Previous studies revealed that LiNO3 can enhance the cyclic stability of lithium‑sulfur (LiS) batteries by creating a solid electrolyte interface protecting the lithium electrode. However, this study ...investigated the effect of LiNO3 and concentration in the electrolyte, first studied under low and high sulfur loading. It is confirmed that adding a small amount of LiNO3 inhibits the shuttle effect phenomenon in LiS batteries, and the Coulombic efficiency was significantly improved. Appropriately increasing the concentration of LiNO3 to 2 % could prolong the cycle life. However, when LiNO3 is excessive, the rate and cycling performance decrease. The design of practical LiS batteries requires more research on the parameters of electrolyte additives under high‑sulfur-loading conditions. After gradient increasing the sulfur loading, the low concentration of LiNO3 cannot play the best performance of the battery, so it is necessary to improve the concentration of LiNO3 further. It is evident that adding LiNO3 in LiS batteries has certain benefits, and the optimal amount of additive is related to the value of sulfur loading.
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•Guide to the use of lithium nitrate with high sulfur loading•Expanding the applicability of lithium nitrate for further practical use•Systematic study of the behavior of lithium nitrate additive in a lithium-sulfur battery•An efficient approach for designing high-performance LiS batteries
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 breakthrough infection in highly vaccinated populations raises study on the effectiveness for inactivated vaccine, including effectiveness of the ...vaccine dose, the continuance of effectiveness, the effectiveness against severe/critical coronavirus disease 2019 and against secondary attacks. A population of 10 870 close contacts were investigated in a Delta variant's epidemic. The effectiveness of vaccination was estimated in a test‐negative case–control study. In addition, serum was used to detect neutralizing antibodies, to explore their correlation to effectiveness. The vaccine effectiveness (VE) values were estimated for populations aged 12 years or older. The overall adjusted VE was 56.2% and a two‐dose vaccine was more effective than a one‐dose vaccine (56.7% vs. 43.8%). In addition, the population that got the second dose vaccine within 2 months showed higher VE than the population vaccinated for longer than 2 months (61.5% vs. 52.3%). Among the population who vaccinated 2 doses or within 2 months, a higher level of neutralizing antibodies was observed. For infected cases, vaccinated populations showed lower rates of transmission (2.63% vs. 4.36%). Further, those vaccinated cases, who were not found causing transmission, had a higher level of antibodies. The study provided a full view of the effectiveness of inactivated vaccines in a real‐world setting. The time‐related VE against infection and lower transmission of breakthrough vaccinated cases were observed, which may indicate that a necessity of a booster vaccine to maintain the effectiveness and high level of neutralizing antibody.
Dunaliella salina is well known for its ability to accumulate large amounts of β‐carotene. Myo‐inositol (MI) enhances the biomass production of D. salina, but the underlying mechanisms were unclear. ...The present study showed that the concentration of exogenous MI decreased gradually and reached a constant level at the 4th day of cultivation. MI enhanced the contents of total colored carotenoids and the activity of photosystem II. Metabolic profiles were significantly changed after the addition of exogenous MI, as revealed by multivariate statistical analysis. The metabolites could be categorized into four groups based on the relative levels in different samples. Exogenous MI increased the levels of most detected sugars, amino acids, and total saturated and unsaturated fatty acids. Based on the physiological and metabolic analyses, a hypothetical growth‐promoting model that MI promotes the growth of D. salina TG by increasing the levels of key metabolites and possibly enhancing photosynthesis, was proposed. This study provides valuable information for understanding the growth‐promoting mechanisms of MI in D. salina from the metabolic perspective.
•In this work, We used the pseudoviruses and euvirus neutralization assay to evaluate the value of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody tests in a population of 10776 close contacts in the Delta variant epidemic ...of Fujian. And the results showed that neutralizing antibodies detected by Wantai bio. or Yahuilong bio. can get the level of 0.93 or 0.82 in correlation with euvirus neutralization assay. The findings of this study demonstrate that the detections of antibodies have profound value in the diagnosis of COVID-19.
Nucleic acid detection represents limitations due to its false-negative rate and technical complexity in the COVID-19 pandemic. Anti-severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) antibody tests are widely spread all over the world presently. However, there is no report on the effectiveness of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody testing methods in China.
We gathered 10776 serum samples from close contacts of the SARS-CoV-2 infections in Fujian of China and used 2 chemiluminescence immunoassays (Wantai Bio., Yahuilong Bio.) and 2 lateral flow immunoassays (Lizhu Bio. and Dongfang Bio.) to perform the anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody tests in China.
The 4 antibody tests have great diagnostic value for infected or uninfected, especially in the neutralizing antibodies tests, the AUC can reach 0.939 (Wantai Bio.) and 0.916 (Yahuilong Bio.). Furthermore, we used pseudoviruses and euvirus neutralization assay to validate the effectiveness of these antibody test, the results of pseudoviruses neutralization assay or euvirus neutralization assay shows a considerable correlation with the 4 antibody detection respectively, particularly in euvirus neutralization assay, neutralizing antibodies detected by Wantai Bio. or Yahuilong Bio., the correlation can get the level of 0.93 or 0.82.
The findings of this study demonstrate that the detections of antibodies have profound value in the diagnosis of COVID-19.
Summary
Algal cultivation is a potential candidate for
CO
2
mitigation.
CO
2
plays important roles in mass cultivation of algae, including supplying carbon source and adjusting medium
pH
. To assess ...the possibility of using edible cyanobacterium
N
ostoc flagelliforme
as carbon storage device, the growth characteristics of
N
. flagelliforme
batch cultured under elevated
CO
2
concentrations (0, 2.5, 5, 20, and 40%) were investigated in this study. Results showed that the net photosynthetic rate, efficiency and carbon sequestration rate at 20%
CO
2
were increased at a maximum of 121 μmol O
2
(mg chl
a
)
−1
h
−1
8.40% and 0.17 g CO
2
L
−1
day
−1
, and increased by 0.42, 1.03 and 1.13 folds compared with that of the control, respectively. Higher
CO
2
concentration resulted in the declines in photosynthetic rate, efficiency and carbon sequestration rate because of medium
pH
reduction. Accordingly, the dry cell weight, amount of exopolysaccharides and protein content of
N
. flagelliforme
cells at 20%
CO
2
were obtained at a maximum of 1.45 g L
−1
, 54.98 mg L
−1
and 57.75%, increased by 0.93, 0.29 and 0.8 folds compared with that of the control, respectively. These results provided important information for
CO
2
mitigation by
N
. flagelliforme
and would shed more light on elucidating the mechanisms of
CO
2
tolerance in cyanobacterium.
Edge effects are predicted to significantly impact the properties of low dimensional materials with layered structures. The synthesis of low dimensional materials with copious edges is desired for ...exploring the effects of edges on the band structure and properties of these materials. Here we developed an approach for synthesizing MoS2 nanobelts terminated with vertically aligned edges by sulfurizing hydrothermally synthesized MoO3 nanobelts in the gas phase through a kinetically driven process; we then investigated the electrical and magnetic properties of these metastable materials. These edge-terminated MoS2 nanobelts were found to be metallic and ferromagnetic, and thus dramatically different from the semiconducting and nonmagnetic two-dimensional （2D） and three-dimensional （3D） 2H-MoS2 materials. The transitions in electrical and magnetic properties elucidate the fact that edges can tune the properties of low dimensional materials. The unique structure and properties of this one-dimensional （1D） MoS2 material will enable its applications in electronics, spintronics, and catalysis.
The traditional fuzzy c-means clustering algorithm is easy to trap in local optimums as its sensitive selection of the initial cluster centers. For overcoming this disadvantage, this paper presents a ...fuzzy c-means algorithm combined an improved artificial bee colony algorithm with the strategy of rank fitness selection. The strategy is aimed to increase the selection probability of the individual with better fitness. The proposed algorithm combines the advantages of the high efficiency of fuzzy c-means algorithm and the global search ability of the artificial bee colony algorithm. The experiment and analysis results demonstrate that the algorithm can solve the optimization problem of the initial cluster centers with high robustness and better quality of clustering.
With the increasing popularity of smart homes, more and more devices need to connect to home networks. Traditional home networks mainly rely on centralized networking, where an excessive number of ...devices in the centralized topology can increase the pressure on the central router, potentially leading to decreased network performance metrics such as communication latency. To address the latency performance issues brought about by centralized networks, this paper proposes a new network system called DHNet, and designs an algorithm for clustering networking and communication based on vector routing. Communication within clusters in a simulated virtual environment achieves a latency of approximately 0.7 milliseconds. Furthermore, by directly using the first non-"lo" network card address of a device as the protocol's network layer address, the protocol avoids the several tens of milliseconds of access latency caused by DHCP. The integration of service discovery functionality into the network layer protocol is achieved through a combination of "server-initiated service push" and "client request + server reply" methods. Compared to traditional application-layer DNS passive service discovery, the average latency is reduced by over 50%. The PVH protocol is implemented in the user space using the Go programming language, with implementation details drawn from Google's gVisor project. The code has been ported from x86\_64 Linux computers to devices such as OpenWrt routers and Android smartphones. The PVH protocol can communicate through "tunnels" to provide IP compatibility, allowing existing applications based on TCP/IP to communicate using the PVH protocol without requiring modifications to their code.
ZnO/PMMA inorganic/organic composite microspheres were synthesized with a yield of 83 wt% via soap less emulsion polymerization. The hydrophobic ZnO nanoparticles were modified by oleic acid (OA), ...which could improve the compatibility between ZnO nanoparticles and methyl methacrylate (MMA) monomer in emulsion system. The existence of ZnO was indicated by the XRD characteristic peaks of the composite microshperes. The TEM micrographs showed that the morphology of the composite microspheres was uniform and ZnO nanoparticles could be encapsulated in the PMMA polymer microspheres. When the ZnO nanoparticles participated in the polymerization process, the surface morphology of composites microspheres changed from smooth to grooved which was characterized by FESEM. In addition, the fluorescence property of the ZnO/PMMA composites became stronger with the increasing amount of ZnO nanoparticles and the fluorescence absorption was stronger than that of pure ZnO.
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