As China’s first X-ray astronomical satellite, the Hard X-ray Modulation Telescope (HXMT), which was dubbed as
Insight
-HXMT after the launch on June 15, 2017, is a wide-band (1-250 keV) ...slat-collimator-based X-ray astronomy satellite with the capability of all-sky monitoring in 0.2-3 MeV. It was designed to perform pointing, scanning and gamma-ray burst (GRB) observations and, based on the Direct Demodulation Method (DDM), the image of the scanned sky region can be reconstructed. Here we give an overview of the mission and its progresses, including payload, core sciences, ground calibration/facility, ground segment, data archive, software, in-orbit performance, calibration, background model, observations and some preliminary results.
Excessive activation of the coagulation system leads to life-threatening disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). Here, we examined the mechanisms underlying the activation of coagulation by ...lipopolysaccharide (LPS), the major cell-wall component of Gram-negative bacteria. We found that caspase-11, a cytosolic LPS receptor, activated the coagulation cascade. Caspase-11 enhanced the activation of tissue factor (TF), an initiator of coagulation, through triggering the formation of gasdermin D (GSDMD) pores and subsequent phosphatidylserine exposure, in a manner independent of cell death. GSDMD pores mediated calcium influx, which induced phosphatidylserine exposure through transmembrane protein 16F, a calcium-dependent phospholipid scramblase. Deletion of Casp11, ablation of Gsdmd, or neutralization of phosphatidylserine or TF prevented LPS-induced DIC. In septic patients, plasma concentrations of interleukin (IL)-1α and IL-1β, biomarkers of GSDMD activation, correlated with phosphatidylserine exposure in peripheral leukocytes and DIC scores. Our findings mechanistically link immune recognition of LPS to coagulation, with implications for the treatment of DIC.
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•Deletion of caspase-11 prevents disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) in sepsis•Deletion of GSDMD prevents caspase-11- and TF-mediated DIC in endotoxemia•GSDMD deficiency inhibits endotoxin-induced TF activation by reducing PS exposure•Activation of GSDMD by caspase-11 triggers Ca2+-dependent PS exposure through TMEM16F
Excessive activation of the coagulation system by endotoxin leads to life-threatening disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). Yang, Cheng et al. reveal that caspase-11, a cytosolic LPS receptor, activates the coagulation cascade by enhancing the activation of tissue factor, an initiator of coagulation, through triggering the formation of gasdermin (GASMD) pores and subsequent phosphatidylserine exposure, in a manner independent of cell death.
Here, we will introduce the progress of g-C3N4 photocatalysts in hydrogen production from the aspects of changing the ratio of C and N, morphology, element doping and constructing heterostructures. ...Discuss the excellent results of various types of photocatalysts.
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g-C3N4 have been widely used in the fields of photocatalytic hydrogen production, photocatalytic degradation of dyes and oxidative degradation of toxic gases due to their excellent performance. It has attracted extensive attention in recent years due to its highly efficient photocatalytic capacity of hydrogen generation, water oxidation, carbon dioxide reduction and degradation of organic pollutants. Because of the abundant carbon and nitrogen composition of the earth, large-scale production and industrial applications of this material are possible. The modification of this material makes its performance more excellent so that this new material can obtain a steady stream of vitality. These outstanding works have become important materials and milestones on the road to mankind’s photocatalytic hydrogen production. This review will begin with the basic idea of designing, synthesizing and improving g-C3N4 based photocatalytic materials, and introduce the latest development of g-C3N4 photocatalysts in hydrogen production from four aspects of controlling the carbon/nitrogen ratio, morphology, element doping and heterojunction structure of g-C3N4 materials.
A spectrum-resolved dual-color electrochemiluminescence (ECL) immunoassay was designed and implemented to simultaneously detect carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and alpha fetoprotein (AFP) with CdTe ...(λmax = 776 nm) and CdSe (λmax = 550 nm) nanocrystals (NCs) as ECL tags. The CdTe and CdSe NCs were labeled with respective probe antibodies (Ab2) of CEA and AFP, respectively, and then immobilized onto the working electrode surface via sandwich-type immunoreactions. Both CdTe and CdSe NCs within the NCs immunocomplexes can be electrochemically reduced and simultaneously give off monochromatic ECL emissions in the near-infrared and greenish regions, respectively, when (NH4)2S2O8 was used as a cathodic ECL coreactant. The ECL spectra of the two surface-confined NCs were well separated and had no cross energy-transfer interactions, which made the dual-color immunoassay highly selective and sensitive toward respective target analytes. With the proposed ECL biosensor, CEA and AFP were simultaneously detected and quantified with an extremely low detection limit of 1 pg/mL for CEA and 10 fg/mL for AFP, respectively. This work demonstrated the probability of performing multianalyte assays via a spectrum-resolved ECL strategy with improved sensitivity and signal-to-noise ratio as compared to NCs-based fluorescent multianalyte assays.
The presence of a direct band gap and high carrier mobility in few-layer black phosphorus (BP) offers opportunities for using this material for infrared (IR) light detection. However, the poor air ...stability of BP and its large contact resistance with metals pose significant challenges to the fabrication of highly efficient IR photodetectors with long lifetimes. In this work, we demonstrate a graphene–BP heterostructure photodetector with ultrahigh responsivity and long-term stability at IR wavelengths. In our device architecture, the top layer of graphene functions not only as an encapsulation layer but also as a highly efficient transport layer. Under illumination, photoexcited electron–hole pairs generated in BP are separated and injected into graphene, significantly reducing the Schottky barrier between BP and the metal electrodes and leading to efficient photocurrent extraction. The graphene–BP heterostructure phototransistor exhibits a long-term photoresponse at near-infrared wavelength (1550 nm) with an ultrahigh photoresponsivity (up to 3.3 × 103 A W–1), a photoconductive gain (up to 1.13 × 109), and a rise time of about 4 ms. Considering the thickness-dependent band gap in BP, this material represents a powerful photodetection platform that is able to sustain high performance in the IR wavelength regime with potential applications in remote sensing, biological imaging, and environmental monitoring.
Hollow silica confined defective molybdenum oxide catalysts showed excellent catalytic activity and the desulfurization efficiency reached 100% with H2O2 as an oxidant.
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•Hollow silica ...confined defective molybdenum oxide catalyst was synthesized successfully.•Compared with solid silica supported catalyst, the confined catalyst has better catalytic performance.•Deep desulfurization of DBT and 4-DMDBT can be achieved under mild conditions.•The confined catalyst can be recycled at least for five times.
Hollow nanomaterials are considered to be excellent carriers due to the nanoreactor confinement effect, which can improve the performance of the supported catalysts. In this work, a hollow silica confined defective molybdenum oxide catalyst (MoOx/HS) was obtained by using phosphomolybdic acid grafted polystyrenes as the templates. Compared with solid silica-supported catalyst (MoO3/SS), MoOx/HS could make better use of active components to achieve complete desulfurization. The calculated turnover value (TON) of MoOx/HS was 1.37 mol/mol, which is three times more than that of MoO3/SS. The presence of oxygen defects also facilitated the oxidation reaction. In addition, the catalyst MoOx/HS had good stability and selectivity, and the desulfurization rate of dibenzothiophene (DBT) remained 95.3% after being recycled for 5 times.
The Medium Energy X-ray telescope (ME) is one of the three main telescopes on board the
Insight
hard X-ray modulation telescope (
Insight-
HXMT) astronomy satellite. ME contains 1728 pixels of Si-PIN ...detectors sensitive in 5–30 keV with a total geometrical area of 952 cm
2
. The application specific integrated circuit (ASIC) chip, VA32TA6, is used to achieve low power consumption and low readout noise. The collimators define three kinds of field of views (FOVs) for the telescope, 1°×4°, 4°×4°, and blocked ones. Combination of such FOVs can be used to estimate the in-orbit X-ray and particle background components. The energy resolution of ME is ~3 keV at 17.8 keV (FWHM) and the time resolution is 255 μs. In this paper, we introduce the design and performance of ME.
Tissue inhibitor matrix metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP1) plays a vital role in carcinogenesis, yet its precise functional roles and regulation remain unclear. In this study, we aim to investigate its ...biological function and clinical significance in human colon cancer.
We analyzed the expression of TIMP1 in both public database (Oncomine and TCGA) and 94 cases of primary colon cancer and matched normal colon tissue specimens. The underlying mechanisms of altered TIMP1 expression on cell tumorigenesis, proliferation, and metastasis were explored in vitro and in vivo.
TIMP1 was overexpressed in colon tumorous tissues and lymph node metastasis specimens than in normal tissues. The aberrant expression of TIMP1 was significantly associated with the regional lymph node metastasis (p = 0.033), distant metastasis (p = 0.039), vascular invasion (p = 0.024) and the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) stage (p = 0.026). Cox proportional hazards model showed that TIMP1 was an independent prognostic indicator of disease-free survival (HR = 2.603, 95 % CI: 1.115-6.077, p = 0.027) and overall survival (HR = 2.907, 95 % CI: 1.254-6.737, p = 0.013) for patients with colon cancer. Consistent with this, our findings highlight that suppression of TIMP1 expression decreased proliferation, and metastasis but increased apoptosis by inducing TIMP1 specific regulated FAK-PI3K/AKT and MAPK pathway.
TIMP1 might play an important role in promoting tumorigenesis and metastasis of human colon cancer and function as a potential prognostic indicator for colon cancer.
Background: Low temperature pose significant challenges to peach cultivation, causing severe damage to peach buds and restricting production and distribution. Ethylene, an important phytohormone, ...plays a critical role in enhancing plant cold resistance. Structural genes and transcription factors involved in ethylene biosynthesis and signal transduction pathways are associated with cold resistance. However, no research has specifically addressed their roles in peach cold resistance. Methods: In this study, we aimed for cold-resistance gene discovery in cold-sensitive peach cultivar “21Shiji” (21SJ) and cold-resistance cultivar “Shijizhixing” (SJZX) using RNA-seq and gas chromatography. Results: The findings revealed that under cold stress conditions, ethylene biosynthesis in “SJZX” was significantly induced. Subsequently, a structural gene, PpACO1-1 , involved in ethylene biosynthesis in peach buds was significantly upregulated and showed a higher correlation with ethylene release rate. To identify potential transcription factors associated with PpACO1-1 expression and ethylene signal transduction, weighted gene co-expression network analysis was conducted using RNA-seq data. Four transcription factors: PpERF2 , PpNAC078 , PpWRKY65 and PpbHLH112 , were identified. Conclusion: These findings provide valuable theoretical insights for investigating the regulatory mechanisms of peach cold resistance and guiding breeding strategies.
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