Previous studies have demonstrated that Neu5Gc is highly expressed in breast, ovarian, prostate, colon and lung cancers, but not in normal human cells. The presence of Neu5Gc is important for ...prognosis and is associated with aggressiveness, metastasis, and tumor grade. However, increased Neu5Gc in bladder cancer remains unclear. LIP from lamprey binds the carbohydrate receptor of N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc). The combination of Neu5Gc and LIP suggested that it might be used as a diagnostic tool for the detection of Neu5Gc tumor antigen. Here, the classical animal model of bladder cancer was successfully induced by MNU bladder perfusion. The ELISA results showed that the expression level of Neu5Gc in the urine of normal rats was 94.96 ± 21.01ng/mg, and that of bladder cancer rats was 158.28 ± 34.86 ng/mg. In addition, the results of SNA and LIP immunohistochemistry demonstrated the high expression of Neu5Gc in bladder cancer. After the addition of Neu5Gc to BIU-87 and SV-HUC-1 cells, transcriptomic sequencing and real-time quantitative PCR analysis demonstrated that the gene expression of Neu5Gc synthesis pathway was significantly increased. These data suggest that LIP provides a new tool for the detection of biological samples, especially urine from patients with bladder cancer or suspected cancer, and that revealing the mechanism of abnormal glycosylation can provide theoretical basis for clinical studies.
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•LIP from lamprey can recognize the glycosylation of N- glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc), and might be used as a diagnostic tool for detecting the expression of Neu5Gc.•The expression of Neu5Gc in urine of rats with bladder cancer increased significantly.•The progression of bladder cancer is related to synthesis and glycosylation related genes of Neu5Gc.
Purpose: Reliable biomarkers for the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of various stages of liver cancer are lacking. In this study, we aim to detect the levels of differentially expressed ...proteins (DEPs) in serum exosomes of patients with different liver diseases using a sensitive method. Patients and Methods: Exosomes were purifed and validated. The expression of DEPs in exosomes from patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB), liver cirrhosis (LC) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) was validated by parallel reaction monitoring (PRM) technology and Western blotting, and the biological functions were analyzed by bioinformatics analysis. Results: A total of 11 DEPs were identifed by PRM technology. Significantly higher level of haptoglobin (Hp) was detected in HCC patients as compared to LC and CHB patients. HCC patients had a significantly lower level of transthyretin (TTR) in the patients with CHB. Among the patients with HCC who undertaken surgery, the postoperative levels of CRP, SERPINA3 and Heparin cofactor 2 (SERPIND1) were significantly reduced compared to their respective preoperative levels. Conclusion: Hp and TTR may be potential markers for early diagnosis of HCC. CRP, SERPINA3 and SERPIND1 may serve as potential prognostic indicators for HCC patients undertaken surgery. Keywords: exosome, hepatocellular carcinoma, mass spectrometry, biomarker
By using the more electro‐negative Mn3+ ion to partially replace Co3+ at the octahedral site of spinel ZnCo2O4, i.e., forming ternary Zn–Mn–Co spinel oxide, the electrocatalytic oxygen ...reduction/evolution activity is found to be significantly increased. Considering the physical characterization and theoretical calculations, it demonstrated that the bond competition played a key role in regulating the cobalt valence state and the electrocatalytic activity. The partial replacement of octahedral‐site‐occupied Co3+ by Mn3+ can effectively modulate the adjacent Co–O bond and induce the Jahn–Teller effect, thus changing the originally stable crystal structure and optimizing the binding strength between the active center and reaction intermediates. Certainly, the Mn‐substituted ZnMn1.4Co0.6O4/NCNTs exhibit higher electrocatalytic oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity than that of ZnCo2O4/NCNTs and ZnMn2O4/NCNTs, supporting that the Co–O bond covalency determines the ORR activity of spinel ZnCo2O4. This study offers the competition between adjacent Co–O and Mn–O bonds via the BOh–O–BOh edge‐sharing geometry. The ion substitution at octahedral sites by less electronegative cations can be a new and effective way to improve the electrocatalytic performance of cobalt‐based spinel oxides.
The excellent electrocatalytic performance of ZnMn1.4Co0.6O4/NCNTs for oxygen reduction reaction is verified, presenting significant power density and durability in Zn–air batteries. A bond competition mechanism for the octahedral sites of spinel is also proposed. The presence of bond competition between CoO and MnO enables to modulate and optimize the electronic structure of ZnMn1.4Co0.6O4, resulting in the superior electrocatalytic activity.
Seaweed farming has been proposed as a strategy for adaptation to ocean acidification, but evidence is largely lacking. Changes of pH and carbon system parameters in surface waters of three seaweed ...farms along a latitudinal range in China were compared, on the weeks preceding harvesting, with those of the surrounding seawaters. Results confirmed that seaweed farming is efficient in buffering acidification, with Saccharina japonica showing the highest capacity of 0.10 pH increase within the aquaculture area, followed by Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis (ΔpH = 0.04) and Porphyra haitanensis (ΔpH = 0.03). The ranges of pH variability within seaweed farms spanned 0.14–0.30 unit during the monitoring, showing intense fluctuations which may also help marine organisms adapt to enhanced pH temporal variations in the future ocean. Deficit in pCO2 in waters in seaweed farms relative to control waters averaged 58.7 ± 15.9 μatm, ranging from 27.3 to 113.9 μatm across farms. However, ΔpH did not significantly differ between day and night. Dissolved oxygen and Ωarag were also elevated in surface waters at all seaweed farms, which are benefit for the survival of calcifying organisms. Seaweed farming, which unlike natural seaweed forests, is scalable and is not dependent on suitable substrate or light availability, could serve as a low-cost adaptation strategy to ocean acidification and deoxygenation and provide important refugia from ocean acidification.
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•Seaweed farms were efficient in buffering acidification locally.•Laminaria japonica showed the highest capacity of 0.10 pH increase within aquaculture area.•Deficit in pCO2 in waters in seaweed farms averaged 58.7 ± 15.9 μatm.•Dissolved oxygen and Ωarag were also elevated.
Coordinating the interrelationships among economic growth, land resource utilization, and carbon emissions is critical for promoting high-quality economic growth and achieving sustainable urban ...progress. According to the gravity model and the Tapio decoupling model, this study examined the decoupling relationships of economic growth with land expansion and carbon emissions in Zhejiang Province during the period of 2002–2017. We found that (1) The economic gravity center and the built-up area gravity center generally shifted towards the northwest; however, the carbon emission gravity center initially shifted towards the northwest and then towards the southwest. The spatial coupling between the economic gravity center and the built-up area gravity center exhibited a tendency of ‘first weakening, then strengthening, and last weakening’, whereas the spatial coupling between the economic gravity center and the carbon emission gravity center displayed a tendency of ‘first strengthening and then weakening’. (2) The decoupling of economic growth and land expansion is weak at every stage with effective controls on land expansion. However, in recent years, the phenomenon of ‘expansive negative decoupling’ has become prevalent in counties and cities surrounding the central city. The decoupling of economic growth and carbon emissions steadily increased at each stage, first ‘expansive coupling and expansive negative decoupling’, then ‘weak decoupling’, and finally ‘strong decoupling’. The urban low-carbon transformation effect is remarkable. (3) Zhejiang Province should prioritize addressing the regional imbalance and state instability in the decoupling relationships. It is crucial to comprehensively consider the natural resource endowment, macro-policy factors, and urban development orientation of counties and cities while implementing differentiated planning and control strategies, which will promote regional coordination and comprehensive, high-quality development in all areas.
A Ti3C2‐TiO2‐MoS2 (TM) photocatalyst is successfully designed by in situ growth of TiO2 and MoS2 nanosheets on MXene (Ti3C2) nanosheets. The dual charge transfer channels and capacitive effect of the ...as‐prepared TM hybrids trigger the intrinsic activity, resulting in a high solar‐to‐hydrogen conversion efficiency and excellent cycling stability. More details can be found in article number 2100188, Zhao‐Qing Liu, Ying Zhou, and co‐workers.
Photocatalytic hydrogen evolution provides a sustainable and environmentally benign approach for large‐scale solar energy conversion. How to substantially trigger the photocatalytic efficiency of ...semiconductor catalysts is still a challenging issue. Here, the sandwich‐like hierarchical Ti
3
C
2
–TiO
2
–MoS
2
(TM) composite is designed and synthesized by in situ growth of TiO
2
and MoS
2
nanosheets on MXene (Ti
3
C
2
) nanosheets. Consequently, the dual‐cocatalyst‐modified TiO
2
photocatalyst can spark efficient photocatalytic H
2
evolution (4.3 times higher than pristine TiO
2
) and maintain excellent stability (>30 h). Specifically, the enhancement of photocatalytic efficiency can be originated from the promoted charge separation and migration through TiOMo and COTi dual charge transfer channels and enriched reactive active sites for proton reduction. More importantly, the capacitive properties of MoS
2
and Ti
3
C
2
can retain the photogenerated electrons at a long‐lived charge‐separated state, further improving the activity and stability. The potential of earth‐abundant cocatalysts with capacitance effect to construct high‐efficiency and low‐cost photocatalysts is demonstrated.
Photocatalytic hydrogen evolution provides a sustainable and environmentally benign approach for large‐scale solar energy conversion. How to substantially trigger the photocatalytic efficiency of ...semiconductor catalysts is still a challenging issue. Here, the sandwich‐like hierarchical Ti3C2–TiO2–MoS2 (TM) composite is designed and synthesized by in situ growth of TiO2 and MoS2 nanosheets on MXene (Ti3C2) nanosheets. Consequently, the dual‐cocatalyst‐modified TiO2 photocatalyst can spark efficient photocatalytic H2 evolution (4.3 times higher than pristine TiO2) and maintain excellent stability (>30 h). Specifically, the enhancement of photocatalytic efficiency can be originated from the promoted charge separation and migration through TiOMo and COTi dual charge transfer channels and enriched reactive active sites for proton reduction. More importantly, the capacitive properties of MoS2 and Ti3C2 can retain the photogenerated electrons at a long‐lived charge‐separated state, further improving the activity and stability. The potential of earth‐abundant cocatalysts with capacitance effect to construct high‐efficiency and low‐cost photocatalysts is demonstrated.
A Ti3C2–TiO2–MoS2 (TM) photocatalyst is designed. The as‐prepared TM hybrids exhibit efficient H2 production and excellent stability. It is revealed that the desirable coupling of different interfaces through COTi and TiOMo bridging bonds for fast electron transfer and the superior capacitive properties of the dual‐cocatalysts for endowing electrons with long lifetime, lead to the significant photocatalytic performance enhancement.
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