Splenic involvement in the course of endocarditis consists in either splenic infarct or abscess. Pathophysiological examinations suggest the existence of a continuum between the two types of lesion. ...Signs and symptoms are usually poor or aspecific. Current incidence and diagnostic methods are rarely reported in recent medical literature.
We report a retrospective study conducted from a questionnaire that was circulated to nine French medical units. Two hundred and twenty five patients with infectious endocarditis according to Duke university criteria were included in the study. The existence of splenic lesions was investigated in 153 patients (68%). Splenic involvement was documented in 35 patients. Diagnostic methods were: abdominal echography (n = 77), abdominal CT scan (n = 40), and both techniques (n = 36). The incidence of splenic lesions was 9%, 35% and 36%, respectively. Among patients investigated using both diagnostic techniques, splenic abnormalities were detected by CT scan in 13 cases and by echography in six cases. Splenic abscess was suspected in nine patients by combining suggestive clinical course and radiological abnormalities, but was definitively evidenced in only four patients (surgery, n = 2, post-mortem examination, n = 2) presenting with large lesions (> or = 8 cm) associated with aortic endocarditis. All other 26 cases were categorized as splenic infarcts; however, diagnosis was confirmed in only two cases (surgery n = 1, autopsy n = 1).
These data suggest that: 1) the incidence of splenic involvement during endocarditis is approximately 35%, 2) CT scan is probably superior to echography for spleen screening, and 3) incidence of abscess requiring specific surgery is very low, inferior to 2%.
Examined temporal characteristics of interlimb coordination in adolescents and young adults with developmental dyslexia. Dyslexic subjects showed significant deficits of timing precision on bimanual ...tasks that required the integration of asynchronous responses, but not when they moved the fingers in unison. (Abstract amended)
In 1984, an new Potamogeton has been found in Alsace (France) and proved to be the hybrid P. crispus x trichoides. Its most important feature is the reduced number of carpels (2-3). The cultivation ...of the taxon has facilitated its determination. This hybrid was hitherto known only from Scotland. The two populations in the upper Rhine plain of Alsace are living in moderately polluted running water influenced by ground-water. Consequently the accompanying species in the phytosociological table are rarely mesotrophic but mostly eutrophic. In 1994, the size of the populations of the hybrid seemed still to be nearly constant.
Schooling and urban dynamics in Réunion Island
In Réunion Island, where schooling is a recent and massive phenomenon, the architecture of successive school buildings has been getting closer to ...traditional forms of housing. Local intercultural relations are beginning to take precedence over large, anonymous structures. But due to educational requirements, whenever uncontrolled tensions in the city encroach the slightest bit on the school system it imposes limits regarding these new developments.
Dans l'Ile de la Réunion où la scolarisation est récente et massive, l'architecture des constructions scolaires successives se rapproche des formes traditionnelles d'habitat. L'anonymat des grandes structures cède le pas aux relations d'interconnaissances locales. Évolution qui s'arrête toutefois aux limites que l'impératif pédagogique impose au moindre empiétement de la ville sur le domaine scolaire.
Schulbesuch und Stadtentwicklung auf Réunion
Auf der Insel Réunion, wo der Schulbesuch spät, aber um so nachhaltiger einsetzte, lehnte sich die Architektur der Schulgebäude an traditionelle Hausformen an. Große, anonyme Gebäudeeinheiten weichen kommunikationsfreundlichen Strukturen. Den unkontrollierten Spannungen, die von der Stadt ausgehen, wird nicht erlaubt, auf den Schulbereich überzugreifen.
Escolarización y dinámica urbana en la isla de La Reunión
En la isla de La Reunión, donde la escolarización es reciente y masiva, la arquitectura de las construcciones escolares sucesivas es muy parecida a la de las viviendas tradicionales. El anonimato de las grandes estructuras deja paso a las relaciones de intercomunicación locales. Evolución que, no obstante, tropieza con los límites que impone la pedagogía a la menor intrusión de la ciudad sobre el terreno escolar.
Schulbesuch und Stadtentwicklung auf Réunion
Auf der Insel Réunion, wo der Schulbesuch spät, aber um so nachhaltiger einsetzte, lehnte sich die Architektur der Schulgebäude an traditionelle ...Hausformen an. Große, anonyme Gebäudeeinheiten weichen kommunikationsfreundlichen Strukturen. Den unkontrollierten Spannungen, die von der Stadt ausgehen, wird nicht erlaubt, auf den Schulbereich überzugreifen.
Escolarización y dinámica urbana en la isla de La Reunión
En la isla de La Reunión, donde la escolarización es reciente y masiva, la arquitectura de las construcciones escolares sucesivas es muy parecida a la de las viviendas tradicionales. El anonimato de las grandes estructuras deja paso a las relaciones de intercomunicación locales. Evolución que, no obstante, tropieza con los límites que impone la pedagogía a la menor intrusión de la ciudad sobre el terreno escolar.
Dans l'Ile de la Réunion où la scolarisation est récente et massive, l'architecture des constructions scolaires successives se rapproche des formes traditionnelles d'habitat. L'anonymat des grandes structures cède le pas aux relations d'interconnaissances locales. Évolution qui s'arrête toutefois aux limites que l'impératif pédagogique impose au moindre empiétement de la ville sur le domaine scolaire.
Schooling and urban dynamics in Réunion Island
In Réunion Island, where schooling is a recent and massive phenomenon, the architecture of successive school buildings has been getting closer to traditional forms of housing. Local intercultural relations are beginning to take precedence over large, anonymous structures. But due to educational requirements, whenever uncontrolled tensions in the city encroach the slightest bit on the school system it imposes limits regarding these new developments.
Simonin Jacky, Watin Michel, Wolff Eliane. Scolarisation et dynamique urbaine à l'île de la Réunion. In: Les Annales de la recherche urbaine, N°75, 1997. L’école dans la ville. pp. 113-119.
In this paper we develop a multivariate threshold vector error correction model of spot and forward exchange rates that allows for different forms of equilibrium reversion in each of the ...cointegrating residual series. By introducing the notion of an indicator matrix to differentiate between the various regimes in the set of nonlinear processes we provide a convenient framework for estimation by OLS. Empirically, out-of sample forecasting exercises demonstrate its superiority over a linear VECM, while being unable to out-predict a (driftless) random walk model. As such we provide empirical evidence against the findings of Clarida and Taylor (1997).
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