Water diversion has been increasingly applied to improve water quality in many water bodies. However, little is known regarding pollution by organic micropollutants (OMPs) in water diversion ...projects, especially at the supplier, and this pollution may threaten the quality of transferred water. In the present study, a total of 110 OMPs belonging to seven classes were investigated in water and sediment collected from a supplier of the Yangtze River within four water diversion projects. A total of 69 and 58 target OMPs were detected in water and sediment, respectively, at total concentrations reaching 1041.78 ng/L and 5942.24 ng/g dry weight (dw). Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and pharmaceuticals were the predominant pollutants identified. When preliminarily compared with the pollution in the receiving water, the Yangtze River generally exhibited mild OMPs pollution and good water quality parameters, implying a clean water source in the water diversion project. However, in Zongyang and Fenghuangjing, PAHs pollution was more abundant than that in the corresponding receiving water in Chaohu Lake. Ammonia nitrogen pollution in the Wangyu River was comparable to that in Taihu Lake. These findings imply that water diversion may threaten receiving waters in some cases. In addition, the risks of all detected pollutants in both water and sediment were assessed. PAHs in water, especially phenanthrene and high-molecular-weight PAHs, posed high risks to invertebrates, followed by the risks to fish and algae. Pharmaceuticals, such as antibiotics and antidepressants, may also pose risks to algae and fish at a number of locations. To the best of our knowledge, this report is the first to describe OMPs pollution in water diversion projects, and the results provide a new perspective regarding the security of water diversion projects.
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•Organic micropollutants (OMPs) pollution in water diversions were firstly studied.•PAHs and pharmaceuticals were the predominant pollutants.•Yangtze River had a comparable OMPs pollution and was suitable for water diversions.•Several OMPs pollution in the supplier were worse than the receiving water.•PAHs in water posed high risks to invertebrate, as well as antibiotics to algae.
Our study provided a documentation on the comprehensive pollution of micropollutants in water diversions and provided a new insight on the security.
This paper investigates an improved adaptive sliding mode fault-tolerant control strategy for a magnetorheological semi-active suspension system with parametric uncertainties and actuator faults. ...Using the experimental data collected by a quarter-vehicle test rig, an adaptive-network-based fuzzy inference system is employed to establish a learning-based magnetorheological damper model firstly. The Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy approach is introduced to deal with the uncertainties of sprung mass and pitch rotary inertia and then the corresponding Takagi-Sugeno faulty semi-active suspension system is constructed. An adaptive sliding mode fault-tolerant controller is proposed, in which the magnetorheological damper fault gain is observed by the designed estimation law, and the asymptotical stability of the system is further analyzed. Finally, numerical simulation tests are conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of the designed control scheme.
3D CsPbX
3
inorganic perovskite materials have attracted much attention in optoelectronic devices because of their strong absorbance, high photoluminescent quantum yield, tunable band gap, and narrow ...emission bandwidth. However, their practical usefulness is limited due to their poor stability in ambient conditions. Here, we created photoluminescent 0D Cs
4
PbX
6
(X = Br, Br/I) suspensions in toluene by adding a small amount of water. The photoluminescent 0D Cs
4
PbX
6
perovskite was mixed with polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) forming 0D Cs
4
PbX
6
/PMMA composite films with higher PL, stability, transparency, and transmittance than that of the 3D CsPbX
3
/PMMA composite films prepared separately. Moreover, the PL intensity maintains 90% of the initial value after 30 days in water, showing excellent water stability. The flexible white-light LED device prepared by the composite films illustrated good luminescence performance with color rendering index 74.77, chromaticity coordinates (0.32, 0.33), and color temperature 6997 K.
Graphical abstract
Little is known about the potential toxicity of Cu nanoparticles (nCu), Cr nanoparticles (nCr), and their mixtures to aquatic organisms. To fill this gap, a comprehensive toxicity assessment was ...conducted using
Daphnia magna
as a test organism, including a 48-h acute toxicity test, a 21-day chronic test, and a feeding experiment. Four biomarkers were estimated after exposure to nCu, nCr, and their mixtures for 7 days, including acetylcholinesterase (AChE), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione
S
-transferase (GST). The results at all endpoints showed that nCu was more toxic than nCr. The 48-h median lethal concentration values of nCu and nCr were 0.63 and 1.57 mg/L, respectively. Significant inhibition of reproduction and growth of
D. magna
was found, and the intrinsic rate of natural increase was a sensitive parameter for nCu and nCr during the 21-day exposure. A concentration-dependent decrease in filtration and ingestion was observed which was consistent with inhibition of reproduction and growth of
D. magna
. The biochemical responses revealed an increase in GST activity and decrease in AChE activity, while SOD and CAT activities were increased at low concentrations and decreased at high concentrations for all exposures. Collectively, our results confirmed that nanoscale Cu and Cr can exert negative effects at different levels on
D. magna
.
The influence of suspended sediment (SPS) properties on the biological effects of antidepressant citalopram (CIT) was investigated in our study. For CIT exposure alone, the feeding behavior, energy ...available, glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activity of D. magna were vitally induced at 10 μg/L. In the presence of SPS, significant dose-dependent reduction in the ingestion and filtration rates were observed with the increase of SPS concentration, while SPS organic content (foc) of 1% exhibited the most serious aggravation. The protein was the main contributor to detoxification and cellular protection under the stress of CIT and SPS. Obvious disturbance effects on the malonaldehyde content, catalase and GST activities were observed for SPS of 0.1 g/L, 60–90 μm and foc of 2%. Overall, the important role of SPS properties on the biological effects of CIT should be taken into consideration for the accurate risk assessment of pollutants.
•foc in SPS obviously affected the inhibition of CIT on feeding behavior of D. magna.•Energy consumption was altered due to the increase of protein in the presence of SPS.•The inhibition of AChE activity was coincided with feeding and phototactic behaviors.•T-AOC content was decreased with SPS concentration and increased with particle size.•Greater disturbance of SPS was found at CIT of 10 μg/L than that at 100 μg/L.
In this work, a 0.43mm2 high-sensitivity low-intermediate-frequency (low-IF) receiver under <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">0.18~\mu \text{m} </tex-math></inline-formula> technology is ...reported for Industrial Scientific Medical (ISM) and Medical Implant Communications Service (MICS) band applications, which supports the 2ASK/GFSK demodulation mode. To reduce the area, a low noise amplifier (LNA) with an active inductor, a compact Gm-C filter, an AC current bleeding technique for controlling the receiver gain and, a ring-VCO LO PLL were used, without any passive inductors. The main methods for improving sensitivity are reducing the receiver noise figure (NF) and improving the signal-to-noise ratio for demodulation. Thus, the LNA adopts a two-stage 40 dB gain to suppress the NF of the subsequent stage. An automatic gain control (AGC) loop is used to control the receiver gain to overcome the large signal nonlinearity from the large LNA gains. Additionally, a Gm-C complex filter rejects image and blocks interference, improving the sensitivity to harsh environments. Under the CSMC <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">0.18~\mu \text{m} </tex-math></inline-formula> process, the die of the receiver is only 0.43 mm2 and covers 300-500 MHz, MICS and some ISM bands. The measurement results show that when the internal 2ASK demodulator is adopted, it has a −115 dBm sensitivity at 2 Kbps; and when the external GFSK digital baseband is adopted, it has a −121 dBm sensitivity at 2 Kbps. At 300 Kbps, only 6.5 mW of power is consumed. It is suitable for low-power wide-area network (LPWAN) applications.
This study presents a true root-mean-square (RMS) power detector with a wide dynamic range in a 180-nm BiCMOS process. An RMS power detector based on a current feedback loop composed of two ...current-squaring cells and a transconductance amplifier is proposed and analysed. By placing the layout of two current-squaring cells symmetrically and setting the appropriate loop gain, the impact of the process mismatch on the dynamic range can be reduced, thus achieving a wide dynamic range of 34 dB from − 18 to 16 dBm at a 5 V supply voltage. A two-stage detector consisting of two identical RMS detectors and a preamplifier is also presented. The two-stage RMS detector demonstrates a dynamic range of 60 dB from − 44 to 16 dBm at 1.5 GHz with a ± 1.5 dB log error, making it suitable for both receiver and transmitter signal power detection.
The tissue distribution, bioconcentration, metabolism and biological effects of the antifungal medication ketoconazole were investigated in fish, crucian carp (Carassius auratus) were exposed to a ...series of nominal concentrations (0.2, 2 and 20 μg/L) for 14 days. The ultra-high performance liquid chromatography tandem triple quadrupole mass spectroscopy (UPLC/MS/MS) analysis was used to determine the bioconcentration of ketoconazole and its metabolites in fish. The highest tissue concentration of ketoconazole was observed in the liver with the bioconcentration factor of 257.2, which is lower than the estimated BCF value. The ability of crucian carp to metabolize ketoconazole was confirmed and the results pointed out the existence of seven metabolites likely formed via oxidation of imidazole ring and the metabolic alteration of the piperazine rings. In addition, acetylcholinesterase, 7-ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione S-transferase changed significantly after 3, 7 and 14 days of exposure (P < 0.05), which indicated that the accumulation and metabolism of ketoconazole in fish tissues may account for the biological effects.
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•The bioconcentration and biodistribution of ketoconazole were measured by LC/MS/MS.•BCF values were highest in the liver with the range of 9.0–257.2.•Of seven metabolites examined, N-deacetyl-ketoconazole appears to be dominant metabolite in fish.•Potential adverse effects are possibly caused by the high ketoconazole concentrations in tissues.
Participants with prediabetes are at a high risk of developing type 2 diabetes (T2D). Recent studies have suggested that blocking the receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) may ...improve glucose metabolism and delay the development of T2D. However, the effect of denosumab, a fully human monoclonal antibody that inhibits RANKL, on glycemic parameters in the prediabetes population is uncertain. We aim to examine the effect of denosumab on glucose metabolism in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis and prediabetes.
This is a 12-month multicenter, open-label, randomized controlled trial involving postmenopausal women who have been diagnosed with both osteoporosis and prediabetes. Osteoporosis is defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) as a bone mineral density T score of ≤ - 2.5, as measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Prediabetes is defined as (i) a fasting plasma glucose level of 100-125 mg/dL, (ii) a 2-hour plasma glucose level of 140-199 mg/dL, or (iii) a glycosylated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) level of 5.7-6.4%. A total of 346 eligible subjects will be randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to receive either subcutaneous denosumab 60 mg every 6 months or oral alendronate 70 mg every week for 12 months. The primary outcome is the change in HbA1c levels from baseline to 12 months. Secondary outcomes include changes in fasting and 2-hour blood glucose levels, serum insulin levels, C-peptide levels, and insulin sensitivity from baseline to 12 months, and the incidence of T2D at the end of the study. Follow-up visits will be scheduled at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months.
This study aims to provide evidence on the efficacy of denosumab on glucose metabolism in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis and prediabetes. The results derived from this clinical trial may provide insight into the potential of denosumab in preventing T2D in high-risk populations.
This study had been registered in the Chinese Clinical Trials Registry.
ChiCTR2300070789 on April 23, 2023. https://www.chictr.org.cn .
Organic ultraviolet filters (OUVFs) and nanoplastics (NPs) are two important new pollutants that coexist widely in freshwater and coastal habitats. Both OUVFs and MPs can be taken up by aquatic ...organisms and may be toxic or co-toxic. In this study, the neurotoxicity and interaction neurotoxicity of the typical OUVFs butyl methoxydibenzoyl methane (BM-DBM) and polystyrene nanoplastics (PS-NPs) on zebrafish at environmental concentrations were comprehensively investigated at the tissue and molecular levels using transgenic or non-transgenic zebrafish. Results showed that both BM-DBM and PS-NPs induced abnormal expression of developmental genes
neurogenin 1
,
glial fibrillary acidic protein
,
Finkel-Biskis-Jinkins osteosarcoma oncogene
,
growth-associated protein 43
,
synapsin IIa
, and
apoptosis regulator a
(
Bcl2a
),
Bcl2 associated x
and
apoptosis-related cysteine peptidase a
, neuronal loss, motor neuron axon deletion, neuronal apoptosis and behavioral abnormalities in larvae thus being neurotoxic. BM-DBM also specifically interferes with neurotransmitter systems and affects signaling between neurons. In addition, PS-NPs and BM-BDM exerted synergistic and antagonistic effects in inducing apoptosis in neuronal cells and developmental neurotoxicity, respectively. Our results highlight the neurotoxic risk of PS-NPs and BM-BDM and the complex interactive neurotoxic effects of the two. We anticipate that our study may lay the foundation for ecological risk assessment of OUVFs and PS-NPs and exploration of complex interactions between PS-NPs and hydrophobic organic pollutants.
