Introduction A number of parameters studied in a whole blood count can be helpful in the diagnosis of neonatal sepsis. The platelet/lymphocyte ratio (PLR) is a systemic inflammatory marker in early ...sepsis and has been used as a diagnostic indicator in cardiovascular events and cancer. Being one of the major antioxidants in human biological fluids, serum uric acid is responsible for neutralising free radicals. The red cell distribution width/platelet ratio (RPR) is a diagnostic marker in adult inflammatory diseases. The objective of our study is to investigate the relationship of late neonatal sepsis with whole blood count parameters and serum uric acid levels. Materials and methods Newborns older than postnatal three days who had clinical and laboratory findings of sepsis were included in the study. The study included 140 newborns who were divided into three groups, 53 in the culture-proven late sepsis group, 47 in the clinical sepsis group, and 40 in the healthy control group. The whole blood count parameters and serum uric acid levels were examined in both the clinical sepsis and proven sepsis patients at the time when they were diagnosed with sepsis. Results The birth week was significantly lower in the evidenced and clinical sepsis patients compared to the healthy control group. Development of late sepsis was significantly higher in the male gender than in healthy controls. Serum uric acid levels were significantly higher in proven or clinical sepsis than in healthy controls. The level of serum uric acid (3.77±1.6) in proven sepsis was significantly higher than the control group (2.83±1.1). The uric acid level had an area under the curve (AUC) 0.552-0.717, 35% sensitivity, 95% specificity, 94.6% positive predictive value (PPV), and 36.9% negative predictive value (NPV) in the diagnosis of proven and clinical late sepsis. Neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) was significantly higher in proven sepsis than in healthy newborns and was higher in the clinical sepsis group than in the proven sepsis group (p: 0.002). While the mean eosinophil value was 618.5±472.1 in proven sepsis, it was 549.3±294.9 in the control group and there was a statistically significant difference between the two groups (p: 0.036). Conclusion In late-onset neonatal sepsis, the NLR level was higher, and the eosinophil level was lower in the clinical sepsis patients than in healthy newborns. We believe that a higher level of serum uric acid in sepsis is effective in the early diagnosis of patients who also had other clinical findings of sepsis.
The cheilion (Ch), corner of the mouth, is the soft-tissue landmark where the upper and lower lips intersect. Orthognathic surgery can modify Ch position, which can affect facial esthetics. The aims ...were to evaluate Ch movements resulting from Le Fort I maxillary advancement with maxillary impaction or downgrafting, and with mandibular advancement or setback, and to investigate relationships between surgical movements and Ch movements. The 45 patients had undergone bilateral sagittal split ramus osteotomy with Le Fort I advancement surgery. They were divided into 4 groups according to surgical movement direction. Preoperative and postoperative photographs were calibrated. Standardized methods were used to identify and measure preoperative and postoperative Ch positions. Significant correlations were detected between extent of maxillary downgrafting and inferior movement of the Ch in group 1 ( r =0.988, P =0.001) and group 3 ( r =0.915, P =0.001). Also, significant correlations were detected between extent of mandibular advancement and anterior movement of the Ch in group 3 ( r =0.561, P =0.046) and group 4 ( r =0.661, P =0.005). The findings indicate that, in patients who undergo bilateral sagittal split ramus osteotomy/Le Fort I surgeries, mandibular advancement moves Ch anteriorly and maxillary downgrafting moves Ch inferiorly.
This study aimed to determine the effects of celery powder (nitrate converted to nitrite) and cooking time on the formation of nitrosamine in sucuk. The microbiological and physicochemical properties ...were also investigated. Four sucuk batters were prepared: T1 - 100 mg/kg synthetic sodium nitrite, T2 - 150 mg/kg synthetic sodium nitrite, T3 - celery powder equivalent to 100 mg/kg nitrite, T4 - celery powder equivalent to 150 mg/ kg nitrite. After ripening (initial fermentation temperature: 24±1°C, ripening time: 7 days), the samples were subjected to the analyses. Lactic acid bacteria and Micrococcus/ Staphylococcus were not affected by the treatment. T4 treatment showed higher pH values than T1 and T2. The celery powder groups (T3 and T4) showed lower aw values than other groups (T1 and T2). No significant differences were observed between the treatments in terms of thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) value, residual nitrite level, N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) and N-nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA) contents. However, N-nitrosopiperidine (NPIP) content was found to have higher in T4 treatment. Cooking time, especially 3 min, caused a significant increase in nitrosamine content. The effect of cooking time on nitrosamines was also revealed in principal component analysis.
A granular cell tumor (GCT) is a rare, usually benign soft tissue neoplasm that is commonly seen in the head and neck region. It is derived from the Schwann cells of the peripheral nerves. GCT is ...uncommon in children. 6-year-old girl was referred to our hospital for swelling over her left scapula, and a surgical excision was performed to remove the mass. Microscopically, the tumor was composed of cells with large granular cytoplasm and small oval to round nuclei. These cells stained positively for the following proteins: S-100, CD68, neuron-specific enolase, calretinin, and inhibin A. A GCT is usually benign, with a good prognosis, and less than 2% of the cases are reported to be malignant. It is worth noting that such tumors may arise in atypical locations and there is a possibility of malignancy.
In 2020, the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has infected millions of people worldwide and caused the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Spike (S) glycoproteins ...on the viral membrane bind to ACE2 receptors on the host cell membrane and initiate fusion, and S protein is currently among the primary drug target to inhibit viral entry. The S protein can be in a receptor inaccessible (closed) or accessible (open) state based on down and up positions of its receptor-binding domain (RBD), respectively. However, conformational dynamics and the transition pathway between closed to open states remain unexplored. Here, we performed all-atom molecular dynamics (MD) simulations starting from closed and open states of the S protein trimer in the presence of explicit water and ions. MD simulations showed that RBD forms a higher number of interdomain interactions and exhibits lower mobility in its down position than its up position. MD simulations starting from intermediate conformations between the open and closed states indicated that RBD switches to the up position through a semi-open intermediate that potentially reduces the free energy barrier between the closed and open states. Free energy landscapes were constructed, and a minimum energy pathway connecting the closed and open states was proposed. Because RBD-ACE2 binding is compatible with the semi-open state, but not with the closed state of the S protein, we propose that the formation of the intermediate state is a prerequisite for the host cell recognition.
As the number of patients living with kidney failure grows, the need also grows for kidney transplantation, the gold standard kidney replacement therapy that provides a survival advantage. This may ...result in an increased rate of transplantation from HLA‐mismatched donors that increases the rate of antibody‐mediated rejection (AMR), which already is the leading cause of allograft failure. Plasmapheresis, intravenous immunoglobulin therapy, anti‐CD20 therapies (i.e., rituximab), bortezomib and splenectomy have been used over the years to treat AMR as well as to prevent AMR in high‐risk sensitized kidney transplant recipients. Eculizumab and ravulizumab are monoclonal antibodies targeting the C5 protein of the complement pathway and part of the expanding field of anticomplement therapies, which is not limited to kidney transplant recipients, and also includes complement‐mediated microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria, and ANCA‐vasculitis. In this narrative review, we summarize the current knowledge concerning the pathophysiological background and use of anti‐C5 strategies (eculizumab and ravulizumab) and C1‐esterase inhibitor in AMR, either to prevent AMR in high‐risk desensitized patients or to treat AMR as first‐line or rescue therapy and also to treat de novo thrombotic microangiopathy in kidney transplant recipients.
Anorexia nervosa (AN) and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) are often comorbid and likely to share genetic risk factors. Hence, we examine their shared genetic background using a cross-disorder ...GWAS meta-analysis of 3495 AN cases, 2688 OCD cases, and 18,013 controls. We confirmed a high genetic correlation between AN and OCD (r
= 0.49 ± 0.13, p = 9.07 × 10
) and a sizable SNP heritability (SNP h
= 0.21 ± 0.02) for the cross-disorder phenotype. Although no individual loci reached genome-wide significance, the cross-disorder phenotype showed strong positive genetic correlations with other psychiatric phenotypes (e.g., r
= 0.36 with bipolar disorder and 0.34 with neuroticism) and negative genetic correlations with metabolic phenotypes (e.g., r
= -0.25 with body mass index and -0.20 with triglycerides). Follow-up analyses revealed that although AN and OCD overlap heavily in their shared risk with other psychiatric phenotypes, the relationship with metabolic and anthropometric traits is markedly stronger for AN than for OCD. We further tested whether shared genetic risk for AN/OCD was associated with particular tissue or cell-type gene expression patterns and found that the basal ganglia and medium spiny neurons were most enriched for AN-OCD risk, consistent with neurobiological findings for both disorders. Our results confirm and extend genetic epidemiological findings of shared risk between AN and OCD and suggest that larger GWASs are warranted.
Gender equality is one of the most important determinants of health. Discriminatory interventions, values, beliefs, and prejudices of healthcare professionals during their service affect health ...adversely.
There is not adequate information about the views of healthcare professionals on gender roles.
This study was conducted to understand and define the views of healthcare professionals involved in the health system on gender roles.
This study was performed using the “phenomenological method,” one of the qualitative research methods. A total of 28 healthcare professionals - 10 midwives, 12 nurses, and 6 doctors - were included in the research. Individual in-depth interviews were held with the healthcare professionals included in the study.
As a result of the descriptive analysis performed after the individual interviews about the views of healthcare professionals on gender roles, 6 main themes were determined. These themes are (1) the neglect of women by society, (2) using force on women, (3) seeing women as sexual objects, (4) having a say in society, (5) glorified masculinity and femininity roles, and (6) gender equality.
In this study, healthcare professionals expressed that women were neglected by societies since gender roles were determined by patriarchal societies. This situation adversely influences the health of individuals. Importance should be attached to equality between women and men to improve health. Healthcare professionals who support equality will improve the quality of care.
Healthcare professionals should provide equitable services without discrimination. This equitable care they provide will positively affect the health of individuals.
Cancer is the second leading cause of death among the adult population following cardiovascular diseases. Prevention and earlier diagnosis are among the cornerstones in the management of ...malignancies. Albuminuria is a diagnostic criterion for chronic kidney disease and has been associated with multiple conditions including cardiovascular diseases and systemic inflammation while the association between albuminuria and malignancy has been inadequately addressed. Large-scale observational studies with long follow-up periods demonstrate a statistically significant association between albuminuria and overall malignancy incidence, especially urothelial malignancy incidence. However, the underlying pathophysiology linking these two entities is not a straightforward causal relationship but most likely a multidirectional relationship including a causal link. In this narrative review, we evaluate the clinical studies investigating the association between albuminuria and malignancy along with potential underlying mechanisms linking them. We also summarize data on the impact of treatment modalities prescribed for albuminuria and/or proteinuria on the prevention or prognosis of malignancies.
Over the years, prime submodules and their generalizations have played a pivotal role in commutative algebra, garnering considerable attention from numerous researchers and scholars in the field. ...This papers presents a generalization of 1-absorbing primary ideals, namely the classical 1-absorbing primary submodules. Let ℜ be a commutative ring and M an ℜ-module. A proper submodule K of M is called a classical 1-absorbing primary submodule of M, if xyzη∈K for some η∈M and nonunits x,y,z∈ℜ, then xyη∈K or ztη∈K for some t≥1. In addition to providing various characterizations of classical 1-absorbing primary submodules, we examine relationships between classical 1-absorbing primary submodules and 1-absorbing primary submodules. We also explore the properties of classical 1-absorbing primary submodules under homomorphism in factor modules, the localization modules and Cartesian product of modules. Finally, we investigate this class of submodules in amalgamated duplication of modules.
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