Sulfur‐coordinated coordination polymers (S−CPs) have unique optoelectrical properties that originate from infinite M−S bond networks. In this study, we synthesized and characterized two polymorphs ...of a two–dimensional (2D) Pb(II) S−CP with a formula of Pb(tzdt)(OAc) (Htzdt=1,3‐thiazolidine‐2‐thione, OAc=acetate). Our findings revealed that the thermodynamic product (KGF‐26) possesses quasi‐2D (−Pb−S−)n layers with weak nonbonded Pb−S bonds, whereas the kinetic product (KGF‐27) has intrinsic 2D (−Pb−S−)n layers with Pb−S bonds. The results of time‐resolved microwave conductivity measurements and first–principles calculations confirmed that KGF‐27 exhibits higher photoconductivity than KGF‐26, which establishes that the inorganic (−Pb−S−)n networks with Pb−S bonds are crucial for achieving high photoconductivity. This is the first experimental demonstration of the impact of the (−M−S−)n networks in S−CPs on photoconductivity through the comparison of crystal polymorphisms.
Sulfur‐coordinated coordination polymers (S−CPs) have unique optoelectrical properties resulting from inorganic (−M−S−)n network structures. However, these structures have never been correlated with their electronic properties. We reveal the impact of the (−M−S−)n networks in S−CPs on photoconductivity by comparing S−CP crystal polymorphs.
The cover picture shows two polymorphs of a 2D PbII coordination polymer with Pb−S bonds. The thermodynamic product features a 2D architecture composed of quasi‐2D (−Pb−S−)n layers with weak, ...nonbonded Pb−S bonds, whereas the kinetic product forms a 2D structure containing intrinsic 2D (−Pb−S−)n layers with Pb−S bonds. Moreover, the kinetic product exhibits higher photoconductivity than the thermodynamic product owing to the presence of the intrinsic 2D (−Pb−S−)n layers. More information can be found in the Research Article by D. Tanaka and co‐workers (DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400618).
Abstract
WINERED is a novel near-infrared (NIR) high-resolution spectrograph (HRS) that pursues the highest possible sensitivity to realize high-precision spectroscopy in the NIR as in the optical ...wavelength range. WINERED covers 0.9–1.35
μ
m (
z
,
Y
, and
J
-bands) with three modes (Wide mode and two Hires modes) at the maximum spectral resolutions of
R
= 28,000 and
R
= 70,000. For fulfilling the objective, WINERED is designed with an unprecedentedly high instrument throughput (up to 50% at maximum including the quantum efficiency of the array) that is three times or more than other existing optical/NIR HRSs. This is mainly realized by a combination of non-white pupil and no fiber-fed configuration in optical design, the moderate (optimized) wavelength coverage, and the high-throughput gratings. Another prominent feature of WINERED is “warm” instrument despite for infrared (IR) observations. Such non-cryogenic (no cold stop) IR instrument finally became possible with the combination of custom-made thermal-cut filter of 10
−8
class, 1.7
μ
m cutoff HAWAII-2RG array, and a cold baffle reducing the direct thermal radiation to the IR array into the solid angle of
f
/2. The thermal background is suppressed below 0.1 photons pixel
−1
s
−1
even in the wide band of 0.9–1.35
μ
m under the environment of 290 K. WINERED had been installed to the 3.58 m New Technology Telescope at La Silla Observatory, ESO, since 2017. Even with the intermediate size telescope, WINERED was confirmed to provide a limiting magnitude (for SNR = 30 with 8 hr. integration time) of
J
= 16.4 mag for the Wide mode and
J
= 15.1 mag for the Hires mode, respectively, under the natural seeing conditions. These sensitivities are comparable to those for the existing NIR-HRSs attached to the 8–10 m class telescopes with AO. WINERED type spectrographs may become a critical not only for the currently on-going extremely large telescopes to reduce the developing cost and time but also for smaller telescopes to extend their lives with long programs.
To obtain baseline data for cervical cancer prevention in Japan, we analyzed human papillomavirus (HPV) data from 5045 Japanese women aged less than 40 years and diagnosed with cervical abnormalities ...at 21 hospitals during 2012‐2017. These included cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 1 (CIN1, n = 573), CIN2‐3 (n = 3219), adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS, n = 123), and invasive cervical cancer (ICC, n = 1130). The Roche Linear Array was used for HPV genotyping. The HPV type‐specific relative contributions (RCs) were estimated by adding multiple infections to single types in accordance with proportional weighting attributions. Based on the comparison of type‐specific RCs between CIN1 and CIN2‐3/AIS/ICC (CIN2+), RC ratios were calculated to estimate type‐specific risks for progression to CIN2+. Human papillomavirus DNA was detected in 85.5% of CIN1, 95.7% of CIN2‐3/AIS, and 91.2% of ICC. Multiple infections decreased with disease severity: 42.9% in CIN1, 40.4% in CIN2‐3/AIS, and 23.7% in ICC (P < .0001). The relative risk for progression to CIN2+ was highest for HPV16 (RC ratio 3.78, 95% confidence interval CI 3.01‐4.98), followed by HPV31 (2.51, 1.54‐5.24), HPV18 (2.43, 1.59‐4.32), HPV35 (1.56, 0.43‐8.36), HPV33 (1.01, 0.49‐3.31), HPV52 (0.99, 0.76‐1.33), and HPV58 (0.97, 0.75‐1.32). The relative risk of disease progression was 1.87 (95% CI, 1.71‐2.05) for HPV16/18/31/33/35/45/52/58, but only 0.17 (95% CI, 0.14‐0.22) for HPV39/51/56/59/66/68. Human papillomavirus 16/18/31/33/45/52/58/6/11 included in a 9‐valent vaccine contributed to 89.7% (95% CI, 88.7‐90.7) of CIN2‐3/AIS and 93.8% (95% CI, 92.4‐95.3) of ICC. In conclusion, our data support the Japanese guidelines that recommend discriminating HPV16/18/31/33/35/45/52/58 genotypes for CIN management. The 9‐valent vaccine is estimated to provide over 90% protection against ICC in young Japanese women.
We updated HPV type‐specific risks of and contributions to cervical cancer and precancer in Japan, using a large dataset from young Japanese women with cervical abnormalities. The relative risk for progression to cervical cancer and precancer was the highest for HPV16, followed by HPV31, HPV18, HPV35, HPV33, HPV52 and HPV58. The new 9‐valent vaccine is estimated to provide over 90% protection against invasive cervical cancer among Japanese women up to an age of 40 years.
The axle spring vibration isolator rubber installed on the axle box that encloses the axle bearings is subjected to loads corresponding to the wheel weight and vibration of the axle box during ...running. It is thought that the running condition of the bogie can be monitored by utilizing the axle spring vibration isolator rubber as a sensor to grasp the load and vibration. Therefore, we investigated a method of monitoring the running condition of the bogie by incorporating a piezoelectric element, which generates electric signals in response to applied loads and vibrations, in the axle spring vibration isolator rubber. In this paper, we made the rubber isolator with a built-in piezoelectric element (RIBP). As a result of running tests with the RIBP installed on a bogie, we found that the running condition of the bogie can be monitored by the time waveform of the electrical signal obtained from the piezoelectric element, and that the condition of the axle bearing can be monitored by the result of frequency analysis. In addition, as a result of examining the actual method of monitoring the running condition of a bogie using a RIBP, it was found that the condition could be monitored even if the number of RIBP installed on the bogie was reduced.
Chondrule-like objects and Ca-Al-rich inclusions (CAIs) are discovered in the retuned samples from asteroid Ryugu. Here we report results of oxygen isotope, mineralogical, and compositional analysis ...of the chondrule-like objects and CAIs. Three chondrule-like objects dominated by Mg-rich olivine are
O-rich and -poor with Δ
O (=δ
O - 0.52 × δ
O) values of ~ -23‰ and ~ -3‰, resembling what has been proposed as early generations of chondrules. The
O-rich objects are likely to be melted amoeboid olivine aggregates that escaped from incorporation into
O-poor chondrule precursor dust. Two CAIs composed of refractory minerals are
O-rich with Δ
O of ~ -23‰ and possibly as old as the oldest CAIs. The discovered objects (<30 µm) are as small as those from comets, suggesting radial transport favoring smaller objects from the inner solar nebula to the formation location of the Ryugu original parent body, which is farther from the Sun and scarce in chondrules. The transported objects may have been mostly destroyed during aqueous alteration in the Ryugu parent body.
Phenotypic overlap exists among type III Bartter syndrome (BS), Gitelman syndrome (GS), and pseudo-BS/GS (p-BS/GS), which are clinically difficult to distinguish. We aimed to clarify the differences ...between these diseases, allowing accurate diagnosis based on their clinical features.
A total of 163 patients with genetically defined type III BS (n = 30), GS (n = 90), and p-BS/GS (n = 43) were included. Age at diagnosis, sex, body mass index, estimated glomerular filtration rate, and serum and urine electrolyte concentrations were determined.
Patients with p-BS/GS were significantly older at diagnosis than those with type III BS and GS. Patients with p-BS/GS included a significantly higher percentage of women and had a lower body mass index and estimated glomerular filtration rate than did patients with GS. Although hypomagnesemia and hypocalciuria were predominant biochemical findings in patients with GS, 17 and 23% of patients with type III BS and p-BS/GS, respectively, also showed these abnormalities. Of patients with type III BS, GS, and p-BS/GS, 40, 12, and 63%, respectively, presented with chronic kidney disease.
This study clarified the clinical differences between BS, GS, and p-BS/GS for the first time, which will help clinicians establish differential diagnoses for these three conditions.
In schizophrenia (SCZ), neurons in the brain tend to undergo gross morphological changes, but the related molecular mechanism remains largely elusive. Using Kif3b+/− mice as a model with SCZ-like ...behaviors, we found that a high-betaine diet can significantly alleviate schizophrenic traits related to neuronal morphogenesis and behaviors. According to a deficiency in the transport of collapsin response mediator protein 2 (CRMP2) by the KIF3 motor, we identified a significant reduction in lamellipodial dynamics in developing Kif3b+/− neurons as a cause of neurite hyperbranching. Betaine administration significantly decreases CRMP2 carbonylation, which enhances the F-actin bundling needed for proper lamellipodial dynamics and microtubule exclusion and may thus functionally compensate for KIF3 deficiency. Because the KIF3 expression levels tend to be downregulated in the human prefrontal cortex of the postmortem brains of SCZ patients, this mechanism may partly participate in human SCZ pathogenesis, which we hypothesize could be alleviated by betaine administration.
Display omitted
•KIF3 expression is reduced in brains of patients with schizophrenia•Betaine ameliorates KIF3-deficient phenotypes•KIF3 transports CRMP2 that bundles F-actin•Betaine activates CRMP2 by its decarbonylation
Yoshihara et al. show that betaine ameliorates schizophrenic traits in KIF3-deficient mice due to impaired transport of CRMP2, of which lamellipodial actin-bundling activity is reactivated by betaine and leads to proper neurite arborization.
PDF
