We consider the problem of minimizing the risk taken on by investors in a two-tier (banking) system of lending and a system of peer-to-peer lending, assuming the incoming risks to be constant. It is ...shown that with the introduction of a special (nonsystematic) risk, the peer-to-peer lending model turns out to be optimal.
We consider the process of tokenization of credits in the peer-to-peer lending model. The investor risk is formulated in terms of reliability theory. This allows us to write restrictions on the ...parameters of the token package that provide a given risk and profitability for the known parameters of the loan portfolio.
Channeling efficiency in a target-crystal assembly Scandale, W.; Cerutti, F.; Esposito, L.S. ...
Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section B, Beam interactions with materials and atoms,
03/2020, Volume:
467
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
In view of possible future fixed target experiments requiring precisely steered charged particle beams, the UA9 Collaboration has undertaken experimental studies of the use of bent silicon crystals ...for this purpose. The channeling efficiency of positively charged particles inside the crystalline lattice has been investigated in detail for a setup with a tungsten target installed in front of the crystal. Due to multiple Coulomb scattering inside the target, the channeling efficiency was observed to be reduced by a factor of about 6.1 for a 180 GeV/c quasi-parallel hadron beam. The yield of nuclear interaction secondaries as an estimation of the additional machine background is also discussed.
Infantry recruit attrition wastes resources and can affect combat readiness. The purpose of this study was to examine the utility of preinduction tests as a predictor of attrition among conscripts in ...the first year of infantry training.
303 infantry conscripted recruits participated in a prospective study. Before their service, recruits received health profile and Quality Group Scores (QGSs). Recruits were screened at induction using questionnaires, by functional movement screening (FMS) and by upper and lower quarter Y-balance, dynamic and anthropometric tests. They were followed for musculoskeletal injuries and attrition during the first year of training.
165/303 (54.5%) recruits were diagnosed with musculoskeletal injury or pain during the first year of their training. 15.2% did not complete their first year of service as combatants and 5.9% were discharged. On multivariable binary stepwise logistic regression analysis for attrition, protective factors were higher QGSs (OR 0.78, 95% CI 0.69 to 0.89) and recruits diagnosed with musculoskeletal injuries or pain (OR 0.20, 95% CI 0.09 to 0.48). Pain in the balance test performed at the beginning of training was a risk factor (OR 3.31, 95% CI 1.44 to 7.61). These factors explained only 15.4% of the variance in attrition.
FMS was not a significant predictor of infantry attrition. Measuring the three variables found to be associated with infantry attrition would seem to be valuable when the number of infantry candidates greatly exceeds the number of infantry positions. Transferring infantry attriters to non-combatant roles and not discharging them is a way to manage the problem of attrition.
Metal-loaded liquid organic scintillators (MeLS) are discussed from the point of view of light yield at high metal loading (Gd, Nd, Zr, In). It is shown that, when metal
-diketonates are introduced ...into the scintillator, its light yield is always lower than when carboxylates are used, which is explained by the structural difference between these complexes. The nature of the metal in some cases (Nd) also affects the light attenuation length and, consequently, the MeLS light yield. The composition of the solvent (the fraction of aromatics in the main solvent) and the degree of purification of the introduced metal complex also have a significant effect on the light yield.
The paper deals with the phylogenetic and functional microbial diversity in the samples of umbric luvisol contaminated and uncontaminated with hydrocarbons and of urban stratozem. High-throughput ...sequencing of the V3–V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene revealed predomination of bacteria of the phyla
Proteobacteria
,
Actinobacteria
, and
Acidobacteria
in the studied soil samples. Bacteria of the genera
Sphingomonas
,
Bradyrhizobium
, and
Pseudolabrys
in the samples of umbric luvisol and bacteria of the genera
Brevundimonas
,
Stenotrophomonas
, and
Streptomyces
in urbostratozem had the greatest potential functional activity in conversion of nitrogen compounds, degradation of chloroalkanes, chloroalkenes, and benzoate. Strains of
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia
, which degraded oil, petroleum products, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs, phenanthrene, anthracene, and pyrene) were isolated from oil-contaminated soils. Under microcosm conditions, microorganisms of umbric luvisol efficiently degraded various components of naphthenic-methane and methane-naphthenic oil. While the content of aromatic components in naphthenic-methane oil degraded by the soil microbial community and by the community enriched with
S. maltophilia
strain P420c was almost the same, in the variant with bioaugmentation the degradation process of these components proceeded 14 days faster. The enrichment of soil with specific degraders of PAHs and aromatic compounds may be appropriate for the soils of northern regions with a low duration of the summer period, which are polluted with oil with a high content of aromatic and asphalt-resinous compounds.
The UA9 setup for the double-crystal experiment in CERN-SPS Scandale, W.; Cerutti, F.; Esposito, L.S. ...
Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section A, Accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment,
09/2020, Volume:
975
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Experiments to measure the electric and the magnetic moments of short-lived baryons using an internal target and two bent crystals in the vicinity of one of the existing LHC detectors were recently ...proposed, in the frame of the Physics Beyond Colliders Working Group at CERN. Investigating fixed-target physics in the LHC with in-vacuum solid targets is an unprecedented challenge. As a preparatory step, the layout of the UA9 experiment, installed in the CERN SPS to explore beam manipulations assisted by bent crystals, has been modified to study the feasibility of the double-crystal scenario in a circular accelerator. Ideally, the first crystal should capture halo protons in channeling states directing them onto the internal target to produce rare baryons, whilst the second crystal, located just downstream of the target, should channel the baryons, rotate their polarization vector and deflect them towards the detector area. The upgraded UA9 layout is presented. Preliminary measurements providing an insight of the beam behavior are reported.
At the Baksan Neutrino Observatory (Institute for Nuclear Research, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow) deployed in the Caucasus mountains, it is proposed to create, at a depth corresponding to 4760 ...mwe, a large-volume neutrino detector on the basis of a liquid scintillator with a target mass of 10 kt. The detector in question is intended for recording natural fluxes of neutrinos whose energy may be as low as 100MeV. Neutrino fluxes from various sources are considered in the present study, and the expected effect in the proposed detector is estimated. The detector hat is being developed at the Baksan Neutrino Observatorywill become part of the world network of neutrino detectors for studying natural neutrino fluxes.
This study aimed to measure ambulation in infantry army basic training, and to evaluate if covering more distance can explain stress fractures in a stressor–stress model. Forty‐four male combat ...recruits (18.7 ± 0.7 years) participated in a 6‐month rigorous high intensity combat training program. Baseline data included anthropometric measurements, VO2max, and psychological questionnaires. Actual distance covered was measured using a pedometer over an 11‐week training period. Psychological questionnaires were repeated after 2 months. Sixteen recruits were diagnosed with stress fractures by imaging (SFi = 36.4%). Statistical analysis included comparing measured variables between SFi and those without stress fractures (NSF). The recruits covered 796 ± 157 km, twofold the distance planned of 378 km (P < 0.001). The SFi group covered a distance 16.4% greater than that of the NSF group (866 ± 136 and 744 ± 161 km, respectively, P < 0.01), and also demonstrated greater psychological stress. These data reveal the importance of adherence to or enforcement of military training programs. In the light of these data, the Israeli Defense Forces program needs reappraisal. A stressor–stress response might explain the susceptibility of certain recruits for injury. Using advanced technology, monitoring ambulation may prevent stress fracture development by limiting subjects exceeding a certain level. Psychological profile may also play a role in predicting stress fracture development.
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