When a feature is attended, all locations containing this feature are enhanced throughout the visual field. However, how the brain concurrently attends to multiple features remains unknown and cannot ...be easily deduced from classical attention theories. Here, we recorded human magnetoencephalography signals when subjects concurrently attended to two spatially overlapping orientations. A time-resolved multivariate inverted encoding model was employed to track the ongoing temporal courses of the neural representations of the attended orientations. We show that the two orientation representations alternate with each other and undergo a theta-band (~4 Hz) rhythmic fluctuation over time. Similar temporal profiles are also revealed in the orientation discrimination performance. Computational modeling suggests a tuning competition process between the two neuronal populations that are selectively tuned to one of the attended orientations. Taken together, our findings reveal for the first time a rhythm-based, time-multiplexing neural machinery underlying concurrent multi-feature attention.
In vivo electrophysiology requires direct access to brain tissue, necessitating the development and refinement of surgical procedures and techniques that promote the health and well-being of animal ...subjects. Here, we report a series of findings noted on structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans in monkeys with MRI-compatible implants following small craniotomies that provide access for intracranial electrophysiology. We found distinct brain regions exhibiting hyperintensities in T2-weighted scans that were prominent underneath the sites at which craniotomies had been performed. We interpreted these hyperintensities as edema of the neural tissue and found that they were predominantly present following electric and piezoelectric drilling, but not when manual, hand-operated drills were used. Furthermore, the anomalies subsided within 2-3 wk following surgery. Our report highlights the utility of MRI-compatible implants that promote clinical examination of the animal's brain, sometimes revealing findings that may go unnoticed when incompatible implants are used. We show replicable differences in outcome when using electric versus mechanical devices, both ubiquitous in the field. If electric drills are used, our report cautions against electrophysiological recordings from tissue directly underneath the craniotomy for the first 2-3 wk following the procedure due to putative edema.
Close examination of structural MRI in eight nonhuman primates following craniotomy surgeries for intracranial electrophysiology highlights a prevalence of hyperintensities on T2-weighted scans following surgeries conducted using electric and piezoelectric drills, but not when using mechanical, hand-operated drills. We interpret these anomalies as edema of neural tissue that resolved 2-3 wk postsurgery. This finding is especially of interest as electrophysiological recordings from compromised tissue may directly influence the integrity of collected data immediately following surgery.
Application of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) for modulation of breast cancer (BC) has attracted much attention. Here, we probed into the role and underlying mechanism of long intergenic non-coding ...RNA 01270 (LINC01270) in BC. With the help of bioinformatics tools, we identified laminin subunit alpha 2 (
LAMA2
) as a BC-related differentially expressed gene to discern the effect of LAMA2 in BC cells.
LAMA2
was initially poorly expressed while LINC01270 was highly expressed in BC. BC cells were subsequently treated with sh-LINC01270 or/and sh-LAMA2 for exploration of their regulatory mechanism in BC, which unfolded that LINC01270 inhibition up-regulated
LAMA2
and inactivated the MAPK signaling pathway to suppress malignant characteristics of BC cells. Functional assays demonstrated that LINC01270 bound to
DNMT1
,
DNMT3a
, and
DNMT3b
promoted the methylation of CpG islands in
LAMA2
promoter and inhibited the
LAMA2
expression. Moreover, our data suggested that
LAMA2
suppressed MAPK signaling pathway to inhibit BC cell malignant characteristics. The in vitro results were re-produced with the help of the in vivo experimentations. In conclusion, LINC01270 silencing inhibited the methylation of
LAMA2
promoter to suppress the activation of MAPK signaling pathway, which subsequently restrained the BC progression.
Graphical abstract
1, Overexpression of LAMA2 inhibits malignant features of BC cells.
2, LINC01270 promotes LAMA2 promoter methylation by recruiting DNMTs to the LAMA2 promoter region.
3, 5-aza-dc reverses the promotion of LAMA2 promoter methylation by LINC01270.
4, LAMA2 inhibits malignant features of BC cells by suppressing the activation of MAPK signaling pathway.
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