The development of novel nanoparticles as a new generation therapeutic drug platform is an active field of chemistry and cancer research. In recent years, fullerene nanoparticles have received ...extensive attention due to their unique physical and chemical properties. Properly modified fullerene nanoparticles have excellent biocompatibility and significant anti-tumor activity, which makes them have broad application prospects in the field of cancer therapy. Therefore, understanding the anti-tumor mechanism of fullerene nanoparticles is of great significance for the design and development of anti-tumor drugs with low toxicity and high targeting. This review has focused on various anti-tumor mechanisms of fullerene derivatives and discusses their toxicity and their distribution in organisms. Finally, the review points out some urgent problems that need solution before fullerene derivatives as a new generation of anti-tumor nano-drug platform enter clinical research.
The use of nanomedicines for cancer treatment has been widespread. Fullerenes have significant effects in the treatment of solid tumors. Here, we are going to study the effects of hydroxylated ...fullerene C
(OH)
(n = 18-22) treatment on chronic myeloid leukemia cell proliferation and investigate its toxicity. The results showed that hydroxylated fullerene C
(OH)
(n = 18-22) at low concentrations (less than 120 μM) not only had apparent toxic side effects, but also promoted the growth of K562 cells, while a high concentration of C
(OH)
had different degrees of inhibition on K562 cells. When the concentration is higher than 160 μM, the K562 cells showed morphological changes, the mitochondrial membrane potential decreased, the cell cycle was blocked in the stage of G2-phase, and cell apoptosis occurred, which may cause apoptosis, autophagy, and a variety of other damage leading to cell death. Meanwhile, it also indicated that its inhibition of solid tumors might be related to the tumor microenvironment; we verified the safety of fullerene without apparent cellular toxicity at a specific concentration.
Center Plate Bolts on the train after the photos were analyzed to observe the morphological characteristics, a gray map based on computer vision recognition algorithms. According to the physical ...characteristics of the train bogie image positioning, Gray mapping used in conjunction with the gradient mapping and transformation using adaptive threshold filter out irrelevant features, and image segmentation, Hough transform to extract the main features of application Lines, and finally under the Center Plate Bolts train characteristics of the geometry of fault interpretation. Algorithm design greatly enhanced the detection speed, accuracy and reliability.
•The oxides molar ratios play the fundamental role on geopolymer’s properties.•SCA can play dispersion effect in GS and promote the viscosity growth rate.•SCA with 2 wt% dosage can significantly ...reduce the shear viscosity of GS.•Geopolymer with 4 wt% SCA has the highest mechanical strength.•Excessive SCA is not conductive to the geopolymerization and flowability of GS.
Fluidity modification on geopolymer without changing its compositions is necessary. This study, firstly, investigated the optimal oxides molar ratios of geopolymers, then rheology, rheokinetics, fluidity and mechanical properties tests were conducted to study the influence of silane coupling agent (SCA) on geopolymers. Finally, characterization techniques of SEM, pore size distribution, FTIR and DSC were used to reveal the mechanisms. The results show when SiO2/Al2O3 = 3.4, M2O/Al2O3 = 1, and H2O/M2O = 11, geopolymer’s fluidity reaches 144 mm with the best compressive strength. The addition of 2 wt% SCA can reduce viscosity, increasing the fluidity to 167 mm, while excessive SCA can’t. SCA can also increase the viscosity growth rate and influence the microstructure of geopolymers.
Intestinal morphology, antioxidant status, immune function and tight junction proteins mRNA expression were examined in golden pompano (Trachinotus ovatus) that fed respectively six diets containing ...dandelion extracts (DE) at 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 10 g kg−1 after 8 weeks feeding. The study indicated that dietary DE significantly improved intestinal antioxidant abilities by increasing SOD, CAT, T-AOC activities and up-regulating intestinal cat, gpx mRNA levels, but by decreasing MDA content and down-regulating intestinal keap1 mRNA levels in golden pompano. Meanwhile, dietary DE improved intestinal morphology, suggesting that enhances intestinal digestion and absorption, by increasing muscle thickness, villus length, villus width and villus number in the foregut and hindgut; as well as villus number, villus width and muscle thickness in the midgut (P < .05). Dietary DE enhanced intestinal barrier function by increasing intestinal zo-1 and occludin mRNA levels, but by decreasing the mRNA levels of claudin-12 and claudin-15. Furthermore, dietary DE improved intestinal immunity via increasing goblet cells numbers and regulating expression of immune-related genes. In conclusion, dietary DE supplementation promoted intestine health by improving intestine morphology, immunity, antioxidant abilities and intestinal barrier in golden pompano.
•Dietary dandelion extracts (DE) enhanced intestinal digestion and absorption by improving intestinal morphology of golden pompano.•DE regulated the tight junction proteins mRNA levels, suggesting improved intestinal physical barrier.•DE improved intestinal antioxidant abilities by increasing antioxidant enzyme activities.
The linear instabilities and nonlinear transport driven by the ion temperature gradient (ITG) instability are numerically investigated in deuterium–tritium plasma in the CFETR hybrid scenario by ...using the NLT code. In both linear and nonlinear simulations, effects of the tritium fraction ɛT and the temperature ratio of deuterium and tritium τDT = TD/TT are studied, with TD and TT being the temperature of deuterium and tritium, respectively. Results from linear simulations illustrate that the ITG instability can be well stabilized as ɛT increases. When ɛT = 0.5, the maximum growth rate occurs at around τDT = 1.5. During the nonlinear simulations, the anomalous particle and energy flux in deuterium–tritium plasma are analyzed. For τDT = 1.0, it is found that the tritium (deuterium) particle flux is inward (outward) and the largest inward tritium particle flux appears at ɛT = 0.5. The total ion energy flux is found to be insensitive to ɛT. In the case with ɛT = 0.5, as τDT decreases from 3.0 to 0.5, the particle flux for tritium (deuterium) changes from the outward (inward) direction to the inward (outward) direction. The quasilinear analysis clarifies that the particle flux driven by the temperature gradient is the key part in determining the direction of the particle flux. Besides, the largest and the smallest energy flux appear at around τDT = 1.5 and 0.5, respectively. It is indicated that better energy confinement and better particle confinement for tritium could be realized by choosing smaller τDT (or higher TT).
Manganese ores used as oxygen carriers in chemical looping combustion (CLC) have attracted growing interest. However, the primary challenge of manganese ores is their tendency to produce fines and ...agglomerate. In this work, two MgO–kaolin-supported manganese ores were prepared to address the challenges of the reactivity, stability, mechanical strength, and melting characteristics of raw manganese ores. The reduction reaction of the MgO–kaolin-supported manganese ores is slower than that of raw manganese ore, but the stability of raw manganese ore can be improved. The crushing strength of the MgO–kaolin-supported manganese ores increased substantially from 3.05 N to more than 50 N. The attrition index decreased to 2.228 wt %/h; therefore, the high attrition resistance of manganese ores is achieved. The melting characteristics of the prepared oxygen carrier were discussed. MgO–kaolin-supported manganese ores show great promise in reducing attrition and increasing the operating temperature for enhancing char conversion in the fuel reactor.
Skeletal muscle, a critical component of the mammalian body, is essential for normal body movement. miRNAs are well documented in gene post-transcription regulation in many biological processes, ...including muscle development and maintenance. miR-92b-3p, which is often associated with tumorigenesis, has never been explored in myoblast development. Here, we used murine-derived C2C12 myoblasts to explore the potential functions of miR-92b-3p in skeletal muscle development. Our results demonstrated that miR-92b-3p mimics inhibited C2C12 cell proliferation and migration, whereas miR-92b-3p inhibitor promoted C2C12 cell proliferation and migration. C2C12 cell differentiation was not affected by miR-92b-3p mimics, according to immunofluorescence and qPCR results. Serum- and glucocorticoid-induced kinase 3 (SGK3) was predicted and validated as a target of miR-92b-3p. Overexpression of SGK3 promoted C2C12 cell proliferation. SGK3 and miR-92b-3p formed a regulatory pathway to modulate C2C12 cell proliferation. In conclusion, miR-92b-3p inhibited C2C12 cell proliferation by targeting SGK3 and impeded C2C12 cell migration.
The rapid emergence of anisotropic collagen fibers in the tissue microenvironment is a critical transition point in late-stage breast cancer. Specifically, the fiber orientation facilitates the ...likelihood of high-speed tumor cell invasion and metastasis, which pose lethal threats to patients. Thus, based on this transition point, one key issue is how to determine and evaluate efficient combination chemotherapy treatments in late-stage cancer. In this study, we designed a collagen microarray chip containing 241 high-throughput microchambers with embedded metastatic breast cancer cell MDA-MB-231-RFP. By utilizing collagen's unique structure and hydromechanical properties, the chip constructed three-dimensional isotropic and anisotropic collagen fiber structures to emulate the tumor cell microenvironment at early and late stages. We injected different chemotherapeutic drugs into its four channels and obtained composite biochemical concentration profiles. Our results demonstrate that anisotropic collagen fibers promote cell proliferation and migration more than isotropic collagen fibers, suggesting that the geometric arrangement of fibers plays an important role in regulating cell behavior. Moreover, the presence of anisotropic collagen fibers may be a potential factor leading to the poor efficacy of combined chemotherapy in late-stage breast cancer. We investigated the efficacy of various chemotherapy drugs using cell proliferation inhibitors paclitaxel and gemcitabine and tumor cell migration inhibitors 7rh and PP2. To ensure the validity of our findings, we followed a systematic approach that involved testing the inhibitory effects of these drugs. According to our results, the drug combinations' effectiveness could be ordered as follows: paclitaxel + gemcitabine > gemcitabine + 7rh > PP2 + paclitaxel > 7rh + PP2. This study shows that the biomimetic chip system not only facilitates the creation of a realistic
model for examining the cell migration mechanism in late-stage breast cancer but also has the potential to function as an effective tool for future chemotherapy assessment and personalized medicine.
PDF
