Here we report strain anisotropy and piezoelectric response in PMN–38PT single crystal along the spontaneous direction 〈100〉 and non-spontaneous direction 〈110〉. Piezoelectric coefficient of crystals ...oriented along 〈110〉 (
d
33〈110〉) is as high as 1200 pC/N, which is much higher than those crystals oriented along 〈001〉 direction (
d
33〈001〉=300 pC/N). Strain enduring ability is also higher along 〈110〉 direction than that along 〈001〉 direction. The results reveal that larger electric field can be applied along 〈110〉 direction and larger piezoelectric deformations are attainable. Our study offers insight on the design and optimization of ferroelectrics for enhanced piezoelectric properties.
This study examines species composition and abundance of appendicularians in the northwestern coastal waters of South China Sea based on in situ data obtained by 169
μm planktonic nets during summer ...and winter, and discusses the influence of environmental factors on their distribution and assemblages. A total of 19 appendicularian species (including one unidentified species) was collected. Species richness is higher in summer than in winter, and it increases from inshore to offshore waters. Average abundance of appendicularians is 103.1 (±198.1) and 54.6 (±111.1)
ind.
m
−3 in summer and winter, respectively. The abundance distribution of appendicularians is generally high around inshore waters during summer and winter, and with a higher abundance assemblage along the eastern coast from Leizhou Peninsula to Hainan Island, especially at the eastern mouth of Qiongzhou Strait in summer. Oikopleurids accounted for 97.5% and 99.6% of total appendicularians abundance in summer and winter, and the region of high values was the same to that of total appendicularians abundance.
Oikopleura longicauda,
Oikopleura rufescens, and
Oikopleura fusiformis are dominant species during summer and winter. Results showed that spatial distribution of species richness of appendicularians is considered to be the result of physical factors such as temperature and salinity in summer and winter, while variations in abundance of appendicularians are affected by the combination of physical and biological factors. In particular, variations of appendicularians abundance are affected by food availability in summer.
Radio and far-infrared continuum luminosities, hydrogen recombination-line luminosities, and other data were used to constrain the ionization rate, Type II supernova rate nu(SN), and bolometric ...luminosity of Mrk 325 and of other starburst galaxies. A new method was used to derive much lower values of nu(SN) from the nonthermal radio luminosity, thereby avoiding the difficulties or contradictions of earlier models. The starburst model provides a quantitative explanation for the observed correlation between the far-infrared and the (mostly nonthermal) radio continuum flux densities of starburst galaxies. 51 refs.
Polycrystalline BiFeO3 films were fabricated by radio frequency magnetron sputtering using a Bi1.1FeO3 target onto the glass and Si/SiO2/Ti/Pt substrates respectively. The samples which were annealed ...with different annealing conditions are pure without impurities. Our results indicate that there are relatively wider growth conditions for pure polycrystalline BFO phases.
The novel ferromagnetic shape memory alloy Mn
50
Ni
28
Ga
22
exhibits a single martensite phase with tetragonal structure at room temperature. Its martensite structure was investigated by scanning ...electron acoustic microscopy. Stripe twin variants exist in every grain and exhibit the configurations of the typical self-accommodation arrangement. The interfaces between twin variants are straight and clear. However, the magnetic domain walls obtained by the Bitter method coincide well with the twin variant boundaries. The first direct evidence of the coincidence between micron-scale magnetic domains and martensite variants is presented. These results will be beneficial for the development of ferromagnetic shape memory alloys and for the understanding of the correlation between magnetic domains and crystallographic twin variant domains as well.
Based on a three-link model, this paper presents a multi-objective retrofit optimization algorithm that simultaneously takes into account capacity expansions and uses of energy. This approach was ...successfully applied to retrofit an aromatic fractionation unit. Compared to the original system, the capacity of the retrofitted system increased by 28% and the energy consumption decreased by 81.4%. The proposed retrofit method is suitable for the simultaneous optimization of expansion and energy integration in process systems.
Lead magnesium niobate–lead titanate (PMN–PT) ceramic fibres with the nominal composition of 0.65Pb(Mg
1/3Nb
2/3)O
3–0.35PbTiO
3 were synthesised using PMN–PT single crystal powder and poly(acrylic ...acid). The fibres were extruded directly by pressing the mixture through a spinneret. The fibres were well crystallised after sintering at 1250
°C and the final diameter was around 300
μm. The microstructural properties of the fibres were investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The electrical characteristics of the fibre were determined by measuring the hysteresis
D–
E loop, relative permittivity and impedance spectrum. The measured results showed that this method can be used to fabricate PMN–PT fibres with good performance.
Oxcarbazepine (Trileptal) is an antiepileptic drug used as monotherapy or adjunctive therapy in the treatment of partial seizures in adults and children. The primary objective of this study was to ...assess the bioequivalence of Trileptal oral suspension formulation vs. the film-coated tablet after single and multiple twice-daily administrations in fasted, healthy Chinese male subjects.
This was an open-label, randomized, two-period crossover study in 19 healthy Chinese male subjects. Treatment periods consisted of a single dose of 300 mg oxcarbazepine (either oral suspension formulation or film-coated tablet) on Day 1, b.i.d. administrations of 300 mg from Day 4 to Day 8 inclusive, and a final dose of 300 mg on the morning of Day 9. A 1-week washout period was implemented between treatment periods. Plasma levels of 10-monohydroxy derivative (MHD), the main metabolite mediating the pharmacologic activity of oxcarbazepine, were measured by a validated liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method. Bioequivalence was assessed by the MHD areas under the concentration time curve (AUCs) and maximum concentrations (Cmax) of the oral suspension vs. the film-coated tablet. Safety was evaluated throughout the study.
Trileptal oral suspension formulation was bioequivalent to film-coated tablet after single dose and multiple b.i.d. administrations, as assessed by MHD AUCs and Cmax. The 90% confidence intervals (CI) of the geometric mean of the MHD individual ratios were within the bioequivalence CI limits (0.80 - 1.25). No safety concerns were raised.
Trileptal oral suspension formulation and film-coated tablets are bioequivalent in healthy Chinese males.
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