The link between depression and anxiety status and cancer outcomes has been well-documented but remains unclear. We comprehensively quantified the association between depression and anxiety defined ...by symptom scales or clinical diagnosis and the risk of cancer incidence, cancer-specific mortality, and all-cause mortality in cancer patients. Pooled estimates of the relative risks (RRs) for cancer incidence and mortality were performed in a meta-analysis by random effects or fixed effects models as appropriate. Associations were tested in subgroups stratified by different study and participant characteristics. Fifty-one eligible cohort studies involving 2,611,907 participants with a mean follow-up period of 10.3 years were identified. Overall, depression and anxiety were associated with a significantly increased risk of cancer incidence (adjusted RR: 1.13, 95% CI: 1.06-1.19), cancer-specific mortality (1.21, 1.16-1.26), and all-cause mortality in cancer patients (1.24, 1.13-1.35). The estimated absolute risk increases (ARIs) associated with depression and anxiety were 34.3 events/100,000 person years (15.8-50.2) for cancer incidence and 28.2 events/100,000 person years (21.5-34.9) for cancer-specific mortality. Subgroup analyses demonstrated that clinically diagnosed depression and anxiety were related to higher cancer incidence, poorer cancer survival, and higher cancer-specific mortality. Psychological distress (symptoms of depression and anxiety) was related to higher cancer-specific mortality and poorer cancer survival but not to increased cancer incidence. Site-specific analyses indicated that overall, depression and anxiety were associated with an increased incidence risks for cancers of the lung, oral cavity, prostate and skin, a higher cancer-specific mortality risk for cancers of the lung, bladder, breast, colorectum, hematopoietic system, kidney and prostate, and an increased all-cause mortality risk in lung cancer patients. These analyses suggest that depression and anxiety may have an etiologic role and prognostic impact on cancer, although there is potential reverse causality; Furthermore, there was substantial heterogeneity among the included studies, and the results should be interpreted with caution. Early detection and effective intervention of depression and anxiety in cancer patients and the general population have public health and clinical importance.
Abstract
Metal-organic layers with ordered structure and molecular tunability are of great potential as heterogeneous catalysts due to their readily accessible active sites. Herein, we demonstrate a ...facile template strategy to prepare metal-organic layers with a uniform thickness of three metal coordination layers (ca. 1.5 nm) with graphene oxide as both template and electron mediator. The resulting hybrid catalyst exhibits an excellent performance for CO
2
photoreduction with a total CO yield of 3133 mmol g
–1
MOL
(CO selectivity of 95%), ca. 34 times higher than that of bulky Co-based metal-organic framework. Systematic studies reveal that well-exposed active sites in metal-organic layers, and facile electron transfer between heterogeneous and homogeneous components mediated by graphene oxide, greatly contribute to its high activity. This work highlights a facile way for constructing ultrathin metal-organic layers and demonstrates charge transfer pathway between conductive template and catalyst for boosting photocatalysis.
Key points
In a cold environment, mammals increase their food intake while fish decrease or stop feeding. However, the physiological value of fasting during cold resistance in fish is currently ...unknown.
Fasting for more than 48 h enhanced acute cold resistance in zebrafish, which correlated with lipid catabolism and cell damage attenuation.
Lipid catabolism and autophagy were necessary for cold resistance in fish and the inhibition of mitochondrial fatty acid β‐oxidation or autophagy weakened the fasting‐induced cold resistance.
Repression of mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signalling pathway by rapamycin largely mimicked the beneficial effects of fasting in promoting cold resistance, suggesting mTOR signalling may be involved in the fasting‐induced cold resistance in fish.
Our study demonstrates that fasting may be a protective strategy for fish to survive under cold stress.
In cold environments, most homeothermic animals increase their food intake to supply more energy to maintain body temperature, whereas most poikilothermic animals such as fishes decrease or even stop feeding under cold stress. However, the physiological value of fasting during cold resistance in poikilotherms has not been explained. Here, we show that moderate fasting largely enhanced cold resistance in fish. By using pharmacological (fenofibrate, mildronate, chloroquine and rapamycin) and nutritional approaches (fatty acids diets and amino acids diets) in wild‐type or specific gene knock‐out zebrafish models (carnitine palmitoyltransferase‐1b‐deficient strain, CPT1b−/−, or autophagy‐related protein 12‐deficient strain, ATG12−/−), we verified that fasting‐stimulated lipid catabolism and autophagy played essential roles in the improved cold resistance. Moreover, suppression of the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway by using rapamycin mostly mimicked the beneficial effects of fasting in promoting cold resistance as either the physiological phenotype or transcriptomic pattern. However, these beneficial effects were largely reduced when the mTOR pathway was activated through high dietary leucine supplementation. We conclude that fasting helps fish to resist cold stress by modulating lipid catabolism and autophagy, which correlates with the mTOR signalling pathway. Therefore, fasting can act as a protective strategy of fish in resisting coldness.
Key points
In a cold environment, mammals increase their food intake while fish decrease or stop feeding. However, the physiological value of fasting during cold resistance in fish is currently unknown.
Fasting for more than 48 h enhanced acute cold resistance in zebrafish, which correlated with lipid catabolism and cell damage attenuation.
Lipid catabolism and autophagy were necessary for cold resistance in fish and the inhibition of mitochondrial fatty acid β‐oxidation or autophagy weakened the fasting‐induced cold resistance.
Repression of mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signalling pathway by rapamycin largely mimicked the beneficial effects of fasting in promoting cold resistance, suggesting mTOR signalling may be involved in the fasting‐induced cold resistance in fish.
Our study demonstrates that fasting may be a protective strategy for fish to survive under cold stress.
Pore size plays a critical role in determining the performance of metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) in catalysis, sensing, and gas storage or separation. However, revealing the pore‐size/property ...relationship remains extremely challenging because ideal structure models possessing different pore sizes but having the same components are lacking. In this work, a solvent‐coordination directed structure swelling method was developed for modulating the ratio between the large and narrow pore phases of a flexible MOF, MIL‐88B. Pore‐size‐dependent gas sensitivity and selectivity were studied for the first time in the MIL‐88B samples. The optimized MIL‐88B‐20 % sample showed one of the best sensing performances among all the reported MOF‐based H2S‐sensing materials. This work not only provides a method to synthesize ideal structure models for revealing the relationship between pore‐size and properties, but also may inspire the development of high‐performance gas sensing materials.
The solvent‐coordination directed structure swelling method was used to modulate the pore size of MIL‐88B, which enables to reveal the pore‐size‐dependent gas sensitivity and selectivity of MOF materials for the first time.
To investigate the diagnostic efficiency of contrast‐enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) for the diagnosis of cervical lymph nodes metastasis (CLNM) of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), eight available ...datasets of seven qualified articles before March 31, 2021 were included after a comprehensive search. Meta‐analysis results showed that CEUS demonstrated acceptable diagnostic performance in the diagnosis of CLNM of PTC. Furthermore, meta‐regression analysis was conducted to identify the reasons for heterogeneity and the results indicated that the criteria of CEUS for the diagnosis of CLNM in PTC need to be unified.
Forest plot of CEUS for diagnosing metastatic cervical lymph nodes of PTC. CEUS, contrast‐enhanced ultrasound; PTC, papillary thyroid carcinoma
Abstract
Regulating nonlinear optical (NLO) property of metal−organic frameworks (MOFs) is of pronounced significance for their scientific research and practical application, but the regulation ...through external stimuli is still a challenging task. Here we prepare and electrically control the nonlinear optical regulation of conductive MOFs Cu-HHTP films with 001- (Cu-HHTP
001
) and 100-orientations (Cu-HHTP
100
). Z-scan results show that the nonlinear absorption coefficient (
β
) of Cu-HHTP
001
film (7.60 × 10
−6
m/W) is much higher than that of Cu-HHTP
100
film (0.84 × 10
−6
m/W) at 0 V and the
β
of Cu-HHTP
001
and Cu-HHTP
100
films gradually increase to 3.84 × 10
−5
and 1.71 × 10
−6
m/W at 10 V by increasing the applied voltage, respectively. Due to 2D Cu-HHTP having anisotropy of charge transfer in different orientations, the NLO of MOFs film can be dependent on their growth orientations and improved by tuning the electrical field. This study provides more avenues for the regulation and NLO applications of MOFs.
In early January 2012, the Longjiang River was subjected to a serious cadmium (Cd) pollution accident, which led to negatively environmental and social impacts. A series of measures of emergency ...treatment were subsequently taken to reduce water Cd level. However, little information was available about the change of Cd level in environmental matrices and long-term effect of this pollution accident to aquatic ecosystem. Thus, this study investigated the distribution of Cd in water and sediment of this river for two years since pollution accident, as well as assessed its ecological risk to aquatic ecosystem of Longjiang River. The results showed that it was efficient for taking emergency treatment measures to decrease water Cd concentration to below the threshold value of national drinking water quality standard of China. There was high risk (HQ > 1) to aquatic ecosystem in some of reaches between February and July 2012, but low or no risk (HQ < 1) between December 2012 to December 2013. Cd concentration in sediment in polluted reaches increased after pollution accident and emergency treatments in 2012, but decreased in 2013. During flood period, the sediment containing high concentration of Cd in Longjiang River was migrated to downstream Liujiang River. Cd content in sediment was reduced to background level after two years of the pollution accident occurrence. The study provides basic information about Cd levels in different media after pollution accident, which is helpful in evaluating the effectiveness of emergency treatments and the variation of ecological risk, as well as in conducting water management and conservation.
•Ecological risks (ERs) of cadmium-contaminated water and sediment were assessed.•ER decreased in water, but increased in sediment after emergent treatments.•Recovery for water occurred approximately one month later, but two years for sediment.•ER in sediment after accident decreased during flood period.
As one of the most representative polyoxometalate (POM) structures, Keggin clusters have attracted considerable attention. Nevertheless, the noble‐metal‐templated Keggin structure has not been ...reported to date. In this work, for the first time, a Ag atom was successfully incorporated to template the formation of a γ‐Keggin alkytin‐oxo cluster. Moreover, the central Ag atom has brought a significant heavy atom effect, showing the important influence on the electronic structure and optical properties. Theoretical calculations demonstrate that the Ag atom affects the frontier molecular orbitals and excited states of the AgSn12 cluster, and also the process of electron transfer. The solid structure of the AgSn12 cluster exhibits a significant third‐order nonlinear optical (NLO) response, and an excellent optical limiting effect has been experimentally verified. The success of this work opens the way for the construction and optical properties modulation of noble metal templated Keggin structures.
The first noble‐metal‐templated Keggin structure, AgSn12, is prepared. The central Ag atom significantly influences the electronic structure and optical properties of the whole cluster, which have been investigated by theoretical calculations and Z‐scan measurements.
Solid-state nanopores have shown special high potential in a label-free molecular assay, structure identification, and target-index at the single-molecular level, even though frustrating electrical ...baseline noise is still one of the major factors that limit the spatial resolution and signaling reliability of solid-state nanopores, especially in small target detection. Here we develop a significant and easy-operating noise-reduction approach via mixing organic solvents with high dielectric constants into a traditional aqueous electrolyte. The strategy is generally effective for pores made of different materials, such as the most commonly used conical glass (CGN) or SiN x . While the mechanism should be multisourced, MD simulations suggest the noise reduction may partially arise from the even ionic distribution caused by the addition of higher dielectric species. Among all solvents experimentally tested, the two with the highest dielectric constants, formamide and methylformamide, exhibit the best noise reduction effect for target detection of CGN. The power spectral density at the low-frequency limit is reduced by nearly 3 orders with the addition of 20% formamide. Our work qualifies the reliability of solid-state nanopores into much subtler scales of detection, such as dsDNAs under 100 bp. As a practical example, bare CGN is innovatively employed to perform in-situ tracking of trigger-responsive DNA machine forming oligomers.
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