expression of B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl–2) protein in acute myocardial ischemia rats. DHHP can obviously ameliorate hemodynamic parameters. In summary, DHHP can significantly improve myocardial ischemia in acute myocardial ischemia model rats caused by ISO. Anti-free radicals, anti-peroxidation, inhibition of cell apoptosis and anti– inflammation maybe are the potential mechanisms of DHHP anti-myocardial ischemia in acute myocardial ischemia rats in duced by ISO.
A high‐yielding, copper‐catalyzed dearomatization reaction of indole from 2‐methylindole‐derived oxime acetates was realized, providing access to structurally novel spiroindoline‐3,2′‐pyrrolidine ...derivatives in 67–98% yields. When the C‐2 position of the indole was not substituted, azacarbazole derivatives were obtained in moderate yields. This transformation provides an efficient approach to access nitrogen‐containing spiroindolenine and azacarbazole derivatives with wide substrate scope.
The aim of this investigation was to scrutinize the effects of a thermal treatment on the electrostatic complex formed between gum arabic (GA) and ε-polylysine (ε-PL), with the goal of improving the ...antibacterial properties and reducing the hygroscopicity of ε-PL. The heated complex with a ratio of 1:4 exhibited an encapsulation efficiency of 93.3%. Additionally, it had an average particle size of 350.3 nm, a polydispersity index of 0.255, and a zeta potential of 18.9 mV. The formation of the electrostatic complex between GA and ε-PL was confirmed through multispectral analysis, which demonstrated the participation of hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions, as well as the enhanced effect of heat treatment on these forces within the complex. The complex displayed a core-shell structure, with a regular distribution and a shape that was approximately spherical, as observed in the transmission electron microscopy images. Additionally, the heated GA-ε-PL electrostatic composite exhibited favorable antibacterial effects on Salmonella enterica and Listeria monocytogenes, with reduced minimum inhibitory concentrations (15.6 μg/mL and 62.5 μg/mL, respectively) and minimum bactericidal concentrations (31.3 μg/mL and 156.3 μg/mL, respectively) compared to free ε-PL or the unheated electrostatic composite. Moreover, the moisture absorption of ε-PL reduced from 92.6% to 15.0% in just 48 h after being incorporated with GA and subsequently subjected to heat. This research showed a way to improve the antibacterial efficiency and antihygroscopicity of ε-PL, reducing its application limitations as an antimicrobial substance to some extent.
Due to the high cost of annotating dense fruit images, annotated target images are limited in some ripeness detection applications, which significantly restricts the generalization ability of small ...object detection networks in complex environments. To address this issue, this study proposes a self-supervised cherry ripeness detection algorithm based on multi-feature contrastive learning, consisting of a multi-feature contrastive self-supervised module and an object detection module. The self-supervised module enhances features of unlabeled fruit images through random contrastive augmentation, reducing interference from complex backgrounds. The object detection module establishes a connection with the self-supervised module and designs a shallow feature fusion network based on the input target scale to improve the detection performance of small-sample fruits. Finally, extensive experiments were conducted on a self-made cherry dataset. The proposed algorithm showed improved generalization ability compared to supervised baseline algorithms, with better accuracy in terms of mAP, particularly in detecting distant small cherries.
Zeolite–polymer composite membranes have become promising and effective materials for the pervaporative separation of liquids, especially for isomeric mixtures. In this paper, silicalite-1/PDMS ...composite membranes have been used to investigate the separation of dichlorobenzene (DCB) isomers via pervaporation for the first time. Silicalite-1 zeolites modified by the silane coupling agent, NH 3 –C 3 H 6 –Si(OC 2 H 5 ) 3 , have been incorporated into polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). Then, the silicalite-1/PDMS composite membranes have been successfully prepared on porous polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) supports. The morphology and structure of the silicalite-1 zeolites and silicalite-1/PDMS composite membranes have been characterized by XRD, FTIR, SEM and BET techniques. The results show that the modified silicalite-1 zeolite particles have smaller pore sizes dispersed more uniformly in the active layers of the silicalite-1/PDMS composite membranes and present fewer aggregation and pinholes formed by the accumulation of zeolite particles. The silicalite-1/PDMS composite membranes are all dense and continuous with good homogeneity. To evaluate the pervaporative separation performance of the DCB isomers, the unmodified and modified silicalite-1/PDMS composite membranes have been further tested in single-isomer and binary-isomer systems at 60 °C. The modified silicalite-1/PDMS composite membranes present higher DCB isomer separation factors. The separation factors of the modified silicalite-1/PDMS composite membranes in the binary-isomer systems for p -/ o -DCB and p -/ m -DCB are 3.53 and 5.63, respectively. The permeate flux of p -DCB through the modified silicalite-1/PDMS composite membranes in the p -/ o -DCB binary-isomer system is 116.7 g m −2 h −1 and in the p -/ m -DCB binary-isomer system, it is 93.5 g m −2 h −1 . The result provides a new approach towards the pervaporative separation of DCB isomers from their mixture for future industrialization applications.
Abstract
In the recent years, a growing number of studies have shown that the occurrence of myocardial ischemia (MI) is closely related to the gut microbiota (GM). The Danshen-Honghua herb pair ...(DHHP), a classic combination in traditional Chinese herbal formulas, has been widely applied throughout history to cure cardiovascular disease, exhibiting remarkable clinical efficacy to treat ischemic heart disease (IHD). However, the intrinsic regulation mechanism of DHHP in treating MI remains unclear. This study aims to investigate the possible protective mechanism of DHHP in rats with acute myocardial ischemia (AMI) induced by isoproterenol (ISO) through 16S rRNA gene sequencing technique. Pharmacodynamic results showed that DHHP significantly ameliorated the pathological changes and improved the abnormal cardiac enzymes levels in the AMI rats. In addition, GM analysis demonstrated that DHHP effectively ameliorated the ISO-induced dysbiosis of the GM community, mainly by enhancing the GM diversity and increasing the relative abundance of Bacteroides, Roseburia, unclassified_f__Lachnospiraceae, and Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group, the abundance ratio of Bacteroidetes to Firmicutes, and decreasing the relative abundance of Escherichia-Shigella and Enterococcus. In summary, this study revealed that DHHP could improve ischemic myocardial injury in rats, and that its regulation mechanism is associated with significantly ameliorating the composition of GM, thus contributing to further our understanding of the anti-MI mechanisms of DHHP.
The strategy of exploring the possible mechanism of DHHP treating AMI.
Preoperative hematological markers that indicate nutritional, coagulation, and inflammation statuses have prognostic value for gliomas. This study aimed to investigate hematological markers with ...regard to tumor grades, isocitrate dehydrogenase mutations (IDH), age, and sex in patients with gliomas.
From 2008 to 2017, patients with a pathological diagnosis of glioma who underwent surgery were retrospectively enrolled in this study. Information from clinical records, including age, sex, preoperative experiment tests (routine blood tests, biochemistry, and coagulation examinations), pathological results, and IDH status, was collected. A univariable survival analysis was performed. Hematological factors such as the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte-ratio (PLR), and albumin-to-globulin (AGR) were calculated. The prognostic nutrition index (PNI) was calculated as 10 × serum albumin value (g/dl) + 0.005 × peripheral lymphocyte count (per mm
).
Our study included 706 patients. The univariate analysis showed that age, IDH-1, and hematological factors were all significantly associated with overall survival (OS) in patients with gliomas. Our results showed that inflammation markers (NLR, PLR, and fibrinogen) were positively associated with age, whereas AGR was negatively associated with age. The PLR was significantly increased, whereas the AGR and PNI were decreased in women with gliomas, as compared with men. We found that inflammation markers increased and nutrition markers decreased with gliomas grade. However, these hematological markers did not significantly differ with IDH status. NLR was the best single hematological marker for distinguishing glioblastoma (GBM) 0.684 (0.645-0.723), IDH-wt GBM 0.672 (0.631-0.71) from other gliomas subtypes. Combinations of age with PNI and age with AGR were the best predictors of GBM 0.750 (0.713-0.786) and IDH-wt GBM 0.759 (0.719-0.798), respectively.
Preoperative hematological marker levels vary among glioma grades and have high predictive values for GBM.
The cyclization of alkenes with easily accessible diselenides promoted by PhIO is reported. Notably, the striking features of this new protocol include easy operation (open flask to air and ...moisture), mild reaction conditions, good yields, excellent functional group compatibility and large–scale application.
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An intramolecular selenocyclizations of olefins mediated by a commercially available hypervalent iodine(III) reagent, PhIO, was developed. This method provided access to a wide range of selenenylated heterocycles under ambient conditions. The striking advantages of this protocol over all previous methods include mild reaction conditions, easy operation, good yields, high levels of functional group compatibility, large–scale application and suitability for the late-stage functionalization of complex molecules of biological importance.
In this letter, we report the device characteristics of AlN/GaN MIS-HEMT on silicon substrate using thermal atomic-layer-deposition (ALD) ZrO
2
with various thicknesses. The thermal ALD ZrO
2
thin ...film is deposited at 250°C, which avoids plasma enhancement during the fabrication process. From the transmission electron microscopy results, it is found that the alloy penetrates to the 2DEG region to form a carrier conductive pathway which facilitates the ohmic contact formation. The optimized 7 nm-thick ZrO
2
AlN/GaN MIS-HEMT exhibits improved
I
on
/
I
off
ratio and suppressed current collapse degradation, compared with 4 nm-thick ZrO
2
AlN/GaN MIS-HEMT and Schottky gate AlN/GaN HEMT (SG-HEMT). In addition, as compared to SG-HEMT, reverse gate leakage current can be reduced by about six orders and forward gate bias extends to + 6.3 V with 7 nm-thick ZrO
2
AlN/GaN MIS-HEMT.
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