In this paper, we report new results of spectroscopic observations of γ-ray blazar S5 0716+714 from 2019 September to 2020 March with the 2.4 m optical telescope at Lijiang Observatory of Yunnan ...Observatories. The median cadence of observations is ∼1 day. During the second observation period (Epoch2), the observational data reveal an extremely bright state and a bluer-when-brighter (BWB) chromatism. The BWB trend of Epoch2 differs significantly from that of the first observation period (Epoch1). A significantly brightness-dependent BWB chromatism emerges in the total data of Epoch1 and Epoch2. The BWB trend becomes weaker toward the brighter states, and likely becomes saturated at the highest state. Based on a log-parabolic function, a power law of synchrotron peak flux and frequency p, and a power law of the curvature of synchrotron spectrum and its p, simulation well reproduces the brightness-dependent BWB trend of S5 0716+714. The BWB trend is seemingly controlled by the shift of p with respect to the observational window, and effectively may be dominated by the variations of electron average energy and magnetic field in the emitting region.
We present an
ab initio
molecular dynamics study of the thermal stability and dynamics behaviors of lattice misalignment structures (LMSs) in the subsurface layers of KH
2
PO
4
(KDP) crystals. The ...dehydration process at the atomic scale is observed in the LMS system, which is the same as that in a perfect KDP crystal. However, the paths entering the dehydration process are various. The interesting result is that compared with a perfect KDP crystal, many new paths appear in the LMS system, and even in the same paths, the dehydration is more likely to happen in the LMS system. This leads to a dramatic increase in the dehydration numbers in the LMS system, for which the reasons are given in terms of structural deformation and/or uneven distribution of protons. The results elucidate the underlying atomic mechanism of the effect of LMS defects on the thermal stability of KDP material.
Compared with perfect KDP (PS), the dehydration paths and dehydration numbers in the lattice misalignment structures (LMS
1
, LMS
2
) increase significantly.
Background
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most fatal malignant tumors of the digestive system. Many patients are diagnosed at an advanced stage and lose eligibility for ...surgery. Moreover, there are few effective methods for treating pancreatic ductal cell carcinoma. Increasing attention has been given to microRNAs (miRNAs) and their regulatory roles in tumor progression. In this study, we investigated the effects of exosomes extracted from human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (HUCMSCs) carrying hsa-miRNA-128-3p on pancreatic cancer cells.
Methods
Based on existing experimental and database information, we selected Galectin-3, which is associated with pancreatic cancer, and the corresponding upstream hsa-miRNA-128-3p. We extracted HUCMSCs from a fresh umbilical cord, hsa-miRNA-128-3p was transfected into HUCMSCs, and exosomes containing hsa-miRNA-128-3p were extracted and collected. The effect of exosomes rich in hsa-miRNA-128-3p on pancreatic cancer cells was analyzed.
Results
The expression of Galectin-3 in normal pancreatic duct epithelial cells was significantly lower than that in PDAC cell lines. We successfully extracted HUCMSCs from the umbilical cord and transfected hsa-miRNA-128-3p into HUCMSCs. Then we demonstrated that HUCMSC-derived exosomes with hsa-miRNA-128-3p could suppress the proliferation, invasion, and migration of PANC-1 cells in vitro by targeting Galectin-3.
Conclusion
Hsa-miRNA-128-3p could be considered as a potential therapy for pancreatic cancer. We provided a new idea for targeted therapy of PDAC.
Cell death was examined by studying the spinal cords of rats subjected to traumatic insults of mild to moderate severity. Within minutes after mild weight drop impact (a 10 gm weight falling 6.25 ...mm), neurons in the immediate impact area showed a loss of cytoplasmic Nissl substances. Over the next 7 d, this lesion area expanded and cavitated. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate-biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL)-positive neurons were noted primarily restricted to the gross lesion area 4-24 hr after injury, with a maximum presence at 8 hr after injury. TUNEL-positive glia were present at all stages studied between 4 hr and 14 d, with a maximum presence within the lesion area 24 hr after injury. However 7 d after injury, a second wave of TUNEL-positive glial cells was noted in the white matter peripheral to the lesion and extending at least several millimeters away from the lesion center. The suggestion of apoptosis was supported by electron microscopy, as well as by nuclear staining with Hoechst 33342 dye, and by examination of DNA prepared from the lesion site. Furthermore, repeated intraperitoneal injections of cycloheximide, beginning immediately after a 12.5 mm weight drop insult, produced a substantial reduction in histological evidence of cord damage and in motor dysfunction assessed 4 weeks later. Present data support the hypothesis that apoptosis dependent on active protein synthesis contributes to the neuronal and glial cell death, as well as to the neurological dysfunction, induced by mild-to-moderate severity traumatic insults to the rat spinal cord.
One approach to enhance machining performance is to apply cutting fluids during cutting process. However, the use of cutting fluids in machining process has caused some problems such as high cost, ...pollution, and hazards to operator's health. All the problems related to the use of cutting fluids have urged researchers to search for some alternatives to minimize or even avoid the use of cutting fluids in machining operations. Cooling gas cutting is one of these alternatives. This paper investigates the effect of cooling air cutting on tool wear, surface finish and chip shape in finish turning of Inconel 718 nickel-base super alloy and high-speed milling of AISI D2 cold work tool steel. Comparative experiments were conducted under different cooling/lubrication conditions, i.e. dry cutting, minimal quantity lubrication (MQL), cooling air, and cooling air and minimal quantity lubrication (CAMQL). For this research, composite refrigeration method was adopted to develop a new cooling gas equipment which was used to lower the temperature of compressed gas. The significant experimental results were: (i) application of cooing air and CAMQL resulted in drastic reduction in tool wear and surface roughness, and significant improvement in chip shape in finish turning of Inconel 718, (ii) in the high-speed milling of AISI D2, cooling air cutting presented longer tool life and slightly higher surface roughness than dry cutting and MQL. Therefore, it appears that cooling air cutting can provide not only environment friendliness but also great improvement in machinability of difficult-to-cut materials.
Pressure-induced injury (PI), such as a pressure ulcer, in patients with limited mobility is a healthcare issue worldwide. PI is an injury to skin and its underlying tissue such as skeletal muscle. ...Muscle compression, composed of mechanical deformation of muscle and external load, leads to localized ischemia and subsequent unloading reperfusion and, hence, a pressure ulcer in bed-bound patients. Although the gross factors involved in PI have been identified, little is known about the exact disease mechanism or its links to apoptosis, autophagy and inflammation. Here, we report that PI is mediated by intrinsic apoptosis and exacerbated by autophagy. Conditional ablation of Bax and Bak activates the Akt-mTOR pathway and Bnip3-mediated mitophagy and preserves mitochondrial contents in compressed muscle. Moreover, we find that the presence/absence of Bax and Bak alters the roles and functions of autophagy in PI. Our results suggest that manipulating apoptosis and autophagy are potential therapeutic targets for treatment and prevention of PI.
ATM is an important cell cycle checkpoint kinase. This protein is an controller of cell cycle checkpoint that is required for cell response to DNA damage and for genome stability. The spindle ...assembly checkpoint (SAC) controls accurate chromosome segregation to maintain genome stability. All kinetochores correctly attach to the spindle, which allow mitosis to proceed. Bub3 is the mainly component of the SAC, in which its kinase activity can stabilize the correct kinetochore–microtubule attachments. Genomic stability is a hallmarks of breast cancer, and the level of Bub3 in breast cancer are higher than that in normal tussue. Understanding how the ATM-Bub3 signal contributes to kinetochore-based signaling may help us to recognize the occurrence of breast cancer.
Stable Isotope Labeling with Amino Acid in Cell Culture (SILAC) to identify ATM interation protein in breast cancer. Bioinformatics analyze the phosphorylation site of Bub3. Biacore assay and in vitro kinase assay to validate the phosphorylation site. Flow cytometry assay to check the mitotic index. Mutation of the phosphorylation site of bub3 and Co-IP were proformed to identify the interation of Bub3 and Bub1 or ZNF207, and western blot to be used to test the activity of Bub1.
Through Stable Isotope Labeling with Amino Acid in Cell Culture (SILAC), we identified additional mitotic proteins that interact and can be phosphorylated by mitotically activated ATM kinase. We provide both in vitro and in vivo evidence that ATM phosphorylates Bub3 on Serine 135. This phosphorylation event promotes Bub1 activity in the mitotic spindle checkpoint. Further, we find that phosphorylation of Bub3 on Ser135 is required for formation of the Bub3-Bub1 complex, which is essential for Bub1 Ser314 phosphorylation. Mutation of Ser135 to alanine of Bub3 resulted in an enhanced interaction with BuGZ/ZNF207 and reduced interaction with Bub1, which lead to a spindle checkpoint defect.
Our findings highlight the functional significance of ATM-mediated kinetochore protein phosphorylation and elucidate a detailed regulatory mechanism of the SAC in breast cancer.
The authors.
Has not received any funding.
All authors have declared no conflicts of interest.
The discovery of the hydrodynamic electron liquid (HEL) in graphene D. Bandurin et al., Science 351, 1055 (2016) and J. Crossno et al., Science 351, 1058 (2016) has marked the birth of the ...solid-state HEL which can be probed near room temperature in a table-top setup. Here we examine the terahertz (THz) magneto-optical (MO) properties of a graphene HEL. Considering the case where the magnetic length ... is for electron-electron interaction in graphene, the MO conductivities are obtained by taking a momentum balance equation approach on the basis of the Boltzmann equation. We find that when lB ~ lee, the viscous effect in a HEL can weaken significantly the THz MO effects such as cyclotron resonance and Faraday rotation. The upper hybrid and cyclotron resonance magnetoplasmon modes ω ± are also obtained through the RPA dielectric function. The magnetoplasmons of graphene HEL at large wave-vector regime are affected by the viscous effect, and results in red-shifts of the magnetoplasmon frequencies. We predict that the viscosity in graphene HEL can affect strongly the magneto-optical and magnetoplasmonic properties, which can be verified experimentally.(ProQuest: … denotes formulae omitted.)
Background and Objectives: WHO recommended that iodized salt are more than 90% of households in USI programs, which may not be suitable for all regions, especially in coastal areas. This study ...intended to find out levels of iodine nutrition and give advice from the USI programs for areas with different iodized salt coverage.
Methods and Study Design: Coastal and inland areas were selected according to geographical regions in Zhejiang Province, China. The water iodine concentration (spectrophotometer analysis), salt iodine concentration (the colorimetric titration method), salt intake, urinary iodine concentration (spectrophotometer analysis), and thyroid volume examination (ultrasonography), as well as questionnaire, were measured in the two areas.
Results: Mean Urinary Iodine concentration (MUIs) of children in coastal areas was 149 mug/L, which was significantly lower than that in inland areas (191 mug/L). MUIs of pregnant women in coastal and inland areas were111 and 138 mug/L, respectively. Pregnant women who consumed iodine-containing supplements had higher MUIs (207 mug/L) than those did not (134 mug/L) in inland areas. Prevalence of goitre in children reached 7.0% and 6.6% in coastal and inland areas, respectively. The lowest prevalence of goitre was reached when the urinary iodine concentration was approximately 120-160 mug/L in coastal areas.
Conclusion: Iodine levels of coastal and inland areas were in the adequate range. Advice from the USI program should be specialized for different areas to appropriately reduce the salt iodine concentrations in inland areas and to determine an appropriate proportion of households using iodized salt in coastal areas. Moreover, iodine supplement intake during pregnancy should officially be recommended.
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