EVs suffer from short driving range because of limited capacity of the battery. An advantage of EVs over internal-combustion vehicles is the ability of regenerative braking (RB). By this advantage, ...EVs can develop energy by RB which can be stored in the battery for later use to increase the driving range of EVs. There are different motors that can be used in EVs, and the control during RB mode is dedicated for certain motor types. However, the previous studies for EV-based IM drives consider the motor-speed control without considering its RB. This paper proposes a robust control of induction motor (IM) during RB mode of EVs. The proposed control system is simple and depends only on mathematical calculations. The obtained results confirm the effectiveness and accuracy of the suggested control strategy with a good dynamic behavior under different operating conditions. Also, the results assure the robustness of control capabilities under parameters uncertainties during the RB mode of EV-based IM drives.
To supply resident loads far from the grid, a stand-alone wind system with a small-scale wind turbine and battery storage can be used. The traditional configuration of the system has a ...permanent-magnet synchronous generator (PMSG). Other alternative configurations use doubly fed induction generator (DFIG). The systems with DFIG have variable speed operation with a limited speed range which reduces the captured power from the wind turbine. Also, there is a rotor-side converter (RSC) which carries the reactive power of DFIG, in addition to the slip power. In this paper, an improved system configuration with DFIG is controlled by an advanced control scheme. By this advanced scheme, the speed range is increased such that maximum power operation of wind turbine is obtained for complete range of wind speed, and volt-ampere (VA) requirements of RSC are reduced by the operation at nearly zero-slip power.
The history of modern political economy, a major subfield within Middle Eastern Studies, is largely considered to have been eclipsed by the growing interest in the history and politics of identity in ...the 1990s. In this article, I explain the newfound academic interest in engaging with capitalism as a historical object in relation to the modern Middle East. I argue that the new rubric of “History of Capitalism,” which was forged in the context of the contemporary crisis of capitalism, has allowed historians to approach the economy anew with analytical tools drawn mainly from cultural history. Based on surveying this new body of scholarship on the modern Middle East, I suggest organizing it around three main themes: Economic Thought, Consumerism, and Infrastructure. After discussing the main research questions animating each of these categories, I conclude by highlighting the potential inherent in the historiographical eclecticism of this wave of interest in studying capitalist processes.
In 1871, an Italian-Jewish printer published a peculiar Arabic treatise from Cairo. It promoted strengthening legal pluralism in Khedival Egypt by realigning laws there to accord with those of the ...Ottoman Empire and European states. Composed by the printer’s legal team, the treatise questioned how justice could be obtained if the extraterritorial privileges of European subjects and protégés were not guaranteed. The printer had been motivated by his own plight: a test of the Egyptian merchant courts left him mired in a catch-22, whereby he could either accept an imperfect verdict, or demand extralegal measures. Choosing the latter option, the treatise embodied his desperate bid to promote his cause. Its importance stems from its very existence. It gave form to the printer’s tricky predicament by grasping at different genres of legal writing; it made his personal story relevant to all by entering it into the public domain; and it audaciously called for strengthening Roman law in Egypt. While the document’s actual influence cannot be ascertained, it anticipated wider historical developments regarding the practice and conception of print and law in the modern Middle East.
Abstract
Background
Gynecomastia is defined clinically as generalized enlargement of the male breast tissue, with the presence of a rubbery or firm mass extending concentrically and symmetrically ...from the nipple, accompanied by histopathological benign proliferation of the glandular male breast tissue. It usually occurs bilaterally and is the most common breast condition in males.
Aim of the Work
To review the differentiate between Inverted U shaped incision & round block technique used in management of grade II & III gyencomastia according to results, complications and patient satisfaction for operation.
Patients and Methods
This is a prospective clinical trial that conducted on thirty two (32) patients presented to Ain Shams University Hospital & Um El Masyreen General Hospital with gynecomastia grade II & III. Study period was One year, including (operation and 3-6 months follow up).
Results
In our study, statistics shows to some extent the preference of inverted U shaped incision over round block technique according to operation time, but verses according to post-operative Drain duration. However, there is no significant difference between the two approaches in incidence of seroma, hematoma, nipple areola complex complications, patient satisfaction and Aesthetic outcome.
Conclusion
Surgical management of high grades gynecomastia is a big challenge and there is no single approach is recommended between surgeons.
Stools from colorectal cancer patients are noninvasive samples that could be used to compare the frequency of hotspot mutations between two different ethnic cohorts.
We collected stool samples from ...the Iranian cohort (52 patients and 49 controls) and the Finnish cohort (40 patients and 14 controls). Following stool DNA extraction, we used the AmpliSeq Colon and Lung Cancer panel to prepare DNA libraries before sequencing.
The Iranian cohort exhibited 35 hotspot mutations in the
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
, and
genes. In the Finnish cohort, 13 hotspot mutations were found in the
,
,
,
,
,
, and
genes. Mutations in
and
were observed only in the Iranian cohort, while
mutations were exclusive for the Finnish cohort.
Genes involved in MAPK and PI3K-MAPK pathways showed a higher frequency of mutations in Iranian patients which may have therapeutic implications.
Abstract Polygenic scores (PGSs) offer the ability to predict genetic risk for complex diseases across the life course; a key benefit over short-term prediction models. To produce risk estimates ...relevant to clinical and public health decision-making, it is important to account for varying effects due to age and sex. Here, we develop a novel framework to estimate country-, age-, and sex-specific estimates of cumulative incidence stratified by PGS for 18 high-burden diseases. We integrate PGS associations from seven studies in four countries ( N = 1,197,129) with disease incidences from the Global Burden of Disease. PGS has a significant sex-specific effect for asthma, hip osteoarthritis, gout, coronary heart disease and type 2 diabetes (T2D), with all but T2D exhibiting a larger effect in men. PGS has a larger effect in younger individuals for 13 diseases, with effects decreasing linearly with age. We show for breast cancer that, relative to individuals in the bottom 20% of polygenic risk, the top 5% attain an absolute risk for screening eligibility 16.3 years earlier. Our framework increases the generalizability of results from biobank studies and the accuracy of absolute risk estimates by appropriately accounting for age- and sex-specific PGS effects. Our results highlight the potential of PGS as a screening tool which may assist in the early prevention of common diseases.
A field-orientation scheme is a typical control technique of induction motors to obtain sophisticated performance. The stator field-oriented control is less sensitive to parameter variations than the ...rotor field-oriented control. In addition, the estimation of the stator flux is more accurate than that of the rotor flux. Therefore, the stator flux system is considered a good choice for variable speed drives. However, the traditional configuration of the system includes four PI controllers which need effort in tuning. In this article, simple calculations are proposed such that the configuration and performance of the stator field-oriented control systems are improved by including only two PI controllers. In addition, with the aid of the machine phase axes, a simple procedure for the speed estimation target is suggested to effectively estimate the rotor speed of the machine with a direct estimation without any need for a PI controller or additional observers in the speed observer procedure. The obtained results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme.
Background
Nonsyndromic anterior plagiocephaly is one of the most common types of craniosynostosis. Different surgical techniques to correct this deformity have been developed with dissatisfaction ...among many surgeons. In this study, we describe a novel surgical technique to manage this pathology
.
The inclusion criteria were patients presenting with non-syndromic anterior plagiocephaly below 1 year of age presenting to the Pediatric Hospital in the period between 2016 and 2019. Surgical time, blood loss, and complications were recorded. The follow-up period was at least 1 year postoperative, and cosmetic outcome satisfactory categories were reported.
Results
Seven patients were included in this study. No intraoperative complications were reported, and no blood replacement was needed in any of the patients. The parents of six patients were completely satisfied (85.7%) with the outcome and partially satisfied in 1 patient (14.3%).
Conclusion
The results of the described rotational overlapping flap technique are promising and can be considered one of the minimally invasive techniques for the correction of this pathology.
غالبًا ما يُعالج موضوع عقود نقل التكنولوجيا من وجهة نظر الدولة المستورِدة للتكنولوجيا كوسيلة مُشبعةٍ بالدعاية السياسية لتحقيق التطور الاقتصادي المرغوب. ما قد يجعل العقد غير قادر على تحقيق الغايات ...المرجوة منه، المتمثلة في الوصول إلى مستوىً تكنولوجي مكافئ لمستوى المُوَرِّد، دون التغافل عمّا يمكن أن يترتب عن ذلك من تكاليف باهظة قد تتحملها الأجيال اللاحقة. وتهدف هذه الدراسة إلى توضيح وجهة نظر المُوَرِّد للتكنولوجيا في محل العقد وتوضيح الأسباب السياسية والاقتصادية والقانونية لعدم نجاح الكثير من هذه العقود، وهو ما من شأنه أن يمنح لواقع هذه العقود رؤية أكثر شمولًا وواقعية، لعلها تسهم في إنجاحها مستقبلًا. لمناقشة إشكالية إخراج عقد نقل التكنولوجيا من إطاره القانوني وإدخاله في الترويج السياسي، في حالتي سوريا ومصر، يتبع البحث المنهج المقارن التقليدي في مقارنة السلوك القانوني والسياسي لكل من طرفي العقد على أساس الفعل ورد الفعل، بتحليل ودراسة بعض عقود نقل التكنولوجيا التي جرى -أو كان من المفترض أن يجري- تنفيذها في سوريا ومصر منذ خمسينيات القرن الماضي. ويخلص إلى البحث نتائج من أهمها: إنّ استخدام العقد كدعاية سياسية يؤدي إلى فشل نقل التكنولوجيا والتطور الاقتصادي، وأن شرط مراعاة العقد لمصالح الطرفين يقتضي تحقيق المنفعة المتبادلة، سواء كانت تعبيرًا عن كمال معنوي بالنسبة إلى المورد أو كوسيلة للتطور الاقتصادي بالنسبة إلى المستورد.
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