Extrapulmonary small cell carcinoma (EPSCC) is rare, and its knowledge is mainly extrapolated from small cell lung carcinoma. Reliable survival prediction tools are lacking.
A total of 3,921 cases of ...EPSCC were collected from the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database, which form the training and internal validation cohorts of the survival prediction model. The endpoint was an overall survival of 0.5-5 years. Internal validation performances of machine learning algorithms were compared, and the best model was selected. External validation (
= 68) was performed to evaluate the generalization ability of the selected model.
Among machine learning algorithms, the random forest model performs best on internal validation, whose area under the curve (AUC) is 0.736-0.800. The net benefit is higher than the TNM classification in decision curve analysis. The AUC of this model on the external validation cohort is 0.739-0.811. This model was then deployed online as a free, publicly available prediction tool of EPSCC (http://42.192.80.13:4399/).
This study provides an excellent online survival prediction tool for EPSCC with machine learning and large-scale data. Age, TNM stages, and surgery (including potential performance status information) are the most critical factors for the prediction model.
The electrochemical N2 fixation, which is far from practical application in aqueous solution under ambient conditions, is extremely challenging and requires a rational design of electrocatalytic ...centers. We observed that bismuth (Bi) might be a promising candidate for this task because of its weak binding with H adatoms, which increases the selectivity and production rate. Furthermore, we successfully synthesized defect‐rich Bi nanoplates as an efficient noble‐metal‐free N2 reduction electrocatalyst via a low‐temperature plasma bombardment approach. When exclusively using 1H NMR measurements with N2 gas as a quantitative testing method, the defect‐rich Bi(110) nanoplates achieved a 15NH3 production rate of 5.453 μg mgBi−1 h−1 and a Faradaic efficiency of 11.68 % at −0.6 V vs. RHE in aqueous solution at ambient conditions.
Beneficial defects: Defect‐rich bismuth nanoplates achieve a 15NH3 production rate of 5.453 μg mgBi−1 h−1 and a Faradaic efficiency of 11.68 % at −0.6 V vs. RHE in aqueous solutions at ambient conditions because of their poor binding with H adatoms, which increases the selectivity and production rate. Also, 1H NMR measurements with N2 gas ware used as a quantitative test method in aqueous electrolytes.
•Ce (Mn) incorporation improved the activity and hydrothermal stability of Cu-SSZ-39.•More active CuO crystallites and stronger acidity contribute high activity after Ce/Mn addition.•Stable ...structure, acidity and less large Cu oxides promote MnCu-SSZ-39 hydrothermally stable.•Cu2+ ion re-distribution to ion exchange sites during hydrothermal process over MnCu-SSZ-39.•NH3-SCR reaction over MnCu-SSZ-39 follows L–H”, E–R, and “Fast SCR” mechanisms.
In this work, Ce and Mn were added to Cu-SSZ-39 zeolites by ion-exchange process, and their activity performance for selective catalytic reduction of NOx with ammonia (NH3-SCR), especially hydrothermal stability (hydrothermal aging at 750, 800, 850 °C) was investigated systematically. It is found that the addition of Ce and Mn, Mn more evidently, both can greatly improve the activity of Cu-SSZ-39 catalyst. Moreover, MnCu-SSZ-39 catalyst have shown superior hydrothermal stability compared with Cu-SSZ-39 catalyst, and outstandingly its activity is not only not decreased significantly like Cu-SSZ-39 but improved obviously after hydrothermal aging at as high as 850 °C. The high and improved activity of Ce and Mn added Cu-SSZ-39 is ascribed to more active CuO crystallites formation in the inner channel and higher acidity strength. The superior hydrothermal stability of MnCu-SSZ-39 may be due to its well-preserved structure and acid density even after hydrothermal aging at as high as 850 °C. Moreover, during the hydrothermal aging process, not only Cu oxides aggregation is inhibited, but also more Cu2+ ion species are induced to ion exchange sites in MnCu-SSZ-39, which may account for its excellent hydrothermal stability (even higher than the activity of fresh samples). The mechanism analysis has shown NH3-SCR reaction over Cu-SSZ-39 and CeCu-SSZ-39 samples follow the “Langmuir–Hinshelwood” (L-H) mechanism, while on MnCu-SSZ-39, it follows both “L–H” and “Eley–Rideal” (E–R) mechanisms, which may also be another reason for its excellent activity and hydrothermal stability. Moreover, “Fast SCR” mechanisms also occur and contribute over hydrothermal aged A-MnCu-SSZ-39 sample, in addition to “L-H” and “E-R” mechanisms. Thus, the easily prepared MnCu-SSZ-39 catalyst has shown the excellent activity and super hydrothermal stability, with 90% NO conversion at 245 °C and broader temperature window of 245 °C to 550 °C, even after hydrothermal aging at 850 °C, therefore indicate great potential for future application in NOx purifying from diesel engine exhaust.
Probiotics are beneficial active microorganisms that colonize the human intestines and change the composition of the flora in particular parts of the host. Recently, the use of probiotics to regulate ...intestinal flora to improve host immunity has received widespread attention. Recent evidence has shown that probiotics play significant roles in gut microbiota composition, which can inhibit the colonization of pathogenic bacteria in the intestine, help the host build a healthy intestinal mucosa protective layer, and enhance the host immune system. Based on the close relationship between the gut microbiota and human immunity, it has become an extremely effective way to improve human immunity by regulating the gut microbiome with probiotics. In this review, we discussed the influence of probiotics on the gut microbiota and human immunity, and the relationship between immunity, probiotics, gut microbiota, and life quality. We further emphasized the regulation of gut microflora through probiotics, thereby enhancing human immunity and improving people’s lives.
In this paper, we propose and demonstrate a gas pressure fiber probe with high sensitivity magnified by Vernier effect. The probe is composed of two cascaded Fabry-Perot interferometers based on a ...SMF-SOHST-OFC structure (SMF: single-mode fiber; SOHST: side-opened hollow silica tube; OFC: optical fiber column). The high-frequency CO 2 laser drilling method for hollow silica tube can effectively maintain the transient balance of the air pressure inside and outside the cavity without destroying the reflective ends of the optical fibers. Experimental results show that the prepared fiber probe with the SOHST length of 375.2 μm and column length of 247.3 μm has high gas pressure sensitivity of 80.3 pm/kPa by demodulating Vernier envelope, and it has relatively low temperature cross-sensitivity of -1.33 kPa/°C. This sensor is highly sensitive and of compact size, which not only can be applied in gas pressure sensing but also has the potential for application in microfluidic detection.
A novel in situ replication and polymerization strategy is developed for the synthesis of Fe‐N‐doped mesoporous carbon microspheres (Fe‐NMCSs). This material benefits from the synergy between the ...high catalytic activity of Fe‐N‐C and the fast mass transport of the mesoporous microsphere structure. Compared to commercial Pt/C catalysts, the Fe‐NMCSs show a much better electrocatalytic performance in terms of higher catalytic activity, selectivity, and durability for the oxygen reduction reaction.
One of the main technologies to solve NOx pollution in vehicle exhaust is selective catalytic reduction. The Cu loaded SSZ-13 zeolites catalyst material is one of the most attractive catalytic ...materials used in this technology. Moreover, green synthesis route of copper based SSZ-13 without or less organic template agent using in order to promote its practical industrial application is a promising and meaningful research hotpot. In this paper, low-cost Cu-SSZ-13 zeolites were successfully synthesized by seed orientation method and evaluated for its catalytic properties of NOx reduction. The crystallization conditions and crystallization mechanism were systematically investigated. The results show that the amount of seed, the ratio of Si to Al, crystallization temperature, crystallization time and seed state (calcined or unroasted) all have effect on the synthesis of molecular sieve. With 10–20% SSZ-13 seeds adding, SSZ-13 zeolites at Si/Al ratio of 17.5–25 can be successfully prepared for hydrothermal treatment at 100 °C–120 °C for 2–6 days. And the optimum conditions for the synthesis of SSZ-13 zeolites by seed orientation method are as follows: using silica sol, aluminum sulfate, sodium hydroxide and deionized water as raw materials, and mixing them with the molar ratio of SiO2:Al2O3:Na2O:H2O = 40:1:16:900; taking the 15% unroasted SSZ-13 as seed, high purity SSZ-13 molecular sieve can be obtained by crystallization at 100 °C for 4 days. The results of crystallization mechanism investigations show that the synthesis of zeolites by seed-guided method is in accordance with the “core-shell” growth mechanism that the Si source and Al source continue to grow on the seed substrate in the Crystallization process. The copper loaded SSZ-13 zeolites by ion exchange method showed good selective catalytic reduction performance of NOx, which is compared to the activity of Cu-SSZ-13 zeolites prepared using traditional organic template agent. Thus, the low-cost seed-assisted, organic template agent-free synthesis of Cu-SSZ-13 zeolite has very promising application prospect in future NOx purification in vehicle exhaust.
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•Green Cu-SSZ-13seed was successfully synthesized by seed orientation method.•Cu-SSZ-13seed shows excellent NOx removal performance and promising applications.•The optimum synthesis conditions and crystallization mechanism were investigated.•The seed-oriented synthesis of SSZ-13 follows a core-shell growth mechanism.
The Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence (SETI) attempts to address the possibility of the presence of technological civilizations beyond the Earth. Benefiting from high sensitivity, large sky ...coverage, and an innovative feed cabin for China's Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope (FAST), we performed SETI's first observations with FAST's newly commissioned 19 beam receiver; we report preliminary results in this paper. Using the data stream produced by the SERENDIP VI real-time multibeam SETI spectrometer installed at FAST, as well as its off-line data processing pipelines, we identify and remove four kinds of radio frequency interference (RFI): zone, broadband, multibeam, and drifting, utilizing the Nebula SETI software pipeline combined with machine-learning algorithms. After RFI mitigation, the Nebula pipeline identifies and ranks interesting narrowband candidate ET signals, scoring candidates by the number of times candidate signals have been seen at roughly the same sky position and same frequency, signal strength, proximity to a nearby star or object of interest, along with several other scoring criteria. We show four example candidate groups that demonstrate this RFI mitigation and candidate selection. This preliminary testing on FAST data helps to validate our SETI instrumentation techniques as well as our data processing pipeline.
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) ubiquitously exist in mammalian cells to participate in various cellular signaling pathways. The intracellular ROS levels are dependent on the dynamic balance between ...ROS generation and elimination. In this review, we summarize reported studies about the influences of magnetic fields (MFs) on ROS levels. Although in most cases, MFs increased ROS levels in human, mouse, rat cells, and tissues, there are also studies showing that ROS levels were decreased or not affected by MFs. Multiple factors could cause these discrepancies, including but not limited to MF type/intensity/frequency, exposure time and assay time-point, as well as different biological samples examined. It will be necessary to investigate the influences of different MFs on ROS in various biological samples systematically and mechanistically, which will be helpful for people to get a more complete understanding about MF-induced biological effects. In addition, reviewing the roles of MFs in ROS modulation may open up new scenarios of MF application, which could be further and more widely adopted into clinical applications, particularly in diseases that ROS have documented pathophysiological roles.
Polydopamine (PDA), which is biodegradable and is derived from naturally occurring products, can be employed as an electrode material, wherein controllable partial oxidization plays a key role in ...balancing the proportion of redox‐active carbonyl groups and the structural stability and conductivity. Unexpectedly, the optimized PDA derivative endows lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) or sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) with superior electrochemical performances, including high capacities (1818 mAh g−1 for LIBs and 500 mAh g−1 for SIBs) and good stable cyclabilities (93 % capacity retention after 580 cycles for LIBs; 100 % capacity retention after 1024 cycles for SIBs), which are much better than those of their counterparts with conventional binders.
Mussel power: A polydopamine‐derived material can act as both electrode and binder material for lithium‐ion and sodium‐ion batteries, and exhibits superior electrochemical performances including high capacity and stable cyclability. The material is synthesized by the oxidative polymerization of dopamine, which is both naturally occurring and biodegradable.
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