Thin-film diffractive optical elements (DOEs) have considerable potential to be used in the field of high-resolution remote sensing imaging satellites because of advantages such as a large aperture, ...small volume, lightness, wide tolerance range of surface shape, and easy replication. However, there are problems associated with thin-film diffraction imaging, including space variation, serious blur, and low contrast, which result in insufficient imaging quality with regard to traditional optical system requirements. To address this, a local adaptive prior-based image restoration method is proposed for thin-film diffraction imaging systems. An entire degraded image was divided into several isohalo regions based on imaging characteristics. Then, the regularization constraints were adaptively selected and updated according to the local scene prior characteristics. Additionally, the system parameters in the corresponding field of view were used as input to restore each subregion. In particular, the diffraction efficiency (DIE) was introduced into the model to remove the nondesign level background radiation. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can effectively improve the image quality of a thin-film diffraction imaging system, including space variation correction, clarity enhancement, and background radiation suppression. Furthermore, a DIE of less than 60% was found to significantly impact the final image products.
Background
Gastric adenocarcinoma is a highly heterogeneous malignancy with varying prognoses. In clinicopathological practice, we noticed a special tubular adenocarcinoma with diffuse neutrophils ...infiltrating (TADNI). However, the proportion and characteristics of TADNI remain unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the features of TADNI and explore probable treatments.
Methods
We divided 289 tubular adenocarcinoma cases into the TADNI and non-TADNI (nTADNI) groups by histological neutrophil quantity and performed immunohistochemistry of treatment-associated markers (CXCR1, CXCR2, PD-L1, CD8, HER2 and VEGFR2). Then we evaluated the clinical and morphological features in these cases. We also compared the value of histological features and peripheral blood neutrophil test. In addition, multiomics bioinformatic analyses were performed using the public datasets.
Results
In our cohort, TADNI accounted for 10.4% of all tubular adenocarcinoma cases. These cases had worse prognoses (especially the neutrophils mainly outside the tubes) than nTADNI cases. The histological identification of TADNI had more prognostic value than peripheral blood neutrophils. CXCR1/CXCR2 expression was significantly high in TADNI group which indicated that CXCR1/CXCR2 inhibitors might be beneficial for TADNI patients. There were no significant differences in the expression of PD-L1, CD8, HER2 and VEGFR2. The analyses of TCGA data confirmed that TADNI cases had poorer prognoses and higher CXCR1/CXCR2 expression. Bioinformatic results also revealed molecular features (more hsa-mir-223 expression, fewer CD8-positive T cells and regulatory T cells, tighter communication between tumor cells’ CXCR1/CXCR2 and neutrophils’ CXCL5/CXCL8) of this type.
Conclusions
TADNI is a special morphological subtype with poorer prognoses and unique molecular characteristics, which might benefit from CXCR1/CXCR2 inhibitors.
Graphical abstract
Calcaneal Sanders type III or higher fractures traditionally have been treated with open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF); however, ORIF has associated complications. We investigated a ...combination of minimally invasive dual incision and internal fixation using mini plates for treating Sanders type III calcaneal fractures.
Twenty patients with Sanders type III intra-articular calcaneal fractures with a posterior subtalar articular displacement > 2 mm were included. Surgical outcomes were assessed by visual analogue scale (VAS) pain score, American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) hindfoot score, and calcaneal geometry, including Böhler and Gissane angles.
The Böhler angle, Gissane angle, and height and length of the calcaneus were increased following treatment. Based on the AOFAS score, 80% of cases had excellent or good outcomes. The mean postoperative VAS pain score was 1.6. Complications such as malunion or a screw positioning deviation occurred in 6 patients, and one patient experienced delayed wound healing. There were no wound infections.
These results indicate that minimally invasive dual incision with mini plate internal fixation may be an effective alternative to ORIF for treating Sanders type III calcaneal fractures. Advantages include improvement of calcaneal geometry and a lower rate of wound infections.
Alzheimer's disease (AD) chiefly characterizes a progressively neurodegenerative disorder of the brain, and eventually leads to irreversible loss of intellectual abilities. The β-amyloid (Aβ)-induced ...neurodegeneration is believed to be the main pathological mechanism of AD, and Aβ production inhibition or its clearance promotion is one of the promising therapeutic strategies for anti-AD research. Here, we report that the natural product arctigenin from Arctium lappa (L.) can both inhibit Aβ production by suppressing β-site amyloid precursor protein cleavage enzyme 1 expression and promote Aβ clearance by enhancing autophagy through AKT/mTOR signaling inhibition and AMPK/Raptor pathway activation as investigated in cells and APP/PS1 transgenic AD model mice. Moreover, the results showing that treatment of arctigenin in mice highly decreased Aβ formation and senile plaques and efficiently ameliorated AD mouse memory impairment strongly highlight the potential of arctigenin in anti-AD drug discovery.
This paper presented a case study on performance analysis of ground water-source heat pump system (GWHP) for a hotel building retrofit. Splitting air-conditioner was used for cooling and coal fired ...boiler was used for heating in original system. The GWHP system could save electricity energy and water source consumption under improved operation methods compared with the common operation methods. In this study, the experimental average cooling coefficient of performance (COP) of the units and system were 5.53 and 3.29, respectively (from Jun. to Sep.). The average heating COP of the units and system were 4.45 and 2.79, respectively (from Nov. to Feb.). The primary energy consumption of GWHP system was reduced by 42.9% when compare with the original cooling/heating system in a year. The indoor air temperature fluctuated in comfortable range (19.3°C–24.4 °C) during test day in winter. The results show that the GWHP system was particularly suitable for this hotel under our improved operation methods. This renewable and environment-friendly technology could promote energy conservation and sustainability obviously for the hotel building.
•Building retrofit using ground water-source heat pump system.•Five operation modes supplying cooling/heating and hot water.•Improved control strategy could save energy and water source.•Site tests in a whole year cover cooling and heating operation periods.
Gene regulatory network Inference with high accuracy based on gene expression data sets is one of the most challenging problems in computational biology. To improve the accuracy of gene regulatory ...network inference and find hub genes, we proposed a novel model integration network inference method with clustering and hub genes finding called MINICHG. The method is divided into three main steps: (1) using single models inference results based on three machine learning algorithms to construct feature matrix; (2) using k‐means to cluster gene pairs according to feature matrix; (3) hub genes finding. MINICHG integrates RF(Random Forest), GBDT (Gradient Boosting Decision Tree) and Pearson Correlation results with a novel weighted strategy in a semi‐unsupervised way. The designed optimization scheme in MINICHG considering sparse gold standard data characteristics is suitable for most gene regulatory network reconstruction. We evaluated the proposed method on simulated data sets from five Dream4 multifactorial data sets and Dream5 in silico data set and real data set from E.coli. The performance was better than other network inference methods with high accuracy and robustness.
Objectives
Due to the heterogeneity of PCa, the clinical indicators used for PCa can't satisfy risk prognostication and personalized treatment. It is imperative to develop novel biomarkers for ...prognosis prediction and therapy response in PCa. Accumulating evidence shows that non-mutational epigenetic reprogramming, independent from genomic instability and mutation, serves as a newly added hallmark in cancer progression.
Methods
In this study, we integrated multi-center cohorts (N > 1300) to develop a RNA 5-methylcytosine regulator-based signature, the m5C score. We performed unsupervised clustering and LASSO regression to identify novel m5C-related subtypes and calculate the m5C score. Then we assessed the role of m5C cluster and m5C score in several clinical aspects such as prognosis in various molecular subtypes, responses to chemotherapy, androgen receptor signaling inhibitor (ARSI) therapy and immunotherapy in PCa. Finally, we validated the cancer-promoting performance of ALYREF through clinical data analysis and experiments in vivo and in vitro.
Results
The investigation revealed that the m5C score could accurately predict the biochemical recurrence (BCR) in different subtypes (the PAM50 subtypes and immunophenotypes) and the responses to chemotherapy, ARSI therapy, and immunotherapy (PD1/PD-L1). A high m5C score indicated a poor BCR prognosis in every subtype of PCa, unfavorable responses in ARSI therapy and immunotherapy (PD1/PD-L1). Moreover, the m5C reader gene termed
ALYREF,
yielding the highest weighed coefficient, promoted PCa progression through in silico analysis and experimental validations (in vivo and in vitro).
Conclusions
The m5C signature can function in many aspects of PCa, such as the development and prognosis of the disease, and multiple therapy responses. Further, the m5C reader, ALYREF, was identified as a prognostic biomarker and a potential therapeutic target for PCa. The m5C signature could act as a brand-new tool for predicting the prognosis of patients in different molecular subtypes and patients’ therapy responses and promoting customized treatments.
For X-ray applications, microcalorimeters are increasingly dependent on the superconducting transition-edge sensor (TES) technology. We are developing TES devices based on Mo–Cu bilayer films for the ...proposed Hot Universe Baryon Surveyor (HUBS) satellite mission. To investigate the possible impact of a space radiation environment on the stability of the bilayer films, we conducted an irradiation experiment on Mo–Cu bilayer samples with 1 MeV protons at room temperatures and liquid nitrogen temperatures. With data recorded in real time, we noticed that the changes in the electrical resistance of the film samples were not apparent during irradiation at room temperatures, before and after irradiation, but were evident at liquid nitrogen temperatures. Furthermore, following the irradiation runs, we warmed up the irradiated film samples and placed them in a refrigerator to measure their superconducting transition temperatures (
T
c
) and residual resistivity (
ρ
3
K
). We found no systematic change in
T
c
and
ρ
3
K
. We discuss the results in terms of the vacancies and interstitials in the test samples that are produced by irradiation, as well as the effects of heating caused by irradiation.
Drivers’ fault emergency response behavior can easily lead to crashes, resulting in significant economic and property losses. Exploring the causes of improper emergency response behavior is crucial ...for regulating driver behavior and preventing crash. Therefore, based on crashes data between commercial motor vehicles (CMVs) and noncommercial motor vehicles (NCMVs) that occurred in China from 2014 to 2018, this study established a binary logistic regression model. It systematically analyzed the key factors influencing drivers’ fault emergency response behaviors in terms of individuals, vehicles, road conditions, environment, and corporate management. Additionally, it compared the differences in the influencing factors of fault emergency response behaviors between drivers of CMV and NCMV. The results indicate that the model fits well. The presence of faulty emergency response behavior in drivers is significantly correlated with five factors: age, gender, fatigue driving, speeding, and weather conditions. Moreover, these factors have different impacts on CMV drivers and NCMV drivers. Fatigue driving and speeding have a more significant impact on CMV drivers, while other factors are more pronounced for NCMV drivers. This study can provide valuable insights for the development of measures aimed at reducing the severity of CMV‐NCMV crashes.
The microstructure, mechanical properties, and in vitro biocompatibility of vacuum-sintered Ti–xZr binary alloys (x = 5, 15, 25, 35, 45 wt%) were investigated. The results indicated that α and α′ ...phase existed in Ti–xZr alloys. The hardness of the Ti–Zr alloys increased as the contents increased and ranged from 473 HV (Ti–5Zr) to 525 HV (Ti–45Zr). Increasing Zr content could lead to an increase in compressive and bending strength. Additionally, the Ti–45Zr alloy exhibited the maximum bending strength of 867.1 MPa and the maximum compressive strength of 1599.8 MPa which were much larger than that of CP–Ti. Moreover, all Ti–Zr alloys showed a lower elastic modulus (ranging from 53.5 to 59.3 GPa) compared with CP–Ti (103 GPa). The in vitro cytotoxicity tests were carried out for biocompatibility evaluation. The alloys presented no cytotoxic effects and the surface of the alloys exhibited great growth conditions for MG-63 cells. The Ti–45Zr alloy exhibited better mechanical properties and biocompatibility. In conclusion, Ti–45Zr alloy is of great potential for dental applications.
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