Students’ personal, emotional, and psychological traits are perceived to be highly influential in their academic engagement; therefore, many investigations have been conducted into the role of ...students’ characteristics in their level of engagement. Yet, the role of L2 enjoyment and academic motivation as two instances of students’ emotional traits was disregarded. To narrow this gap, this article aimed to assess the effects of these two constructs on Chinese EFL students’ academic engagement. To accomplish this, three pre-designed scales were virtually administered to 490 Chinese students. Using the Spearman Rho test, significant correlations were discovered among the variables. Further, through regression analysis, the predictive power of dependent variables was also assessed. Chinese students’ academic engagement was proved to be favorably predicted by L2 enjoyment and academic motivation. The implications and limitations are finally discussed.
The zero-velocity update (ZUPT) algorithm is a pivotal advancement in pedestrian navigation accuracy, utilizing foot-mounted inertial sensors. Its key issue hinges on accurately identifying periods ...of zero-velocity during human movement. This paper introduces an innovative adaptive sliding window technique, leveraging the Fourier Transform to precisely isolate the pedestrian's gait frequency from spectral data. Building on this, the algorithm adaptively adjusts the zero-velocity detection threshold in accordance with the identified gait frequency. This adaptation significantly refines the accuracy in detecting zero-velocity intervals. Experimental evaluations reveal that this method outperforms traditional fixed-threshold approaches by enhancing precision and minimizing false positives. Experiments on single-step estimation show the adaptability of the algorithm to motion states such as slow, fast, and running. Additionally, the paper demonstrates pedestrian trajectory localization experiments under a variety of walking conditions. These tests confirm that the proposed method substantially improves the performance of the ZUPT algorithm, highlighting its potential for pedestrian navigation systems.
The One-Child Policy dramatically changed the Chinese family structure, and the literature indicates that only children may have an advantage in terms of family resource dilution. Moreover, as ...Chinese families traditionally prioritize investing in sons, only daughters are found to have been empowered by the policy because they did not need to compete with their brothers for parental investment. However, the literature is limited to only teenage children when they were still living in their parents' homes. It is unclear whether-when the generation of only children grew up and married-their family structure differed from that of children with siblings and whether married only daughters retained more family resources from their parents. Based on the data analysis of a 2016 survey, "Study of Youths in 12 Cities of Mainland China," including a sample of 1,007 fathers and 2,168 mothers born between 1975 and 1985, this study explores the empowerment of married only daughters, employing the theory of family resource dilution in expanded Chinese families. Using educational investment in children as an example, and with random intercept models, this study presents empirical evidence that the dilution of family resources in Chinese expanded families still benefits males and patrilineal practices. Thus, this study demonstrates that Chinese families still tend to sacrifice the interests of married daughters to ensure support for their adult sons. However, it also illustrates that married only daughters could still connect to their parents' resources, giving them a relatively dominant position for decision-making regarding the family's educational expenditure on her own children. Thus, this study extends our understanding of the family resource dilution theory to Chinese expanded families, underscoring the need for further research on Chinese only children after they marry and form families of their own.
Perovskite solid solution ceramics of (1 − x)BiFeO3–xBaTiO3 (1 − x)BF–xBT, 0.2 ≤ x ≤ 0.45) with high electrical resistivity were prepared by solid‐state reaction method. Actual ferroelectric ...hysteresis loops and temperature dependence of dielectric constant of the ceramics were obtained. Ceramics of 0.7BF–0.3BT with small rhombohedral distortion show highest remnant polarization (Pr = 26.0 μC/cm2) and piezoelectric coefficient (d33 = 134 pC/N). Compositions with pseudo‐cubic symmetry (intermediate phases) show relaxor‐like dielectric anomaly. The values of Pr and d33 decrease with increasing BT content, from 24.8 μC/cm2 and 104 pC/N for 0.65BF–0.35BT to 8.2 μC/cm2 and 5 pC/N for 0.55BF–0.45BT.
Accurately predicting chromatin loops from genome-wide interaction matrices such as Hi-C data is critical to deepening our understanding of proper gene regulation. Current approaches are mainly ...focused on searching for statistically enriched dots on a genome-wide map. However, given the availability of orthogonal data types such as ChIA-PET, HiChIP, Capture Hi-C, and high-throughput imaging, a supervised learning approach could facilitate the discovery of a comprehensive set of chromatin interactions. Here, we present Peakachu, a Random Forest classification framework that predicts chromatin loops from genome-wide contact maps. We compare Peakachu with current enrichment-based approaches, and find that Peakachu identifies a unique set of short-range interactions. We show that our models perform well in different platforms, across different sequencing depths, and across different species. We apply this framework to predict chromatin loops in 56 Hi-C datasets, and release the results at the 3D Genome Browser.
The zebrafish (Danio rerio) has been widely used in the study of human disease and development, and about 70% of the protein-coding genes are conserved between the two species
. However, studies in ...zebrafish remain constrained by the sparse annotation of functional control elements in the zebrafish genome. Here we performed RNA sequencing, assay for transposase-accessible chromatin using sequencing (ATAC-seq), chromatin immunoprecipitation with sequencing, whole-genome bisulfite sequencing, and chromosome conformation capture (Hi-C) experiments in up to eleven adult and two embryonic tissues to generate a comprehensive map of transcriptomes, cis-regulatory elements, heterochromatin, methylomes and 3D genome organization in the zebrafish Tübingen reference strain. A comparison of zebrafish, human and mouse regulatory elements enabled the identification of both evolutionarily conserved and species-specific regulatory sequences and networks. We observed enrichment of evolutionary breakpoints at topologically associating domain boundaries, which were correlated with strong histone H3 lysine 4 trimethylation (H3K4me3) and CCCTC-binding factor (CTCF) signals. We performed single-cell ATAC-seq in zebrafish brain, which delineated 25 different clusters of cell types. By combining long-read DNA sequencing and Hi-C, we assembled the sex-determining chromosome 4 de novo. Overall, our work provides an additional epigenomic anchor for the functional annotation of vertebrate genomes and the study of evolutionarily conserved elements of 3D genome organization.
As sequencing depth of chromatin studies continually grows deeper for sensitive profiling of regulatory elements or chromatin spatial structures, aligning and preprocessing of these sequencing data ...have become the bottleneck for analysis. Here we present Chromap, an ultrafast method for aligning and preprocessing high throughput chromatin profiles. Chromap is comparable to BWA-MEM and Bowtie2 in alignment accuracy and is over 10 times faster than traditional workflows on bulk ChIP-seq/Hi-C profiles and than 10x Genomics' CellRanger v2.0.0 pipeline on single-cell ATAC-seq profiles.
A predimension-reduction algorithm that couples weighted low-rank representation (WLRR) with a skinny intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) dictionary is proposed for hyperspectral image (HSI) ...classification. It seeks a low-rank subspace to solve the performance degradation issue encountered by linear discriminant analysis in a small-sample-size situation. It can also improve the scatter matrix estimation when using a large training set. Unlike those commonly used methods, e.g., the principal component analysis-based ones, WLRR focuses on preserving more structure information. Based on the traditional LRR model, WLRR introduces a local weighted regularization to characterize the correlation between samples such that HSI-specific local structure can be better preserved as well as its global structure. Indeed, more structure information gives more additional discriminant ability. Furthermore, a new discriminant IMFs dictionary is designed to enhance interclass difference via empirical mode decomposition. The proposed method is investigated on several HSI data sets. All experimental results prove it a competitive and promising predimension-reduction means when compared to other traditional techniques.
Multinomial logistic regression (MLR) is of great significance in hyperspectral image (HSI) classification within remote sensing community. It seeks the optimal regressors with logistic loss ...function. In the past, spatial information has been widely used to improve its classification performance by means of some prepared feature or postprocessing techniques. To better understand HSI data and learn more effective spatial feature, in this article, a joint optimization framework that combines MLR classifier training with Khatri-Rao decomposition-based feature learning is proposed for HSI classification. It is called Khatri-Rao decomposition-based MLR (KR-MLR) algorithm. With Gabor feature as an input, KR-MLR customizes two data-oriented strategies. One is to insert a feature learning layer after the initial input and optimize it with classifier concurrently. Moreover, Khatri-Rao decomposition is utilized to convert the problem into tensor space and make it feasible in computation. Another is to add local regularization term to preserve discriminant information as well. The regressors and feature factor matrices are optimized in iterative fashion. The proposed KR-MLR is investigated on four popular HSI datasets. The experimental results show that KR-MLR outperforms other prior arts, proving it a competitive and promising classifier.
This study investigated the effect of L-PRF on promoting full-thickness skin grafting for the treatment of diabetic foot ulcer wounds and attempted to characterize the mechanism. In a retrospective ...study, we centrifugated 10-20 ml of venous blood at 1006.2 g for 20 min. The fibrin clot between the top oligocellular plasma layer and the bottom erythrocyte layer was extracted and directly used, without compression, to cover the wound after debridement. Patients who received L-PRF before skin grafting underwent surgery earlier than patients in the control group. Skin necrosis occurred in 7 patients (28%) in the L-PRF group and 16 (64%) in the control group. The difference was statistically significant, P < .05. The postoperative infection rate in the control group (56%) was significantly higher than that in the L-PRF group (24%), P < .05. During a mean follow-up of 1 year, ulcer recurrence occurred in 9 patients (36%) in the control group compared with 4 patients (16%) in the L-PRF group, P < .05. The final amputation rate was also higher in the control group (48%) than in the L-PRF group (20%). The difference is statistically significant, P < .05. The Maryland scale score and SF-36 score of the two groups of patients after treatment were significantly better than those before treatment, and the difference was statistically significant (P < .05). The L-PRF group (94.80 ± 4.14) had better foot scores at the last follow-up after treatment than the control group (88.84 ± 5.22) (P < .05). The results showed that L-PRF played a positive role in the treatment of Wagner grade 4 ulcer gangrene with free full-thickness skin grafts.
What is the context?
● Diabetic foot is a serious complication in the later stage of the disease course of diabetic patients. The incidence rate is increasing year by year. In severe cases, it can lead to amputation or even death.
● For diabetic ulcer wounds, dressings such as L-PRF or autologous fat are often used in the initial stage to speed up wound healing. For advanced wounds, especially patients with local tissue gangrene, simple wound dressings cannot meet the needs of wounds. People often use skin flaps or different types of skin grafts to treat advanced wounds.
● Flap or skin grafting has been shown to be effective, but because of the patient's own neurovascular injury and infection, the rate of graft necrosis and ulcer recurrence is extremely high. What is new?
● This study discusses the treatment of advanced wounds in diabetes. After thorough debridement and before skin grafting, we first covered the wound with L-PRF and observed the wound condition. Studies have shown that the use of L-PRF can allow the original poor wound to be reconstructed: the content of growth factors and growth-related cells is increased, blood circulation is improved and granulation tissue growth, bone and tendon exposure is improved, and infection is controlled. What is the impact?
● This study provides evidence that using L-PRF to reconstruct wounds can greatly shorten the preparation time for elective surgery. Reconstructed wounds can better accept free skin grafts, and the incidence of postoperative complications and amputation (particularly, toe amputation) is also lower.
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