In recent years, the integration of wind power generation facilities, and especially offshore wind power generation facilities, into power grids has increased rapidly. Therefore, the grid codes ...concerning wind power integration have become a major factor in ensuring power system reliability. This work compares grid codes about wind power integration around the world. The grid codes of Denmark, Ireland, the U.K., Germany, Spain, China, the U.S., Canada, and other countries are considered. The most important of these grid codes concern reactive power, frequency regulation, fault ride through, and power quality. Several grid codes also address communication, ramp rate, and offshore wind power plants. This work provides information on the future of grid code requirements for offshore wind power integration, which helps the system operators ensure the safe operation of a power system with a high penetration of wind power generation.
Although, post annealing is an efficient way to annihilate/restructure deficiencies in self-assembly (SA) ZnO nanorods (ZNRs), the detailed investigation about the surface properties of annealed ...SA-ZNRs is a long standing issue and the major discrepancy is mainly due to single step annealing. We demonstrate the strategic two step annealing process to create reliable structural configuration in SA-ZNRs during the first round of annealing at 800 °C in vacuum (VA process), and create intrinsic defects in the second step of annealing in oxygen rich atmosphere (OA process) to correlate the formation of the defects related to green/orange-red emission. SA-ZNRs annealed in VA-OA processes reveal positive correlations between the oxygen flow rate and formation of oxygen interstitials (O
) and zinc vacancies (V
). The OA-VA processes exhibit the relation of residual O
and additional V
. According to VA-OA and OA-VA processes, we propose that the green emission in ZnO annealed in oxygen poor/rich condition is mainly due to the formation of V
/V
and annealing at oxygen rich condition creates O
that lead to strong orange-red emission. Rather than O1s, we propose a reliable method by considering the peak shift of Zn2p in XPS to inspect the ZnO matrix, which has good interdependence with the characteristics of PL.
Neuroinflammation caused by local deposits of Aβ
in the brain is key for the pathogenesis and progression of Alzheimer's disease. However, inflammation in the brain is not always a response to local ...primary insults. Gut microbiota dysbiosis, which is recently emerging as a risk factor for psychiatric disorders, can also initiate a brain inflammatory response. It still remains unclear however, whether enteric dysbiosis also contributes to Alzheimer's disease. Here we show that in a Drosophila Alzheimer's disease model, enterobacteria infection exacerbated progression of Alzheimer's disease by promoting immune hemocyte recruitment to the brain, thereby provoking TNF-JNK mediated neurodegeneration. Genetic depletion of hemocytes attenuates neuroinflammation and alleviated neurodegeneration. We further found that enteric infection increases the motility of the hemocytes, making them more readily attracted to the brain with an elevated oxidative stress status. This work highlights the importance of gut-brain crosstalk as a fundamental regulatory system in modulating Alzheimer's disease neurodegeneration.Emerging evidence suggests that gut microbiota influences immune function in the brain and may play a role in neurological diseases. Here, the authors offer in vivo evidence from a Drosophila model that supports a role for gut microbiota in modulating the progression of Alzheimer's disease.
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and cancer-associated cachexia (CAC) are multifactorial and characterized by dysregulated inflammatory networks. Whether the proinflammatory cytokine ...IL-20 is involved in the complex networks of PDAC and CAC remains unclear. Here, we report that elevated IL-20 levels in tumor tissue correlate with poor overall survival in 72 patients with PDAC. In vivo, we establish a transgenic mouse model (KPC) and an orthotopic PDAC model and examine the therapeutic efficacy of an anti-IL-20 monoclonal antibody (7E). Targeting IL-20 not only prolongs survival and attenuates PD-L1 expression in both murine models but also inhibits tumor growth and mitigates M2-like polarization in the orthotopic PDAC model. Combination treatment with 7E and an anti-PD-1 antibody shows better efficacy in inhibiting tumor growth than either treatment alone in the orthotopic PDAC model. Finally, 7E mitigates cachexic symptoms in CAC models. Together, we conclude IL-20 is a critical mediator in PDAC progression.
Animal behavior is governed by the activity of interconnected brain circuits. Comprehensive brain wiring maps are thus needed in order to formulate hypotheses about information flow and also to guide ...genetic manipulations aimed at understanding how genes and circuits orchestrate complex behaviors.
To assemble this map, we deconstructed the adult Drosophila brain into approximately 16,000 single neurons and reconstructed them into a common standardized framework to produce a virtual fly brain. We have constructed a mesoscopic map and found that it consists of 41 local processing units (LPUs), six hubs, and 58 tracts covering the whole Drosophila brain. Despite individual local variation, the architecture of the Drosophila brain shows invariance for both the aggregation of local neurons (LNs) within specific LPUs and for the connectivity of projection neurons (PNs) between the same set of LPUs. An open-access image database, named FlyCircuit, has been constructed for online data archiving, mining, analysis, and three-dimensional visualization of all single neurons, brain-wide LPUs, their wiring diagrams, and neural tracts.
We found that the Drosophila brain is assembled from families of multiple LPUs and their interconnections. This provides an essential first step in the analysis of information processing within and between neurons in a complete brain.
► Standard model brains are generated for assembling a brain from single neurons ► The Drosophila brain consists of families of local processing units ► Processing units consist of aggregates of local neurons linked by tracts ► A mesoscopic map of wiring networks is constructed for predicting information flow
Identification of patients at risk of death from cancer surgery should aid in preoperative preparation. The purpose of this study is to assess and adjust the age-adjusted Charlson comorbidity index ...(ACCI) to identify cancer patients with increased risk of perioperative mortality.
We identified 156,151 patients undergoing surgery for one of the ten common cancers between 2007 and 2011 in the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database. Half of the patients were randomly selected, and a multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to develop an adjusted-ACCI score for estimating the risk of 90-day mortality by variables from the original ACCI. The score was validated. The association between the score and perioperative mortality was analyzed.
The adjusted-ACCI score yield a better discrimination on mortality after cancer surgery than the original ACCI score, with c-statics of 0.75 versus 0.71. Over 80 years of age, 70-80 years, and renal disease had the strongest impact on mortality, hazard ratios 8.40, 3.63, and 3.09 (P < 0.001), respectively. The overall 90-day mortality rates in the entire cohort varied from 0.9%, 2.9%, 7.0%, and 13.2% in four risk groups stratifying by the adjusted-ACCI score; the adjusted hazard ratio for score 4-7, 8-11, and ≥ 12 was 2.84, 6.07, and 11.17 (P < 0.001), respectively, in 90-day mortality compared to score 0-3.
The adjusted-ACCI score helps to identify patients with a higher risk of 90-day mortality after cancer surgery. It might be particularly helpful for preoperative evaluation of patients over 80 years of age.
The increased consumption of high fat-containing foods has been linked to the prevalence of obesity and abnormal metabolic syndromes.
, a fungus in the family Mucoraceae, is widely used as a starter ...for homemade tempeh. Although
can prevent the growth of other microorganisms, it grows well with lactic acid bacteria (LAB).
can produce β-glucosidase, which catalyzes the hydrolysis of glucoside isoflavones into aglycones (with greater bioavailability). Therefore, the development of a soybean-based functional food by the co-inoculation of
and
is a promising approach to increase the bioactivity of tempeh. In this study, the ameliorative effect of
in soy tempeh on abnormal carbohydrate metabolism in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced hyperglycemic rats was evaluated. The co-incubation of
with
during soy tempeh fermentation reduced the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance, HbA1c, serum glucose, total cholesterol, triglyceride, free fatty acid, insulin, and low-density lipoprotein contents, and significantly increased the high-density lipoprotein content in HFD rats. It also increased the LAB counts, as well as the bile acid, cholesterol, triglyceride, and short-chain fatty acid contents in the feces of HFD rats. Our results suggested that the modulation of serum glucose and lipid levels by LAB occurs via alterations in the internal microbiota, leading to the inhibition of cholesterol synthesis and promotion of lipolysis. Tempeh, which was produced with both
and
, might be a beneficial dietary supplement for individuals with abnormal carbohydrate metabolism.
The dynamic transcriptional regulation and interactions of human germlines and surrounding somatic cells during folliculogenesis remain unknown. Using RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis of human ...oocytes and corresponding granulosa cells (GCs) spanning five follicular stages, we revealed unique features in transcriptional machinery, transcription factor networks, and reciprocal interactions in human oocytes and GCs that displayed developmental-stage-specific expression patterns. Notably, we identified specific gene signatures of two cell types in particular developmental stage that may reflect developmental competency and ovarian reserve. Additionally, we uncovered key pathways that may concert germline-somatic interactions and drive the transition of primordial-to-primary follicle, which represents follicle activation. Thus, our work provides key insights into the crucial features of the transcriptional regulation in the stepwise folliculogenesis and offers important clues for improving follicle recruitment in vivo and restoring fully competent oocytes in vitro.
Display omitted
•RNA-seq of oocytes and granulosa cells mapped transcriptome and signature genes•KEGG/GSEA analysis uncovered pathways involved in primordial follicle activation•Oocyte-granulosa cell interactions exhibit stage- and species-specific patterns•RNA-seq analysis identified candidate secretory biomarkers of ovarian reserve
Zhang et al. investigated the transcriptomic profiles from both the oocyte and somatic follicular compartments during folliculogenesis using single-cell RNA-seq analysis. They provided a transcriptomic landscape of folliculogenesis as well as key insights into the transcriptional regulation in oocytes and granulosa cells during the stepwise folliculogenesis.
The design of the Controller Area Network (CAN bus) did not account for security issues and, consequently, attacks often use external mobile communication interfaces to conduct eavesdropping, replay, ...spoofing, and denial-of-service attacks on a CAN bus, posing a risk to driving safety. Numerous studies have proposed CAN bus safety improvement techniques that emphasize modifying the original CAN bus method of transmitting frames. These changes place additional computational burdens on electronic control units cause the CAN bus to lose the delay guarantee feature. Consequently, we proposed a method that solves these compatibility and security issues. Simple and efficient frame authentication algorithms were used to prevent spoofing and replay attacks. This method is compatible with both CAN bus and CAN-FD protocols and has a lower operand when compared with other methods.
PDF
