This research involved two investigations that examined the effects of two types of affect (i.e., mood and emotion) on creativity motivation. Study 1 examined the degree to which noninduced habitual ...mood impacted creativity motivation in the context of a group of junior secondary school students in Hong Kong (
= 588), while Study 2 examined the effect of the experimental manipulation of emotion induction on creativity motivation in the context of a group of undergraduate students in Hong Kong (
= 653). The Chinese version of the Creativity Motivation Scale, the International Positive and Negative Affect Schedule-Short Form, and the Affect Grid were employed to assess creativity motivation, mood, and emotional states, respectively. Interesting findings were obtained. First, both studies consistently demonstrated a facilitating role of positive and negative affect in creativity motivation. Second, both studies consistently showed that the impact of positive affect on creativity motivation was stronger than that of negative affect. While previous affect-creativity research has focused predominantly on the role of affect in the cognitive components of creativity and yielded mixed results, this research adds to the literature by showing that students' motivation to engage in creativity-related behaviors can be influenced by a broad spectrum of affective experiences (i.e., positive and negative affect, stable and enduring moods, and momentary and mutable emotions). The theoretical and educational implications of the findings are highlighted.
Soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) is the primary sensor of nitric oxide. It has a central role in nitric oxide signalling and has been implicated in many essential physiological processes and disease ...conditions. The binding of nitric oxide boosts the enzymatic activity of sGC. However, the mechanism by which nitric oxide activates the enzyme is unclear. Here we report the cryo-electron microscopy structures of the human sGCα1β1 heterodimer in different functional states. These structures revealed that the transducer module bridges the nitric oxide sensor module and the catalytic module. Binding of nitric oxide to the β1 haem-nitric oxide and oxygen binding (H-NOX) domain triggers the structural rearrangement of the sensor module and a conformational switch of the transducer module from bending to straightening. The resulting movement of the N termini of the catalytic domains drives structural changes within the catalytic module, which in turn boost the enzymatic activity of sGC.
How does an entrepreneur's social network impact crowdfunding? Based on social capital theory, we developed a research model and conducted a comparative study using objective data collected from ...China and the U.S. We found that an entrepreneur's social network ties, obligations to fund other entrepreneurs, and the shared meaning of the crowdfunding project between the entrepreneur and the sponsors had significant effects on crowdfunding performance in both China and the U.S. The predictive power of the three dimensions of social capital was stronger in China than it was in the U.S. Obligation also had a greater impact in China.
Abstract
ATP-sensitive potassium channels (K
ATP
) are metabolic sensors that convert the intracellular ATP/ADP ratio to the excitability of cells. They are involved in many physiological processes ...and implicated in several human diseases. Here we present the cryo-EM structures of the pancreatic K
ATP
channel in both the closed state and the pre-open state, resolved in the same sample. We observe the binding of nucleotides at the inhibitory sites of the Kir6.2 channel in the closed but not in the pre-open state. Structural comparisons reveal the mechanism for ATP inhibition and Mg-ADP activation, two fundamental properties of K
ATP
channels. Moreover, the structures also uncover the activation mechanism of diazoxide-type K
ATP
openers.
Dual oxidases (DUOXs) produce hydrogen peroxide by transferring electrons from intracellular NADPH to extracellular oxygen. They are involved in many crucial biological processes and human diseases, ...especially in thyroid diseases. DUOXs are protein complexes co-assembled from the catalytic DUOX subunits and the auxiliary DUOXA subunits and their activities are regulated by intracellular calcium concentrations. Here, we report the cryo-EM structures of human DUOX1-DUOXA1 complex in both high-calcium and low-calcium states. These structures reveal the DUOX1 complex is a symmetric 2:2 hetero-tetramer stabilized by extensive inter-subunit interactions. Substrate NADPH and cofactor FAD are sandwiched between transmembrane domain and the cytosolic dehydrogenase domain of DUOX. In the presence of calcium ions, intracellular EF-hand modules might enhance the catalytic activity of DUOX by stabilizing the dehydrogenase domain in a conformation that allows electron transfer.
Highlights • An adoption model of healthcare wearable technology was proposed and tested. • Individual’s wearable device adoption decision is determined by risk–benefit assessment. • Antecedents of ...individual’s privacy calculus for wearable device are identified and validated. • Theoretical contributions and practical suggestions were also discussed.
TRPC6 and TRPC3 are receptor-activated nonselective cation channels that belong to the family of canonical transient receptor potential (TRPC) channels. They are activated by diacylglycerol, a lipid ...second messenger. TRPC6 and TRPC3 are involved in many physiological processes and implicated in human genetic diseases. Here we present the structure of human TRPC6 homotetramer in complex with a newly identified high-affinity inhibitor BTDM solved by single-particle cryo-electron microscopy to 3.8 Å resolution. We also present the structure of human TRPC3 at 4.4 Å resolution. These structures show two-layer architectures in which the bell-shaped cytosolic layer holds the transmembrane layer. Extensive inter-subunit interactions of cytosolic domains, including the N-terminal ankyrin repeats and the C-terminal coiled-coil, contribute to the tetramer assembly. The high-affinity inhibitor BTDM wedges between the S5-S6 pore domain and voltage sensor-like domain to inhibit channel opening. Our structures uncover the molecular architecture of TRPC channels and provide a structural basis for understanding the mechanism of these channels.
Whether the native language of bilingual individuals is active during second-language comprehension is the subject of lively debate. Studies of bilingualism have often used a mix of first- and ...second-language words, thereby creating an artificial "dual-language" context. Here, using event-related brain potentials, we demonstrate implicit access to the first language when bilinguals read words exclusively in their second language. Chinese-English bilinguals were required to decide whether English words presented in pairs were related in meaning or not; they were unaware of the fact that half of the words concealed a character repetition when translated into Chinese. Whereas the hidden factor failed to affect behavioral performance, it significantly modulated brain potentials in the expected direction, establishing that English words were automatically and unconsciously translated into Chinese. Critically, the same modulation was found in Chinese monolinguals reading the same words in Chinese, i.e., when Chinese character repetition was evident. Finally, we replicated this pattern of results in the auditory modality by using a listening comprehension task. These findings demonstrate that native-language activation is an unconscious correlate of second-language comprehension.
ATP-sensitive potassium channels (KATP) couple intracellular ATP levels with membrane excitability. These channels play crucial roles in many essential physiological processes and have been ...implicated extensively in a spectrum of metabolic diseases and disorders. To gain insight into the mechanism of KATP, we elucidated the structure of a hetero-octameric pancreatic KATP channel in complex with a non-competitive inhibitor glibenclamide by single-particle cryoelectron microscopy to 5.6-Å resolution. The structure shows that four SUR1 regulatory subunits locate peripherally and dock onto the central Kir6.2 channel tetramer through the SUR1 TMD0-L0 fragment. Glibenclamide-bound SUR1 uses TMD0-L0 fragment to stabilize Kir6.2 channel in a closed conformation. In another structural population, a putative co-purified phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) molecule uncouples Kir6.2 from glibenclamide-bound SUR1. These structural observations suggest a molecular mechanism for KATP regulation by anti-diabetic sulfonylurea drugs, intracellular adenosine nucleotide concentrations, and PIP2 lipid.
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•Pancreatic KATP channel structure is determined at 5.6-Å resolution by cryo-EM•TMD0-L0 fragment mediates the interactions between Kir6.2 and SUR1•An allosteric inhibitor bound to SUR1 stabilizes Kir6.2 in a closed conformation•PIP2 uncouples Kir6.2 from glibenclamide-bound SUR1
The structure of a pancreatic ATP-sensitive potassium channel provides insights into channel assembly and regulation.
It remains controversial whether radical radiotherapy in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) still requires elective nodal irradiation (ENI), or only involved-field irradiation ...(IFI). In this study, a meta-analysis was conducted to compare ENI and IFI in the treatment of ESCC, in order to provide guidance for clinical practice. Literature on the use of ENI and IFI in the treatment of ESCC was retrieved, and the last access date was 31 December 2017. A meta-analysis was performed to evaluate the relative advantages and disadvantages of using ENI and IFI. Ten studies, involving a total of 1348 patients, were included in this analysis; of these, 605 patients underwent radiotherapy only, and 743 underwent radiochemotherapy. There was no significant difference in the 1-, 2- or 3-year local control rates between ENI and IFI, or in the 1-, 2- or 3-year overall survival rates. However, the incidences of ≥Grade 3 acute esophagitis and pneumonia were significantly lower in the IFI group. There were no differences in the rates of ≥Grade 3 myelosuppression or of out-field recurrence or metastasis between these two groups. Thus, neither local control rates nor overall survival rates differed significantly between the ENI and IFI groups, but in the latter group, incidences of severe radiation esophagitis and pneumonia were significantly lower. IFI was not associated with an increase in out-field recurrence or metastasis.
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