Pandemics have become more frequent and more complex during the twenty-first century. Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) following pandemics is a significant public health concern. We sought to ...provide a reliable estimate of the worldwide prevalence of PTSD after large-scale pandemics as well as associated risk factors, by a systematic review and meta-analysis. We systematically searched the MedLine, Embase, PsycINFO, Web of Science, CNKI, WanFang, medRxiv, and bioRxiv databases to identify studies that were published from the inception up to August 23, 2020, and reported the prevalence of PTSD after pandemics including sudden acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), H1N1, Poliomyelitis, Ebola, Zika, Nipah, Middle Eastern respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), H5N1, and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). A total of 88 studies were included in the analysis, with 77 having prevalence information and 70 having risk factors information. The overall pooled prevalence of post-pandemic PTSD across all populations was 22.6% (95% confidence interval (CI): 19.9-25.4%, I
: 99.7%). Healthcare workers had the highest prevalence of PTSD (26.9%; 95% CI: 20.3-33.6%), followed by infected cases (23.8%: 16.6-31.0%), and the general public (19.3%: 15.3-23.2%). However, the heterogeneity of study findings indicates that results should be interpreted cautiously. Risk factors including individual, family, and societal factors, pandemic-related factors, and specific factors in healthcare workers and patients for post-pandemic PTSD were summarized and discussed in this systematic review. Long-term monitoring and early interventions should be implemented to improve post-pandemic mental health and long-term recovery.
With the rapid development of wearable and portable electronics, flexible and stretchable energy storage devices to power them are rapidly emerging. Among numerous flexible energy storage ...technologies, flexible batteries are considered as the most favorable candidate due to their high energy density and long cycle life. In particular, flexible 1D batteries with the unique advantages of miniaturization, adaptability, and weavability are expected to be a part of such applications. The development of 1D batteries, including lithium‐ion batteries, zinc‐ion batteries, zinc–air batteries, and lithium–air batteries, is comprehensively summarized, with particular emphasis on electrode preparation, battery design, and battery properties. In addition, the remaining challenges to the commercialization of current 1D batteries and prospective opportunities in the field are discussed.
The latest advances in flexible 1D batteries, including metal‐ion batteries and metal–air batteries, are summarized, with particular emphasis on electrode preparation, battery design, and electrochemical and mechanical properties. Additionally, future perspectives on and remaining challenges to the practical application of 1D batteries are also discussed to promote the commercialization of 1D batteries.
Perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs) have showed significant progress in recent years; the external quantum efficiency (EQE) of electroluminescence in green and red regions has exceeded 20%, but ...the efficiency in blue lags far behind. Here, a large cation CH
CH
NH
is added in PEA
(CsPbBr
)
PbBr
perovskite to decrease the Pb-Br orbit coupling and increase the bandgap for blue emission. X-ray diffraction and nuclear magnetic resonance results confirmed that the EA has successfully replaced Cs
cations to form PEA
(Cs
EA
PbBr
)
PbBr
. This method modulates the photoluminescence from the green region (508 nm) into blue (466 nm), and over 70% photoluminescence quantum yield in blue is obtained. In addition, the emission spectra is stable under light and thermal stress. With configuration of PeLEDs with 60% EABr, as high as 12.1% EQE of sky-blue electroluminescence located at 488 nm has been demonstrated, which will pave the way for the full color display for the PeLEDs.
In the Flora of China account of Saxifraga mengtzeana Engl. & Irmsch., eight synonyms were attributed to it and one variant, recognized as Saxifraga epiphylla Gornall & Ohba, was split from it. This ...study reevaluates the taxonomic status of some of the synonyms and of the segregated species in light of new evidence presented here. Morphological and molecular evidence demonstrate that collections from northwestern Yunnan and Sichuan are genetically differentiated from those in southeastern Yunnan and neighboring Guangxi. Observations in the field and in cultivation show that the peltate petiole attachment diagnostic of S. mengtzeana var. peltifolia Engl. & Irmsch. is developmentally labile. Similar observations combined with molecular data show that viviparous phenotypes, formerly treated as S. epiphylla, although largely under genetic control, occur sporadically throughout the ranges of both northern and southern taxa. Collections from northwestern Yunnan and Sichuan are best recognized as Saxifraga geifolia Balf.f., whereas those from southeastern Yunnan and neighboring Guangxi are S. mengtzeana. Peltate‐leaved variants of the latter are given no status and are relegated to complete synonymy. Viviparous phenotypes of S. mengtzeana and S. geifolia are recognized at the rank of forma.
Integrating morphological, geographical, and molecular evidence, we reinterpret the taxonomic and phylogenetic status of Saxifraga mengtzeana and related taxa. Our data suggest that Saxifraga epiphylla is part of a polymorphism and should be synonymized under Saxifraga mengtzeana and that Saxifraga geifolia should be distinct rather than conspecific with S. mengtzeana.
Recently, sensors that can imitate human skin have received extensive attention. Capacitive sensors have a simple structure, low loss, no temperature drift, and other excellent properties, and can be ...applied in the fields of robotics, human–machine interactions, medical care, and health monitoring. Polymer matrices are commonly employed in flexible capacitive sensors because of their high flexibility. However, their volume is almost unchanged when pressure is applied, and they are inherently viscoelastic. These shortcomings severely lead to high hysteresis and limit the improvement in sensitivity. Therefore, considerable efforts have been applied to improve the sensing performance by designing different microstructures of materials. Herein, two types of sensors based on the applied forces are discussed, including pressure sensors and strain sensors. Currently, five types of microstructures are commonly used in pressure sensors, while four are used in strain sensors. The advantages, disadvantages, and practical values of the different structures are systematically elaborated. Finally, future perspectives of microstructures for capacitive sensors are discussed, with the aim of providing a guide for designing advanced flexible and stretchable capacitive sensors via ingenious human‐made microstructures.
The advantages, disadvantages, and practical applications of several popular microstructures that are widely employed in capacitive sensors are summarized. A microstructured dielectric layer or electrode can improve sensor sensitivity, reduce hysteresis, and endow the rigid electronic device with excellent elastic stretchability, which is an essential part of next‐generation wearable devices and soft robots.
Previous studies evaluating the welfare cost of air pollution have not paid much attention to its potential effect on mental health and subjective well-being (SWB). This paper attempts to fill the ...gap by investigating the impact of air pollution on several key dimensions, including mental health status, depressive symptoms, moment-to-moment happiness, and evaluative happiness. We match a nationwide longitudinal survey in China with local air quality and rich weather conditions according to the exact time and place of survey. By making use of variations in exposure to air pollution for the same individuals over time, we show that air pollution reduces hedonic happiness and increases the rate of depressive symptoms, while life satisfaction has little to do with the immediate air quality. Our results shed light on air pollution as an important contributor to the Easterlin paradox that economic growth may not bring more happiness.
Combining immune checkpoint inhibitors with vascular endothelial growth factor/vascular endothelial growth factor receptor inhibitors is effective in treating a number of solid tumors; however, ...evidence in advanced gastric/gastroesophageal junction (G/GEJ) cancer is limited. This retrospective study included consecutive patients who received a programmed cell death protein 1 (PD‐1) inhibitor plus the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 inhibitor apatinib, second‐line or later to treat unresectable advanced or metastatic, histologically proven, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2–negative G/GEJ cancer in a single center between November 1, 2018, and March 31, 2021. Treatment was continued until the disease progressed or the toxicity became intolerable. We examined data from 52 patients. The primary tumor site was the stomach in 29 patients and the GEJ in 23 patients. PD‐1 inhibitors administered included camrelizumab (n = 28), sintilimab (n = 18), pembrolizumab (n = 3), and tislelizumab (n = 1), and all patients were given 200 mg every 3 weeks, and toripalimab (240 mg every 3 weeks) and nivolumab (200 mg every 2 weeks) were given to 1 patient each. For 28 days, apatinib 250 mg was administered orally once a day. The objective response rate was 15.4% (95% confidence interval CI, 6.9‐28.1), and the disease control rate was 61.5% (95%CI, 47.0‐74.7). After 14.8 months of median follow‐up, the median progression‐free survival was 4.2 months (95%CI, 2.6‐4.8), and the overall survival was 9.3 months (95%CI, 7.9‐12.9). Twelve patients underwent grade 3‐4 treatment‐related adverse events (23.1%). There was no unexpected toxicity or death. This trial demonstrated combination therapy with an anti–PD‐1 antibody and apatinib was effective and safe in patients with previously treated unresectable advanced or metastatic G/GEJ cancer.
The flexible Li‐air battery (FLAB) with ultrahigh energy density is a hopeful candidate for flexible energy storage devices. However, most current FLAB operate in a pure oxygen atmosphere, which is ...limited by safety and corrosion issues from the metallic lithium anode and has thus greatly impeded the application of FLAB. Now, inspired by the protection effect of the umbrella, a stable hydrophobic composite polymer electrolyte (SHCPE) film with high flexibility, hydrophobicity, and stability was fabricated to protect the lithium anode. The SHCPE mitigated lithium corrosion and improved the capacity, rate performance, and cycle life (from 24 cycles to 95 cycles) of a battery in the ambient air. Based on the protection of SHCPE and the catalysis of MnOOH, the prepared pouch‐type FLAB displayed high flexibility, stable performances, long cycling life (180 cycles), and excellent safety; the battery can bear soaking in water, high temperature, and nail penetration.
Hold up an umbrella! A stable hydrophobic composite polymer electrolyte inspired by umbrellas was designed and fabricated on a lithium anode for a flexible Li‐air battery that can safely operate in the ambient air. Based on the in situ fabricated multifunctional electrolyte, the pouch‐type flexible Li‐air battery showed stable electrochemical performance and safety even under extreme conditions.
Besides genome editing, CRISPR-Cas12a has recently been used for DNA detection applications with attomolar sensitivity but, to our knowledge, it has not been used for the detection of small ...molecules. Bacterial allosteric transcription factors (aTFs) have evolved to sense and respond sensitively to a variety of small molecules to benefit bacterial survival. By combining the single-stranded DNA cleavage ability of CRISPR-Cas12a and the competitive binding activities of aTFs for small molecules and double-stranded DNA, here we develop a simple, supersensitive, fast and high-throughput platform for the detection of small molecules, designated CaT-SMelor (CRISPR-Cas12a- and aTF-mediated small molecule detector). CaT-SMelor is successfully evaluated by detecting nanomolar levels of various small molecules, including uric acid and p-hydroxybenzoic acid among their structurally similar analogues. We also demonstrate that our CaT-SMelor directly measured the uric acid concentration in clinical human blood samples, indicating a great potential of CaT-SMelor in the detection of small molecules.
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