Excess free fatty acid accumulation from abnormal lipid metabolism results in the insulin resistance in peripheral cells, subsequently causing hyperinsulinemia, hyperglycemia and/or hyperlipidemia in ...diabetes mellitus (DM) patients. Herein, we investigated the effect of phenolic acids on glucose uptake in an insulin-resistant cell-culture model and on hepatic insulin resistance and inflammation in rats fed a high-fat diet (HFD). The results show that vanillic acid (VA) demonstrated the highest glucose uptake ability among all tested phenolic acids in insulin-resistant FL83B mouse hepatocytes. Furthermore, rats fed HFD for 16 weeks were orally administered with VA daily (30 mg/kg body weight) at weeks 13-16. The results show that levels of serum insulin, glucose, triglyceride, and free fatty acid were significantly decreased in VA-treated HFD rats (p < 0.05), indicating the protective effects of VA against hyperinsulinemia, hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia in HFD rats. Moreover, VA significantly reduced values of area under the curve for glucose (AUCglucose) in oral glucose tolerance test and homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) index, suggesting the improving effect on glucose tolerance and insulin resistance in HFD rats. The Western blot analysis revealed that VA significantly up-regulated expression of hepatic insulin-signaling and lipid metabolism-related protein, including insulin receptor, phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase, glucose transporter 2, and phosphorylated acetyl CoA carboxylase in HFD rats. VA also significantly down-regulated hepatic inflammation-related proteins, including cyclooxygenase-2 and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 expressions in HFD rats. These results indicate that VA might ameliorate insulin resistance via improving hepatic insulin signaling and alleviating inflammation pathways in HFD rats. These findings also suggest the potential of VA in preventing the progression of DM.
Cisplatin (DPP), a clinically potent antineoplastic agent, is limited by its severe adverse effects. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of oligogalacturonides (OGA) and DDP on human ...lung cancer A549 cells. The combined use of OGA and DDP had a synergistic effect on the growth inhibition of A549 cells, changed the cell cycle distribution, and enhanced apoptotic response, especially in sequential combination treatment group of DDP 12 h + OGA 12 h. Western blot analyses showed that the combination treatment of OGA and DDP upregulated Bax, p53, and Caspase-3 and downregulated Bcl-2 proteins. More importantly, DDP-induced toxicity was attenuated by OGA and DDP combination treatment in normal HEK293 cells. Our data suggests that the combined use of OGA from natural sources and DDP could be an important new adjuvant therapy for lung cancer as well as offer important insights for reducing kidney toxicity of DDP and delaying the development of DDP resistance.
The antioxidant activity of pectic enzyme treated pectin (PET-pectin) prepared from citrus pectin by enzymatic hydrolysis and its potential use as a stabilizer and an antioxidant for soy protein ...isolate (SPI)-stabilized oil in water (O/W) emulsion were investigated. Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) was found to be positively associated with molecular weight (M w) of PET-pectin and negatively associated with degree of esterification (DE) of PET-pectin. PET-pectin (1 kDa and 11.6% DE) prepared from citrus pectin after 24 h of hydrolysis by commercial pectic enzyme produced by Aspergillus niger expressed higher α,α-diphenyl-β-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, TEAC, and reducing power than untreated citrus pectin (353 kDa and 60% DE). The addition of PET-pectin could increase both emulsifying activity (EA) and emulsion stability (ES) of SPI-stabilized O/W emulsion. When the SPI-stabilized lipid droplet was coated with the mixture of PET-pectin and pectin, the EA and ES of the emulsion were improved more than they were when the lipid droplet was coated with either pectin or PET-pectin alone. The amount of secondary oxidation products (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances) produced in the emulsion prepared with the mixture of SPI and PET-pectin was less than the amount produced in the emulsion prepared with either SPI or SPI/pectin. These results suggest that PET-pectin has an emulsion-stabilizing effect and lipid oxidation inhibition ability on SPI-stabilized emulsion. Therefore, PET-pectin can be used as a stabilizer as well as an antioxidant in plant origin in SPI-stabilized O/W emulsion and thus prolong the shelf life of food emulsion.
Highlights • DEHP, a toxic environmental pollutant, caused liver injury in FL83B cells. • Silymarin could ameliorate DEHP-induced injury. • Silymarin can reduce LDH, ALT and cell population of sub-G1 ...and S phase. • Silymarin at 25 μM achieved the highest hepatoprotective effect.
Foodborne diseases are an important public health problem in the world. The bacterial resistance against presently used antibiotics is becoming a public health issue; hence, the discovery of new ...antimicrobial agents from natural sources attracts a lot of attention. Antibacterial activities of oligogalacturonide from commercial microbial pectic enzyme (CPE) treated citrus pectin, which exhibits antioxidant and antitumor activities, against 4 foodborne pathogens including Salmonella Typhimurium, Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa was assessed. Pectin hydrolysates from CPE hydrolysis exhibited antibacterial activities. However, no antibacterial activity of pectin was observed. Citrus oligogalacturonide from 24‐h hydrolysis exhibited bactericidal effect against all selected foodborne pathogens and displayed minimal inhibitory concentration at 37.5 μg/mL for P. aeruginosa, L. monocytogenes, and S. Typhimurium, and at 150.0 μg/mL for S. aureus.
Influence of light-emitting diode (LED) light on antioxidant activity of radiated pea seedlings was first studied using red (625–630
nm) and blue (465–470
nm) LED lights as light sources in an ...attempt to determine and compare the changes in chlorophyll and β-carotene contents, and Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC, μM). After radiation for 96
h, comparing to white light group, red light radiated seedlings displayed significant (
p
<
0.05) increases in stem length and leaf area, while blue light radiation significantly (
p
<
0.05) increased the stem length and seedling weight. Chlorophyll in leaves increased rapidly when seedlings were radiated by blue light but no significant (
p
>
0.05) difference was observed among light radiated seedlings after 96-h cultivation. β-Carotene content of LED radiated leaves was significantly (
p
<
0.05) higher in red light (54.47
±
2.35
μg/g) group than in the others. TEAC value of ethanol and acetone extracts (50
mg/mL) of 240 pieces of red light radiated seedlings cultured for 96
h reached 106.48 and 81.68
μM, respectively, were higher than the other treatments. In conclusion, the contribution of red light to significant β-carotene expression and antioxidant activity for nutrition and health benefits and blue light to seedling weight and chlorophyll induction of radiated pea seedlings are emphasized.
The aim of this study was to facilitate development of natural antioxidants from defatted peanut kernels. Protein hydrolysates obtained from defatted peanut kernels with esperase treatment for 2
h ...exhibited higher antioxidative activity toward linolenic acid peroxidation than other proteases (including neutrase, pepsin, protease A and protease N). The esperase hydrolysate of peanut protein (EHPP) was further separated with 3 and 5
kDa molecular cut-off membranes to determine the influence of molecular weight. EHPP with molecular weight 3∼5
kDa showed higher relative antioxidative activity, DPPH radical scavenging activity and metal chelating activity than that with molecular weight lower than 3
kDa or higher than 5
kDa. The fraction was further purified by ion exchange chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography; the final peanut peptides exhibited higher relative antioxidative activity (27.5) than ascorbic acid (9.5). This study reported for the first time that protein hydrolysates from defatted peanut kernels possess antioxidative activity.
Tempeh is a traditional fermented soybean product widely consumed as part of the staple Indonesian diet. Besides its role as a protein source, the consumption of tempeh has been associated with ...health benefits, such as those from antioxidants. The fermentation of soybean by tempeh starter ( Rhizopus oligosporus ) determines the antioxidant capacities of tempeh. Updated studies reporting the fermentation conditions effect on tempeh are limited. Therefore, this research aimed to evaluate various fermentation conditions (lactic acid addition, fermentation time, fermentation temperature) on antioxidant capacities and physical characteristics of tempeh. In this study, soybean was soaked for 4 h, dehulled and boiled in water containing lactic acid with different concentrations (0.8%, 0.9% and 1.0%) for 30 mins. After cooling, the tempeh starter (10 6 CFU/g of Rhizopus oligosporus ) was inoculated into the soybean. Afterward, the soybean was incubated at three different temperatures (25, 30 and 35 ℃) for 2, 3 and 4 days. For each fermentation condition, the physical characteristic (L * a * b * color value), antioxidant capacities and isoflavones contents of the tempeh powder were observed. The results showed that the tempeh fermented for more than 2 days was overripe, and higher incubation temperature could intensify the speed of fermentation, resulting in darker tempeh. A significant decrease in the L * value and increases in the a * and b * values were observed on tempeh stored at longer incubation time at various storage temperatures and various lactic acid concentrations (p < 0.05). Tempeh incubated at a higher temperature and longer incubation time exhibited lower EC 50 values of 2, 2'-Azino-Bis-3-Ethylbenzothiazoline-6-Sulfonic Acid (ABTS) scavenging and ferrous chelating ability, increase total phenolic contents and significantly increase aglycone isoflavones (p < 0.05). Therefore, the highest antioxidant capacity, the highest total phenolic content and the highest aglycone isoflavones were found in the tempeh incubated for 4 days at 35 ℃. The 1% lactic acid-tempeh had the highest antioxidant of chelating ability, highest total phenolic content and highest aglycone isoflavone increase.
Mushrooms have become popular sources of natural antitumor, antiviral, antibacterial, antioxidative, and immunomodulatory agents. Golden oyster mushroom, Pleurotus citrinopileatus, is a common ...mushroom in oriental countries for human consumption. We isolated a functional protein (PCP-3A) from the fresh fruiting body of this mushroom. The isolation procedure included ammonium sulfate fractionation, DEAE-Sepharose CL-6B ion exchange chromatography, and Sephacryl S-300 gel filtration. Electrophoresis demonstrated that PCP-3A is a glycoprotein composed of 10 subunits, each approximately 45.0 kDa in size. In vitro cell study showed that PCP-3A at a concentration about 12.5 μg/mL inhibits the proliferation of human tumor cell line U937, in a time- dependent manner (24, 48, and 72 h). It failed to agglutinate rabbit and human erythrocytes, excluding its possibility from being a lectin. Flow cytometry revealed that it is capable of inhibiting the growth of U937 cells by way of S phase arrest and apoptotic induction. We suggest that PCP-3A is worth further investigating for antitumor use.
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