In this article, a novel driving behavior recognition system based on a specific physical model and motion sensory data is developed to promote traffic safety. Based on the theory of rigid body ...kinematics, we build a specific physical model to reveal the data change rule during the vehicle moving process. In this work, we adopt a nine-axis motion sensor including a three-axis accelerometer, a three-axis gyroscope and a three-axis magnetometer, and apply a Kalman filter for noise elimination and an adaptive time window for data extraction. Based on the feature extraction guided by the built physical model, various classifiers are accomplished to recognize different driving behaviors. Leveraging the system, normal driving behaviors (such as accelerating, braking, lane changing and turning with caution) and aggressive driving behaviors (such as accelerating, braking, lane changing and turning with a sudden) can be classified with a high accuracy of 93.25%. Compared with traditional driving behavior recognition methods using machine learning only, the proposed system possesses a solid theoretical basis, performs better and has good prospects.
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of endogenous small non-coding RNAs of 20-25 nucleotides that play a key role in diverse biological processes. Japanese flounder undergo dramatic metamorphosis in their ...early development. The metamorphosis is characterized by morphological transformation from a bilaterally symmetrical to an asymmetrical body shape concomitant with extensive morphological and physiological remodeling of organs. So far, only a few miRNAs have been identified in fish and there are very few reports about the Japanese flounder miRNA.
Solexa sequencing technology was used to perform high throughput sequencing of the small RNA library from the metamorphic period of Japanese flounder. Subsequently, aligning these sequencing data with metazoan known miRNAs, we characterized 140 conserved miRNAs and 57 miRNA: miRNA* pairs from the small RNA library. Among these 57 miRNA: miRNA* pairs, twenty flounder miRNA precursors were amplified from genomic DNA. We also demonstrated evolutionary conservation of Japanese flounder miRNAs and miRNA* in the animal evolution process. Using miRNA microarrays, we identified 66 differentially expressed miRNAs at two metamorphic stages (17 and 29 days post hatching) of Japanese flounder. The results show that miRNAs might play a key role in regulating gene expression during Japanese flounder metamorphosis.
We identified a large number of miRNAs during flounder metamorphosis, some of which are differentially expressed at two different metamorphic stages. The study provides an opportunity for further understanding of miRNA function in the regulation of flounder metamorphosis and gives us clues for further studies of the mechanisms of metamorphosis in Japanese flounder.
Hepcidin is a liver-derived peptide hormone that is related to iron balance and immunity in humans. However, its function in
has not been well elucidated. In this study, we analyzed the expression ...and function of the
hepcidin (
) gene.
was specifically expressed in the liver and appeared to be one of the most highly expressed genes in the liver. After spleen and kidney necrosis virus (ISKNV) infection and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (Poly I:C) stimulation, the expression of
in the liver increased by approximately 110, 6500, and 225 times, respectively. After ferrous sulfate (FS) injection, the expression of
in the liver increased approximately 520-fold. We found that miR-19c-5p could inhibit
expression. Five CpG dinucleotides distributed in the promoter region showed no differential methylation between the liver and the stomach, both presenting high methylation rates. After FS or LPS injection, the expression of three iron balance-related genes (
,
, and
) and five immune-related cytokine genes (
β,
,
α,
, and
) significantly changed. These results indicate that
participates in the regulation of iron balance and plays an important role in the immune system.
increased approximately 52-fold when mandarin fish were domesticated with artificial diets.
might be used as a real-time biomarker of mandarin fish liver because its expression markedly varies under different physiological conditions.
The hemorrhagic disease of grass carp (HDGC) caused by grass carp reovirus (GCRV) still poses a great threat to the grass carp industry. Isolation and identification of the GCRV genotype I (GCRV-I) ...has been rarely reported in the past decade. In this study, a new GCRV was isolated from diseased fish with severe symptoms of enteritis and mild hemorrhages on the body surface. The isolate was further identified by cell culture, transmission electron, indirect immunofluorescence, and SDS-PAGE electrophoretic pattern analysis of genomic RNA. The results were consistent with the new isolate as a GCRV-I member and tentatively named GCRV-GZ1208. Both grass carp and rare minnow infected by the GCRV-GZ1208 have no obvious hemorrhagic symptoms, and the final mortality rate was ≤10%, indicating that it may be a low virulent isolate. GZ1208 possessed highest genomic homology to 873/GCHV (GCRV-I) and golden shiner reovirus (GSRV). Additionally, it was found a 90.7-98.3% nucleotide identity, a 96.4-100% amino acid identity, and <50% identity with GCRV-II and III genotypes. Interestingly, the sequences of some segments of GZ1208 were similar to GCRV-8733/GCHV, whereas the remaining segments were more closely related to GSRV, suggesting that a recombination event had occurred. Bootscan analysis of the complete genomic sequence confirmed this hypothesis, and recombination events between 873/GCHV and other GSRV-like viruses were also accompanied by gene mutations.
As of 2021, more than 6000 children and youth in Canada were living with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD), for which kidney transplantation is considered the preferred treatment by health ...professionals. Research shows that living donor kidney transplantation (LDKT) has superior allograft and recipient survival compared to deceased donor kidney transplantation (DDKT). However, in a pediatric setting, the choice of LDKT or DDKT is a summative consideration of factors weighed carefully by the patient's family, health care team, and patient. Decision-making surrounding transplantation may be more complex for racial and ethnic minorities as culturally specific values and beliefs are interwoven within dominant understandings and concepts of health and accepted models of health care. For example, Chinese Canadians have an increased risk of ESKD, yet reduced access to LDKT compared to White patients, despite being the largest visible minority population in Canada.
The objective of this qualitative study is to deepen our understandings of the decision-making process surrounding DDKT versus LDKT among parents of Chinese Canadian pediatric patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD).
Qualitative descriptive study design.
The Nephrology Program at The Hospital for Sick Children in Toronto, Canada.
Caregivers of Chinese Canadian patients with CKD, 18 years of age or older, and who spoke English, Cantonese, or Mandarin.
One-on-one, semistructured interviews were conducted virtually, by a member of the research team and were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. Thematic analysis was used to explore participants' shared experience.
Seven interviews were conducted with 6 mothers and 1 father of 6 Chinese Canadian pediatric patients with CKD: 4 patients had undergone a kidney transplant, and 2 were not yet listed for transplant. Analysis of data highlighted that cultural influences affected whether parents shared with others about their child's illness and experience. The cultural understanding that it is inappropriate to burden others contributed to the creation of an isolating experience for participants. Cultural influences also impacted whether parents asked others to be a living donor as participants articulated this would place a physical burden on the living donor (e.g., potential risk to their health) and an emotional burden on the participant as they would be indebted to a willing donor. Ultimately, parents' decision to choose DDKT or LDKT for their patient-child was a result of evaluating both options carefully and within an understanding that the ideal treatment choice reflected what was best for all family members.
Findings reflect experiences of a small sample from a single recruitment site which may limit transferability.
Parents in this study felt that they had access to the necessary evidence-based information to make an informed decision about the choice of DDKT versus LDKT for their child. Participant narratives described feeling isolated within cultural communities of family and friends and participants' suggestion of benefiting from increased support may guide future research directions. Practitioners can offer direct and indirect support to families, with recognition of the importance of cultural values and family-centered care on decision-making within families. Opportunities are needed for accessible, virtual social support platforms to increase parental feelings of culturally mediated peer support from parents who share similar experiences.
Prophenoloxidase (proPO), a critical enzyme in innate immune, has been extensively studied in various crustacean species including red swamp crayfish Procambarus clarkii. However, little is known ...about the genetic structure of proPO from P. clarkii and its role in antivirals. In this study, the expression pattern of proPO upon white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) infection was investigated, and the proPO genomic DNA sequence was obtained from P. clarkii for the first time and analyzed. The results indicated that the mRNA level of proPO could be significantly upregulated in haemocytes, hepatopancreas, gill and midgut. The proPO genomic DNA sequence is 9085 bp in length, which includes five exons interrupted by four introns, an 82 bp 5′-flanking region, and a 1671 bp 3′-untranslated region. Two TATA boxes as well as three repeat sequences were predicted in the intron region of proPO. Subsequently, the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of proPO were identified and genotyped in the crayfish population and the association between SNPs and anti-WSSV traits was investigated. Three SNPs in intron regions were identified, and the SNP 7081 T > C showed a significant association (P < 0.05) with anti-WSSV traits. In addition, the role of purified recombinant protein of proPO in anti-WSSV infection was explored. The results showed that recombinant proPO significantly reduced the amount of WSSV copy number in hepatopancreas and gill compared to the control group injected with bovine serum albumin (BSA). It was found that recombinant proPO could enhance the expression of proPO in hepatopancreas, peroxinectin in midgut, and the C-type lectin (ctl) in gill and midgut. Intramuscularly injection of juvenile crayfish with recombinant proPO could significantly decrease 65% mortality of WSSV-infected crayfish at 10 days as compared to the control group with BSA. The findings of this study suggested that the proPO is an important molecule in the antiviral immune system of crustacean and could provide theoretical for molecular marker-assisted WSSV resistance breeding of P. clarkii.
•The genomic DNA sequence of proPO gene was obtained from Procambarus clarkii.•The SNP associated with anti-WSSV trait was identified based on Procambarus clarkii proPO.•Procambarus clarkii proPO enhanced resistance to WSSV.•Recombinant proPO enhanced the mRNA expression of peroxinectin, proPO and ctl.
Grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) is a highly productive freshwater fish species that annually contributes significant economic value to the aquaculture industry. However, its production is ...frequently affected by grass carp haemorrhagic disease (GCHD), which is caused by grass carp reovirus (GCRV). To elucidate the molecular mechanism of GCRV resistance in C. idella, whole-genome resequencing of both susceptible and resistant C. idella was conducted, yielding a total of 3,941,776 high quality single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). A genome-wide association study (GWAS) then identified five significant SNPs, located on chromosomes 2, 3, 5, 6 and 10, associated with the trait of GCRV resistance. An integrative analysis of the GWAS and a previous transcriptome study was performed, and five common genes were identified, including b4galt2 (β-1,4-galactosyltransferase 2), kif2c (Kinesin family member 2C), jmjd8 (JmjC domain containing 8), selenom (Selenoprotein M), and znfx1 (Zinc finger NFX1-type containing 1). This study serves as a valuable basis for implementing marker-assisted selection (MAS) to improve GCRV resistance in C. idella breeding programs, and provides insight into developing methods to control the spread of GCHD.
•The first genome-wide association study (GWAS) for GCRV resistance in C. idella based on whole-genome resequencing.•Five significant SNPs associated with GCRV resistance in grass carp were identified using GWAS.•Promising candidate genes b4galt2, kif2c, jmjd8, selenom, and znfx1 were revealed.
The mandarin fish (Siniperca chuatsi) DNA methyltransferase gene 1 (dnmt1) was highly expressed in the mesonephros, head kidney and gonad, whereas dnmt2 was expressed in most tissues. dnmt3a was ...highly expressed in the brain and spleen, but dnmt3b was mainly expressed in the brain and head kidney. The genes dnmt1 and dnmt2 were highly expressed in the early stages of embryonic development, and dnmt3a and dnmt3b were expressed later. These genes also showed certain changes after artificial diet acclimation, salinity adaptation and immune stress.
Grass carp (
Ctenopharyngodon idella
) is one of the most economically important fish in China, and its production is commonly lost due to GCRV infection. To understand the molecular mechanism of ...GCRV resistance in grass carp, we compared the spleen transcriptome of the GCRV-resistant and susceptible individuals under GCRV infection (Res-Sus) and the GCRV-resistant individuals under different conditions of injection with GCRV and PBS (Res-Ctl). A total of 87.56 GB of clean data were obtained from 12 transcriptomic libraries of spleen tissues. A total of 379 DEGs (156 upregulated genes and 223 downregulated genes) were identified in the comparison group Res-Ctl. A total of 1207 DEGs (633 upregulated genes and 574 downregulated genes) were identified in the comparison group Res-Sus. And 54 DEGs were shared including immune-related genes of
stc2
(stanniocalcin 2),
plxna1
(plexin A1),
ifnα
(interferon alpha),
cxcl 11
(C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 11),
ngfr
(nerve growth factor receptor),
mx
(MX dynamin-like GTPase),
crim1
(cysteine-rich transmembrane BMP regulator 1),
plxnb2
(plexin B2), and
slit2
(slit guidance ligand 2). KEGG pathway analysis revealed significant differences in the expression of genes mainly involved in immune system and signal transduction, including antigen processing and presentation, Toll-like receptor signaling pathway, natural killer cell-mediated cytotoxicity, and Hippo signaling pathway. This study investigates the immune mechanism of the resistance to GCRV infection in grass carp and provides useful information for the development of methods to control the spread of the GCRV infection.
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