Unsupervised and unpaired domain translation using generative adversarial neural networks, and more precisely CycleGAN, is state of the art for the stain translation of histopathology images. It ...often, however, suffers from the presence of cycle-consistent but non structure-preserving errors. We propose an alternative approach to the set of methods which, relying on segmentation consistency, enable the preservation of pathology structures. Focusing on immunohistochemistry (IHC) and multiplexed immunofluorescence (mIF), we introduce a simple yet effective guidance scheme as a loss function that leverages the consistency of stain translation with stain isolation. Qualitative and quantitative experiments show the ability of the proposed approach to improve translation between the two domains.
Linear and nonlinear optical properties of a series of novel donor-acceptor substituted α-oligothiophenes were investigated by means of electrooptical absorption measurements (EOAM) and electric ...field induced second harmonic generation (EFISH). The second-order polarizabilities β(−2ω; ω, ω) were related to dipole changes
Δμ
ag and transition dipoles
μ
ag associated with low-lying charge-transfer (CT) excitations by using the perturbational two-level approximation. Systematic variation of the donor and acceptor groups led to compounds with exceptional nonlinearity and thermal stability. Too strong donor/acceptor pairs, however, yielded structures in the charge-resonance (CR) limit with small or vanishing
Δμ
ag and
β.
Themitochondrialmalate aspartate shuttle system(MAS)maintains the cytosolicNAD+/NADH
redox balance, thereby sustaining cytosolic redox-dependent pathways, such as glycolysis and
serine biosynthesis. ...Human disease has been associated with defects in four MAS-proteins (encoded
by MDH1, MDH2, GOT2, SLC25A12) sharing a neurological/epileptic phenotype, as well
as citrin deficiency (SLC25A13) with a complex hepatopathic-neuropsychiatric phenotype. Ketogenic
diets (KD) are high-fat/low-carbohydrate diets, which decrease glycolysis thus bypassing the
mentioned defects. The same holds for mitochondrial pyruvate carrier (MPC) 1 deficiency, which
also presents neurological deficits. We here describe 40 (18 previously unreported) subjects with
MAS-/MPC1-defects (32 neurological phenotypes, eight citrin deficiency), describe and discuss their
phenotypes and genotypes (presenting 12 novel variants), and the efficacy of KD. Of 13 MAS/MPC1-
individuals with a neurological phenotype treated with KD, 11 experienced benefits—mainly a
striking effect against seizures. Two individuals with citrin deficiency deceased before the correct
diagnosis was established, presumably due to high-carbohydrate treatment. Six citrin-deficient individuals
received a carbohydrate-restricted/fat-enriched diet and showed normalisation of laboratory
values/hepatopathy as well as age-adequate thriving. We conclude that patients with MAS-/MPC1-
defects are amenable to dietary intervention and that early (genetic) diagnosis is key for initiation of
proper treatment and can even be lifesaving.
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