Mammalian spermatogenesis is a highly ordered process that is determined by chromatin-associated moderators which still remain poorly understood. Through a multi-control group proteomics strategy, we ...confirmed that Sugp2 was a chromatin-associated candidate protein, and its signal arose along spermatogenesis. The expression results showed that Sugp2, which is mainly expressed in the testis, had two transcripts, encoding one protein. During spermatogenesis, Sugp2 was enriched in the nucleus of male germ cells. With the depletion of Sugp2 by CRISPER-Cas9 technology, we found that Sugp2 controlled a network of genes on metal ion and ATP binding, suggesting that alternative splicing regulation by Sugp2 is involved in cellular ion and energy metabolism during spermatogenesis, while it had a little effect on meiotic progression and male fertility. Collectively, these data demonstrated that, as a chromatin-associated protein, Sugp2 mediated the alternative splicing regulatory network during spermatogenesis.
We investigate the near-field radiative heat transfer in a three-body system made of Weyl semimetals. At infinitesimal temperature gradient, the rotation of the middle and the right bodies leads to ...heat transfer suppression, enabling thermal switching with considerably enhanced heat flux but slightly smaller ratio than two-body system without the middle body, due to stronger cavity surface plasmon polariton modes and their mismatch caused by relative rotation. By further moving the middle body to induce asymmetric cavity sizes, the three-body system can achieve a switching ratio exceeding the two-body counterpart due to asymmetric cavity modes coupling. As the temperature gradient increases to 200 K, the highest switching ratio by optimally tuning the rotation and cavity size asymmetry decreases slightly yet still outperforms the two-body system. Our results provide important understanding of the near-field radiative heat transfer in many-body systems consisting of Weyl semimetals.
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease with increasing prevalence worldwide. NAFLD could develop from simple hepatic steatosis to nonalcoholic ...steatohepatitis (NASH), NASH-related fibrosis, cirrhosis, and even hepatocellular carcinoma. However, the mechanism of NAFLD development has not yet been fully defined. Recently, emerging evidence shows that the dysregulated iron metabolism marked by elevated serum ferritin, and ferroptosis are involved in the NAFLD. Understanding iron metabolism and ferroptosis can shed light on the mechanisms of NAFLD development. Here, we summarized studies on iron metabolism and the ferroptosis process involved in NAFLD development to highlight potential medications and therapies for treating NAFLD.
•Compared to the bulk system, the near-field radiative heat transfer is significantly enhanced by incorporating multilayer Weyl semimetals when the rotation and the material loss are simultaneously ...modulated.•The heat transfer enhancement can be optimized by further tuning the off-diagonal component in the permittivity tensor of the Weyl semimetal.•The substantial heat transfer enhancement in the multilayer system is attributed to the strong surface states coupling and vanishing nonreciprocal surface plasmon polaritons when the system has mirror-symmetry and properly chosen material properties.
Modulation of near-field heat transfer by introducing relative rotation has been previously demonstrated in a two-body system using bulk Weyl semimetals. Here, we first show that, compared with the bulk system, the heat transfer is significantly enhanced by incorporating multilayer Weyl semimetals when the rotation and the material loss are simultaneously modulated. With reduced loss, the multilayer systems having rotation angles of π on both bodies achieve much substantial enhancement than their counterparts in which the rotation angle of one body is 0. In addition, further tuning the off-diagonal components in the permittivity tensor of the Weyl semimetal allows an optimal enhancement. The considerable heat transfer enhancements in the multilayer system over the bulk system are attributed to the vanishing nonreciprocal surface plasmon polariton mode with the rotation of π and appropriately chosen material properties. Our results provide critical understanding on the heat transfer in multilayer Weyl semimetal systems.
•Significant thermal rectification is achieved by the system consisting of two Weyl semimetal nanoparticles and the graphene nanoribbons underneath, both of which are nonreciprocal materials.•The ...rectification can be optimized by tuning the rotation angles of the two particles and the loss factor of the Weyl semimetal, which enable directional coupling between the particle resonance mode and the surface mode.•Further optimization of thermal rectification can be realized by tuning the properties of the graphene nanoribbons.•The thermal rectification can be disabled by constructing a certain symmetry in the system.
We demonstrate tunable thermal rectification enabled by near-field radiative heat transfer between two Weyl semimetal nanoparticles above graphene nanoribbons by rotating the particles and varying their loss factors. We show that, through the rotation, the thermal rectification, quantified by the ratio between the heat powers in the forward and backward directions, is significantly enhanced thanks to the nonreciprocal particles and the substrate that are more strongly coupled than the counterpart systems having reciprocal particles. We reveal that nonreciprocal particles induce spinning Poynting vectors, whose directions can be controlled by rotating the particles and can selectively couple to surface modes excited in the graphene nanoribbons. In addition, by optimizing the loss factor of the particles, the ratio is further improved. Interestingly, we find that when the rotation angles and the loss factor are appropriately chosen, thermal rectification disappears despite nonreciprocal materials in the system. Similarly, the rectification disappears when certain symmetry is satisfied in the system. Our results provide important understanding of nonreciprocal near-field radiative heat transfer in particle-substrate systems involving Weyl semimetals that offer multiple control knobs.
Non-Hermitian physical systems have enriched wave control abilities and dynamics of wave matter, especially around exceptional points (EPs). In this work, we theoretically, numerically, and ...experimentally studied an LR-shunted mechanical resonator for the observation of the exceptional point. The shunted resonator was composed of a mechanical resonator with a bonded piezoelectric patch and an LR-shunted circuit. A theoretical model for the LR-shunted resonator was first developed, and the exceptional point was identified from this theoretical model via a parameter space study. It was found that by varying the shunting circuit parameters, i.e., inductance and resistance, such a simple design supports the non-Hermitian degeneracy, namely the exceptional point. At the vicinity of the EP, the LR-shunted mechanical resonator had a square-root dependence on the external perturbation related to the nominal resistance. Next, we designed and fabricated a shunted resonator to verify our design through numerical analysis and experimental measurements. Moreover, our proposed LR-shunted resonator provides the possibility to dynamically encircle an exceptional point due to external stimuli. Our approach sheds light on the designs of chiral effect systems and dynamically tailoring losses in elasticity, and it enables alternative solutions for nondestructive structural health monitoring with enhanced sensitivity.
•The exceptional point was observed with an LR-shunted mechanical resonator.•Near the exceptional point, the frequency splitting had a square-root dependence.•The platform allows alternative designs of enhanced-sensing and time-varying devices.
This erratum corrects a typographical error in Eq. (4) of our published paper
Opt. Express
30
(
18
),
31584
(
2022
).
10.1364/OE.465017
. This misprint does not influence the results and conclusions ...presented in the original Article.
Abstract
The rational design of a step‐scheme (S‐scheme) heterojunctions in hybrid semiconductors by avoiding unwanted charge transport paths is considered as an attractive way to achieve high ...photocatalytic activity in hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Here, a dual S‐scheme heterojunction formed in the lychee‐shaped W
18
O
49
/CdWO
4
/CdS nanostructures is proposed for improving the photocatalytic performance in HER under visible light irradiation. The remarkable activity in photocatalytic HER of W
18
O
49
/CdWO
4
/CdS is attributed to the unique structure and effective charge separation by the photoinduced defect‐transit dual S‐scheme mechanism and strong internal electric field. The measurements of X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), femtosecond transient absorption (fs‐TA) spectroscopy, and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) further confirm the photoinduced carrier transfer pathways following the dual S‐scheme mechanism. This research can provide a new strategy for designing the dual S‐scheme heterojunctions to improve photocatalytic performance through the defect band structure engineering.
•Temperature-pressure controlled simulation experiments can completely simulate the change of coal from low coal rank to high coal rank.•The pore characteristics of the tar-rich coal during coal ...metamorphism were studied, and the pore evolution law of the tar-rich coal was revealed.•Three phases of tar-rich coal pore evolution can be distinguished, and there is a strong correlation between these stages and the coalification jumps.
Tar-rich coal, with a tar yield of 7–12%, has significant potential for hydrocarbon resources. In this study, typical tar-rich coal samples from Daliuta mining area were selected as the research object to conduct temperature–pressure controlled simulation experiments that simulated stratigraphic conditions. The pore characteristics of the tar-rich coal during coal metamorphism were studied, and the pore evolution law of the tar-rich coal was revealed. The findings demonstrate that this experiment successfully simulates all coal ranks, from low coal rank to high coal rank. Tar-rich coals contain pores of five different genetic types. Gas pores and fissures exhibit a tendency toward growth, while cellular pores are gradually broken and collapsed by compaction, showing a tendency to reduce pores. Mold pores and intergranular pores remain basically unchanged. According to the quantitative analysis of pore structure, each pore has a different evolutionary pattern. Macropores are the primary source of pore volume, micropores are the most active pore component in evolution, and mesopores exhibit a diminishing and then growing “U” shape characteristic. Three phases of tar-rich coal pore evolution—Ro, max < 0.9%, Ro, max = 0.9–3%, and Ro, max > 3%—can be distinguished, and there is a strong correlation between these stages and the coalification jumps.
While anti-reflective properties of pyramid texture are widely used, their use for thermal radiation control has received relatively little attention and the understanding of geometric parameters for ...design optimization is not well established. Here we use finite-difference time-domain simulations in conjunction with an algorithm to optimize thermal characteristics of micropyramid-textured metallic, ceramic, and polymer materials. Our simulations indicate that the pyramid height-to-base ratio is an effective parameter in developing an engineered thermal response. For nickel, the micropyramids with 2-4 height-to-base ratios over 0.5-4 µm base spans provide near-perfect absorption in 300-2500 nm wavelengths. The electric field analysis shows the optical properties are driven by the effects of localized resonance and field confinement. Our thermal cost function-based optimization has led to micropyramid texture that can have a significant impact on heating or cooling such as the solar absorption increase in nickel from 337 to 982 W/m
2
, the thermal emission increase in alumina from 106 to 170 W/m
2
, and the thermal emission increase in PDMS from 160 to 172 W/m
2
. This work not only provides the understanding of micropyramid properties for thermal radiation control but also presents an algorithmic process that could be used for efficient optical-thermal optimization of geometries beyond micropyramids.
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