Manipulating spin polarization of electrons in nonmagnetic semiconductors by means of electric fields or optical fields is an essential theme of the conceptual nonmagnetic semiconductor-based ...spintronics. Here we experimentally demonstrate an electric method of detecting spin polarization in monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) generated by circularly polarized optical pumping. The spin-polarized photocurrent is achieved through the valleydependent optical selection rules and the spin–valley locking in monolayer WS₂, and electrically detected by a lateral spin–valve structure with ferromagnetic contacts. The demonstrated long spin–valley lifetime, the unique valley-contrasted physics, and the spin–valley locking make monolayer WS₂ an unprecedented candidate for semiconductor-based spintronics.
To explore the clinical characteristics, postnatal treatment and prognosis of giant fetal hepatic hemangioma (GFHH).
Retrospective analysis was performed on children with giant fetal hepatic ...hemangioma (maximum tumor diameter > 40 mm) diagnosed by prenatal ultrasound and MRI from December 2016 to December 2020. These patients were observed and treated at the Children's Hospital of Fudan University after birth. The clinical data were collected to analyze the clinical characteristics, treatment, and prognosis of GFHH using independent sample t tests or Fisher's exact tests.
Twenty-nine patients who were detected by routine ultrasound in the second and third trimester of pregnancy with giant fetal hepatic hemangiomas were included. The first prenatal ultrasound diagnosis of gestational age was 34.0 ± 4.3 weeks, ranging from 22 to 39 weeks. Of the patients, 28 had focal GFHHs and 1 had multifocal GFHHs. Surgery was performed, and the diagnosis was confirmed histopathologically in two patients. There were 8 cases with echocardiography-based evidence of pulmonary hypertension, 11 cases had a cardiothoracic ratio > 0.6, and 4 cases had hepatic arteriovenous fistula (AVF). The median follow-up time was 37 months (range: 14-70 months). During the follow-up, 12 patients received medical treatment with propranolol as the first-line therapy. The treatment group had a higher ratio of cardiothoracic ratio > 0.6 (P = 0.022) and lower albumin levels (P = 0.018). Four (14.8%) lesions showed postnatal growth before involuting. Complete response was observed in 13 (13/29) patients, and partial response was observed in 16 (16/29) patients.
Fetal giant hepatic hemangioma is mainly localized, and its clinical outcome conforms to RICH (rapidly involuting) and PICH (partially involuting), but some fetal giant hepatic hemangiomas will continue to grow after birth and then gradually decrease. For uncomplicated giant fetal hepatic hemangioma, postnatal follow-up is the main concern, while those with complications require aggressive medical treatment. Propranolol may have no effect on the volume change of GFHH.
Main conclusion
Exogenous SA treatment at appropriate concentrations promotes adventitious root formation in cucumber hypocotyls, via competitive inhibiting the IAA-Asp synthetase activity of ...CsGH3.5, and increasing the local free IAA level.
Adventitious root formation is critical for the cutting propagation of horticultural plants. Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) has been shown to play a central role in regulating this process, while for salicylic acid (SA), its exact effects and regulatory mechanism have not been elucidated. In this study, we showed that exogenous SA treatment at the concentrations of both 50 and 100 µM promoted adventitious root formation at the base of the hypocotyl of cucumber seedlings. At these concentrations, SA could induce the expression of
CYCLIN
and
Cyclin-dependent Kinase
(
CDK
) genes during adventitious rooting. IAA was shown to be involved in SA-induced adventitious root formation in cucumber hypocotyls. Exposure to exogenous SA led to a slight increase in the free IAA content, and pre-treatment with the auxin transport inhibitor 1-naphthylphthalamic acid (NPA) almost completely abolished the inducible effects of SA on adventitious root number. SA-induced IAA accumulation was also associated with the enhanced expression of
Gretchen Hagen3.5
(
CsGH3.5
). The in vitro enzymatic assay indicated that CsGH3.5 has both IAA- and SA-amido synthetase activity and prefers aspartate (Asp) as the amino acid conjugate. The Asp concentration dictated the functional activity of CsGH3.5 on IAA. Both affinity and catalytic efficiency (
K
cat
/
K
m
) increased when the Asp concentration increased from 0.3 to 1 mM. In contrast, CsGH3.5 showed equal catalytic efficiency for SA at low and high Asp concentrations. Furthermore, SA functioned as a competitive inhibitor of the IAA-Asp synthetase activity of CsGH3.5. During adventitious formation, SA application indeed repressed the IAA-Asp levels in the rooting zone. These data show that SA plays an inducible role in adventitious root formation in cucumber through competitive inhibition of the auxin conjugation enzyme CsGH3.5. SA reduces the IAA conjugate levels, thereby increasing the local free IAA level and ultimately enhancing adventitious root formation.
In order to properly reuse food waste and remove various contaminants from wastewater, the development of green, sustainable and clean technologies has demonstrated potential in the efficient ...inhibition of secondary pollution to the environment. In this study, an economical and green method was used to prepare biochar from crisp persimmon peel (CPP) using flash-vacuum pyrolysis at different temperatures (200–700 °C; referred to as CPP200–CPP700). CPP200 has high polarity, low aromaticity and high oxygen-containing functional groups that exhibit superior MB adsorption capabilities. CPP200 that was prepared at a relatively low temperature of 200 °C exhibited a high adsorption capacity of 59.72 mg/g toward methylene blue (MB), which was relatively higher than that for alizarin yellow R (4.05 mg/g) and neutral red (39.08 mg/g), indicating that CPP200 possesses a higher adsorption selectivity for cationic dyes. Kinetics investigation revealed that the kinetic data of CPP200 for the adsorption of MB was better fitted by a linear pseudo-second-order model. Isothermal studies indicated that the linear Langmuir model was more suitable for describing the adsorption process. The adsorption thermodynamics illustrated that the adsorption of MB onto CPP200 was spontaneous and endothermic. EDS and IR analyses of CPP200 for both pre- and post-adsorption of MB showed that electrostatic interactions between oxygen-containing groups on biochar and target MB dominated the adsorption procedure, in addition to hydrogen bonding interactions. Reusability tests confirmed the excellent regeneration characteristics of CPP200, indicating that CPP200 may be used as a green, sustainable, highly efficient and recyclable adsorbent for the selective removal of cationic organic dyes.
Background
Antiangiogenesis tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have been shown to prolong progression‐free survival (PFS) in advanced osteosarcoma. Methylsulfonic apatinib is a TKI that specifically ...inhibits vascular endothelial growth factor receptor‐2. We aim to assess apatinib in patients with advanced high‐grade osteosarcoma progressing upon chemotherapy.
Materials and Methods
This phase II trial was conducted at Peking University People's Hospital. We enrolled participants (≥16 years of age) with progressive relapsed or unresectable osteosarcoma. Participants received 750 mg or 500 mg of apatinib according to body surface area once daily until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. The primary endpoint was objective response rate and PFS at 4 months.
Results
A total of 37 participants were finally included into the analysis. Until final follow‐up, the objective response rate (complete response + partial response) was 43.24% (16/37). The 4‐month PFS rate was 56.76% (95% confidence interval CI, 39.43%–70.84%). Median PFS and overall survival were 4.50 (95% CI, 3.47–6.27) and 9.87 (95% CI 7.97–18.93) months, respectively. Toxic effects led to dose reductions or interruptions in a total of 25 of 37 (67.57%) patients. The most common grade 3–4 adverse events were pneumothorax in six (16.22%) patients, wound dehiscence in four (10.81%), proteinuria in three (8.11%), diarrhea in three (8.11%), and palmar‐plantar erythrodysesthesia syndrome in three (8.11%). No other serious adverse events were reported during the trial. There were no treatment‐related deaths.
Conclusion
Apatinib is a sensitive drug for advanced osteosarcoma with a high response rate after failure of chemotherapy, with similar duration of response compared to other TKIs.
Implications for Practice
For advanced osteosarcoma progressing upon chemotherapy, antiangiogenesis tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have been proved to be effective in prolonging the progression‐free survival in previous multicenter trials and have been included into new National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines as second‐line therapy. Apatinib is a TKI that specifically inhibits vascular endothelial growth factor receptor‐2, which is domestically made in China. This phase II trial supports the use of apatinib in patients with advanced osteosarcoma progressing after chemotherapy.
摘要
背景。抗血管生成酪氨酸激酶抑制剂 (TKI) 已被证明可以在治疗晚期骨肉瘤时延长无进展生存期 (PFS)。甲磺酸阿帕替尼是一种可以特异性抑制血管内皮生长因子受体‐2 的 TKI。我们旨在于对经过化疗后出现疾病进展的晚期高级别骨肉瘤患者进行阿帕替尼评估。
材料和方法。本次 II 期试验于北京大学人民医院进行。我们招募了出现进展性复发或不可切除骨肉瘤的参与者(年龄 ≥16 岁)。根据体表面积的不同，参与者们每天服用一次 750 mg 或 500 mg 的阿帕替尼，直至出现疾病进展或不可接受的毒性。主要终点为客观缓解率和 4 个月 PFS。
结果。最终，我们一共将 37 名参与者纳入分析。直到最终随访时，客观缓解率(完全缓解 + 部分缓解)为 43.24% (16/37)。4 个月 PFS 率为 56.76% 95% 置信区间 (CI)，39.43%–70.84%。中位 PFS 和总生存期分别为 4.50 个月(95% CI，3.47–6.27)和 9.87 个月(95% CI，7.97–18.93)。毒性作用导致 37 名患者中的 25 名患者 (67.57%) 出现剂量减少或试验中断。最常见的 3–4 级不良反应如下:6 名患者 (16.22%) 出现气胸，4 名患者 (10.81%) 出现伤口裂开，3 名患者 (8.11%) 出现蛋白尿，3 名患者 (8.11%) 出现腹泻，以及 3 名患者 (8.11%) 出现手足综合征。在试验期间未报告其他重度不良反应。无治疗相关的死亡。
结论。阿帕替尼是一种治疗晚期骨肉瘤的敏感药物，在化疗失败后的缓解率较高，与其他 TKI 相比，具有相似的反应持续时间。
实践意义:对于经过化疗后出现疾病进展的晚期骨肉瘤，抗血管生成酪氨酸激酶抑制剂 (TKI) 在先前的多中心试验中已被证明可以有效地延长无进展生存期，并已作为二线治疗被收录在全新的国家综合癌症网络指南之中。阿帕替尼是一种在中国生产的可以特异性抑制血管内皮生长因子受体‐2 的 TKI。本次 II 期试验支持在经过化疗后出现疾病进展的晚期骨肉瘤患者中使用阿帕替尼。
The prognosis of advanced osteosarcoma after failure of standard multimodal therapy is dismal. This article reports the results of a study that investigated the activity of apatinb in inoperable high‐grade osteosarcoma progressing upon chemotherapy.
Mesenchymal chondrosarcoma(MCS) is a rare high-grade variant of chondrosarcoma. Consensus has not been reached on its optimal management. Resection with wide margins is usually recommended, but the ...effect of margins has been demonstrated by little positive evidence. Moreover, the effectiveness of adjuvant chemo- and/or radiotherapy remains controversial.
To describe the clinical characteristics and outcomes of MCS of bone and soft tissue, to assess the efficacies of surgery, chemotherapy and radiation, and finally to deliver a more appropriate therapy.
We reviewed EMBASE-, MEDLINE-, Cochrane-, Ovid- and PubMed-based to find out all cases of MCS of bone and soft tissue described between April 1994 and April 2014. Description of treatment and regular follow-up was required for each study. Language was restricted to English and Chinese. Issues of age, gender, location, metastasis, and treatment were all evaluated for each case. Kaplan-Meier Method and Cox Proportional Hazard Regression Model were used in the survival analysis.
From the 630 identified publications, 18 meeting the inclusion criteria were selected, involving a total of 107 patients. Based on these data, the 5-, 10-and 20-year overall survival are 55.0%, 43.5% and 15.7% respectively. The 5-, 10-, 20- year event-free survival rates are 45.0%, 27.2% and 8.1%, respectively. Treatment without surgery is associated with poorer overall survival and event-free survival. Negative surgical margins could significantly bring down the local-recurrence rate and are associated with a higher event-free survival rate. Chemotherapy regime based on anthracyclines does not benefit the overall survival. The addition of radiation therapy is not significantly associated with the overall or event-free survival. However, we recommend radiation as the salvage therapy for patients with positive margin so as to achieve better local control.
This review shows that surgery is essential in the management of MCS of bone and soft tissue. Appropriate adjuvant therapy may reduce local recurrence, but cannot benefit the overall survival.
Rare Earth Elements (REE) are essential to modern society but the origins of many large REE deposits remain unclear. The U-Th-Pb ages, chemical compositions and C, O and Mg isotopic compositions of ...Bayan Obo, the world's largest REE deposit, indicate a protracted mineralisation history with unusual chemical and isotopic features. Coexisting calcite and dolomite are in O isotope disequilibrium; some calcitic carbonatite samples show highly varied δ26 Mg which increases with increasing Si and Mg; and ankerite crystals show decreases in Fe and REE from rim to centre, with highly varied REE patterns. These and many other observations are consistent with an unusual mineralisation process not previously considered; protracted fluxing of calcitic carbonatite by subduction-released high-Si fluids during the closure of the Palaeo-Asian Ocean. The fluids leached Fe and Mg from the mantle wedge and scavenged REE, Nb and Th from carbonatite, forming the deposit through metasomatism of overlying sedimentary carbonate.
Abstract
Background
The prevalence of neural tube defects (NTDs) in China declined during 2000–2017 with periconceptional folic acid (FA) supplementation, which is effective in reducing the risk of ...birth defects. We aimed to assess the knowledge and actual use of FA among Chinese pregnant women and to explore factors associated with FA use before pregnancy.
Methods
All data were collected in face-to-face interviews during health visits among pregnant women. We collected information about knowledge and use of FA supplements and demographic, socioeconomic, and health status. One maternity and childcare hospital was chosen in each of four cities: Beijing, Huaibei, Kunming, and Haikou. In total, 435 pregnant women were randomly recruited for interviews conducted from June to December 2016.
Results
A total of 428 pregnant women were included in this survey. Of these, 82.0% (351/428) knew that FA can prevent NTDs, and 75.9% (325/428) knew the correct time to take FA. Overall, 65.9% (282/428) of women knew both that FA can prevent NTDs and the recommended time to take FA before pregnancy. Approximately 95.1% (407/428) of women reported having ever taken FA, only 46.3% (198/428) had begun to take FA supplementation before conception, and 64.5% (109/169) of women from rural areas failed to take FA before pregnancy. Women living in northern China (odds ratio OR = 1.81, 95% confidence interval CI, 1.18–2.77), those with unplanned pregnancy (OR = 1.99, 95% CI 1.30–3.04), and highly educated women (OR = 2.37, 95% CI 1.45–3.88) were more likely to know about FA. Women who were homemakers (OR = 1.94, 95% CI 1.21–3.11) and had unplanned pregnancy (OR = 6.18, 95% CI 4.01–9.53) were less likely to begin taking FA before pregnancy.
Conclusions
Our survey showed that most pregnant women knew about FA. Although preconception intake of FA can help to reduce NTDs, improving the rate of FA intake before pregnancy is needed in urban areas of China, especially among homemakers and women from rural areas or with unplanned pregnancy. Campaigns are needed to increase awareness about FA and FA use before pregnancy among rural women, homemakers, and those with unplanned pregnancy and lower education levels.
The occurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) related to liver cirrhosis is mostly accompanied by extensive immune infiltration. To reveal the infiltration immune cells landscape, single-cell RNA ...sequencing data from the healthy donor (HD), patients with liver cirrhosis (LC) and HCC were collected for analysis. By drawing a cell map and calculating the proportion of each cell type, total B cells were identified with a significant higher proportion in HCC (24.26%) than in LC (5.41%) and HD (5.82%), in which plasma cells account for 97.1% in HCC. While in HCC, TCGA datasets were taken for further investigation, and it was found that patients with lower proportion of plasma cells showed better prognosis. The pseudotime cell trajectory analysis of B cell population found that humoral immunity continuously changes during HD, LC and HCC, and humoral immune-related genes are highly expressed in the HCC stage. This suggests humoral immunity may play a key role in the development of LC-associated HCC. At the same time, single cell data of hepatocytes identified differentially expressed genes in HD/LC and LC/HCC groups, and a prognostic model constructed with six of the differential genes (FTCD, MARCKSL1, CXCL3, RGS5, KNG1, and S100A16) could classify HCC patients to two distinct risk groups (median survival time 2.46 years vs. 6.73 years, p < 0.001). Our study demonstrated the power of single-cell data analysis in dissecting tissues into infiltration and main body cells, it revealed the pivotal roles of humoral immunity infiltration in the landscape of HCC associated with cirrhosis, and the key tumor prognostic genes in hepatocytes themselves. These brought novel insights into studying microenvironment and tumor cells parallelly in cancer research. The interaction of both, rather than factors from one side may have caused tumorigenesis and progression.
3D movies have become very popular in recent years. But there are vertical disparities between left and right views of 3D frames due to the lack of accuracy of the mechanical alignment during the ...shooting. In order to improve accuracy of reconstruction, a three-dimensional reconstruction technology based on multi-view photometric stereo fusion algorithm in movies special-effect production is present in this paper. The original normal is firstly replaced with the surface normal in the average normal, and the reconstructed normal is optimized so as to reduce the deviation of the original surface normal. And then, a reference-plane-based approach is applied to estimate the principle optical axis of each light source as well as its principle radiant energy. For each surface point on the target, the direction and intensity of its incident light ray can be precisely determined by the calibration parameters and the quasi-point light model. Finally, 3D reconstruction of the surface with a quasi-point light source is also implemented in two steps. By estimating the mean value of depth in the iterative process, the surface depth is projected into the physical coordinates. Qualitative and quantitative experimental results show that higher accuracy surface normal as well as better 3D reconstruction quality can be obtained by the proposed approach in comparison with conventional reconstruction methods.
PDF
