Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a highly heterogeneous disorder exhibiting considerable epidemiological, clinical and immunopathological variations across patients with distinct ethnic backgrounds ...and in different geographic locations. Asian CRS patients present less eosinophilic and type 2 (T2) inflammation, but more prominent neutrophilic inflammation compared with patients in Western countries. Although several biologics targeting important elements of T2 inflammation, such as IL‐4, IL‐5, IL‐13 and IgE, demonstrate promising benefit for Caucasian patients with recurrent nasal polyps, their efficacy in Asian patients remains poorly defined. The distinct endotypes in Asian patients warrant the identification and selection of patients who would benefit from T2 biologics in Asian countries. Additionally, developing novel treatments targeting neutrophilic, type 1, and type 3 inflammation may benefit approximately 50% of Asian CRS patients with non‐T2 inflammation. In this review, we summarized and discussed recent progress in the study of Asian CRS endotypes in comparison with those in patients in Western countries, and the methods of identifying Asian patients with eosinophilic or T2 inflammation. T2 biologic treatment of Asian CRS patients, potential therapeutic candidates targeting non‐T2 inflammation in Asian CRS patients and the progress on developing other T2 biologics were discussed.
Patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) in Asian and Western countries demonstrate distinct endotypes. Asian patients with CRS with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) present less type 2 (T2) inflammation and more mixed inflammation compared with patients in Western countries. It is critical to identify and select patients who would benefit from T2 biologics in Asian countries.
Nowadays nanomaterials have been widely used to remove heavy metals from water/wastewater due to their large surface area and high reactivity. Humic acid (HA) and fulvic acid (FA) exist ubiquitously ...in aquatic environments and have a variety of functional groups which allow them to complex with metal ions and interact with nanomaterials. These interactions can not only alter the environmental behavior of nanomaterials, but also influence the removal and transportation of heavy metals by nanomaterials. Thus, the interactions and the underlying mechanisms involved warrant specific investigations. This review outlined the effects of HA/FA on the removal of heavy metals from aqueous solutions by various nanomaterials, mainly including carbon-based nanomaterials, iron-based nanomaterials and photocatalytic nanomaterials. Moreover, mechanisms involved in the interactions were discussed and potential environmental implications of HA/FA to nanomaterials and heavy metals were evaluated.
•The review outlined heavy metals' removal from water by nanomaterials affected by HA/FA.•Potential mechanisms involved in the interactions were discussed.•Environmental implications of HA/FA to nanomaterials and heavy metals were evaluated.•Outlook for further challenges and potential development was also offered.
The adsorption of chromium (VI) ions from aqueous solution by ethylenediamine-modified cross-linked magnetic chitosan resin (EMCMCR) was studied in a batch adsorption system. Chromium (VI) removal is ...pH dependent and the optimum adsorption was observed at pH 2.0. The adsorption rate was extremely fast and the equilibrium was established within 6–10
min. The adsorption data could be well interpreted by the Langmuir and Temkin model. The maximum adsorption capacities obtained from the Langmuir model are 51.813
mg
g
−1, 48.780
mg
g
−1 and 45.872
mg
g
−1 at 293, 303 and 313
K, respectively. The adsorption process could be described by pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The intraparticle diffusion study revealed that film diffusion might be involved in the present case. Thermodynamic parameters revealed the feasibility, spontaneity and exothermic nature of adsorption. The sorbents were successfully regenerated using 0.1
N NaOH solutions.
In order to achieve the large-scale, long-distance and high-efficiency trans-regional electricity transmission, it is of significance to construct a strong and national smart grid with ultra-high ...voltage (UHV) transmission system as its backbone and the coordinated development of power grids at all levels, which will enhance the resources allocation capacity of grid, promote the large-scale integration into grid of renewable energy, and further mitigate the power shortage in eastern and southern China. This paper starts with the analysis of the regional grids' supply and demand situation in China, and then analyzes the development status and existing issues of China's trans-regional electricity transmission. Finally, strategies and recommendations are proposed.
We sought to explore the prevalence and immediate clinical implications of acute myocardial injury in a cohort of patients with COVID-19 in a region of China where medical resources are less stressed ...than in Wuhan (the epicentre of the pandemic).
We prospectively assessed the medical records, laboratory results, chest CT images and use of medication in a cohort of patients presenting to two designated covid-19 treatment centres in Sichuan, China. Outcomes of interest included death, admission to an intensive care unit (ICU), need for mechanical ventilation, treatment with vasoactive agents and classification of disease severity. Acute myocardial injury was defined by a value of high-sensitivity troponin T (hs-TnT) greater than the normal upper limit.
A total of 101 cases were enrolled from January to 10 March 2020 (average age 49 years, IQR 34-62 years). Acute myocardial injury was present in 15.8% of patients, nearly half of whom had a hs-TnT value fivefold greater than the normal upper limit. Patients with acute myocardial injury were older, with a higher prevalence of pre-existing cardiovascular disease and more likely to require ICU admission (62.5% vs 24.7%, p=0.003), mechanical ventilation (43.5% vs 4.7%, p<0.001) and treatment with vasoactive agents (31.2% vs 0%, p<0.001). Log hs-TnT was associated with disease severity (OR 6.63, 95% CI 2.24 to 19.65), and all of the three deaths occurred in patients with acute myocardial injury.
Acute myocardial injury is common in patients with COVID-19 and is associated with adverse prognosis.
Progesterone is required for the establishment and maintenance of mammalian pregnancy and widely used for conservative treatment of luteal phase deficiency in clinics. However, there are limited ...solid evidences available for the optimal timing and dose of progesterone therapy, especially for the possible adverse effects on implantation and decidualization when progesterone is administrated empirically. In our study, mouse models were used to examine effects of excess progesterone on embryo implantation and decidualization. Our data indicate that excess progesterone is not only harmful for mouse implantation, but also impairs mouse decidualization. In excess progesterone-treated mice, the impaired LIF/STAT3 pathway and dysregulated endoplasmic reticulum stress may lead to the inhibition of embryo implantation and decidualization. It is possible that the decrease in birth weight of excess progesterone-treated mice is due to a compromised embryo implantation and decidualization. Furthermore, excess progesterone compromises in vitro decidualization of human endometrial stromal cells.
With the integration of increased variable renewable energy generation and advent of liberalized electricity market, much attention has been devoted on the development of pumped hydro energy storage ...(PHES) as it has many prominent advantages of ensuring the safe and steady operation of power grid. In China, PHES has met a booming periods for the last ten years. Currently, there are 24 PHES stations with an installed capacity of 16.95GW while government's target of 2020 is 50.02GW. In this paper we provide an overall review of China's PHES development with a detailed presentation of the installed capacity and distribution of existing and proposed PHES stations, examine 4 typical stations in order to give a good description for the practical functions of PHES in power grid, analyze the management mode and price mechanism of PHES operation and point out the barriers in PHES development in China. State Grid Corporation of China (SGCC), which are making great efforts on China's PHES development, is discussed as a role model. On that basis we suggest PHES in the fast developing period should be temporarily operated and scheduled by grid companies in terms of exertion of its positive effects, while government should also take responsibility to subsidize on the stations' operation to relieve the price pressure of the ever-growing integration of renewable energy.
With the support of national policies, China's renewable energy generation industry has experienced a rapid development period and entered the world forefront level, especially in the aspects of ...installed capacity and speed of newly installed capacity. However, with the rapid development of renewable energy, the power generation industry is facing more and more challenges, particularly in investment and financing. As for wind power industry, there are also some problems such as single financing channels, blindness of projects investment and so on, which will result in financing difficulties for some advanced projects. In addition, the problems for the investment of photovoltaic (PV) power generation leads to vicious competition and a tumble in international market, thus the overcapacity of China's entire PV industry emerges. Generally speaking, the renewable energy industry is facing a seemingly contradictory predicament of funding deficiencies and blind investment, which is derived from the government-centered renewable energy investment and financing. This government-centered mode has promoted the development of renewable energy industry in the early stage, but it cannot be adapted to the requirements of sustainable development. In view of these, the problems of renewable energy investment and financing are deeply studied in this paper.
This paper proceeds as follows: Firstly, the overview of the development of China's renewable energy industry is briefly introduced. Secondly, the status quo of China's renewable energy investment and financing is explored in detail based on overview of the following five perspectives: investment situation; investment and financing bodies; investment and financing means; sources of funding and financing channels. Secondly, the patterns and characteristics of renewable energy financing are summarized and a comparative analysis of wind power and photovoltaic power generation financing means is carried out. Finally, renewable energy investment and financing issues are discussed and further feasible proposals are put forward. In all, this paper is of great significance in the sustainable and healthy development of China's renewable energy.
SrTiO3/BiOI heterostructure photocatalysts were successfully fabricated through a facile chemical bath method with assistant of the ethylene glycol, which exhibit an efficient charge separation and ...excellent catalytic ability in removing different refractory pollutants.
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•Novel SrTiO3/BiOI heterojunction photocatalysts were fabricated.•A wider application in the degradation of refractory pollutants.•The factors affecting the photocatalytic performance were investigated.•The degradation process of MO and OTTCH was monitor by 3D EEMs.•The in-depth mechanisms insight of charge separation.
Novel SrTiO3/BiOI heterostructure photocatalysts were successfully fabricated through a facile chemical bath method with assistant of the ethylene glycol. The photocatalysts were applied to minimize methyl orange (MO), bisphenol A (BPA), antibiotic oxytetracycline hydrochloride (OTTCH) under visible light irradiation. The SrTiO3/BiOI composites exhibited excellent photocatalytic performance towards the different refractory pollutants. Especially, the sample of STB-22.12 possessed the best photocatalytic performance in all the obtained catalysts. Several reaction parameters affecting degradation such as initial concentration, ion species were investigated systematically. Three-dimensional excitation–emission matrix fluorescence spectroscopy (3D EEMs) was used to further investigate the MO and OTTCH molecule degradation process. The photocatalytic mechanism over composite photocatalyst is systematically investigated by active species trapping experiments, ESR technique and Mott–Schottky measurements. Moreover, the energy band alignments of SrTiO3/BiOI heterostructure were confirmed via combining DRS and XPS analysis, which provided strong support for the proposed mechanism. This work could provide a deeper insight for the heterojunction catalyst.
In order to comparing and explaining the experimental infrared, electronic absorption and emission spectra of tris (4‐methyl‐1‐(1‐methyl‐1H‐benzo d imidazol‐2‐yl) −4H‐benzo d ...imidazo1,5‐aimidazol‐3‐yl) methyl (L6), density functional theory calculations were performed to systematically study the spectral properties of several species with different electronic states (L6+, L6 and HL6+), as well as the axial substituted derivative with methoxy group (L6‐OCH3). The main peaks in the vibrational, electronic absorption and emission spectra were assigned in detail. Roles of molecular electronic states and axial substitution on the spectral properties are revealed. The calculated spectra are compared with experimental results to distinguish the nature of L6 in crystal and solvent. This work combing experiment and theoretical calculations would be good example for clarifying molecular electronic states and, thus, promising the practice application of such kind of novel molecules.
Infrared, electronic absorption and emission spectra of several L6 species with different electronic states (L6+, L6 and HL6+) as well as the axial ‐OCH3 substituted derivative (L6‐OCH3) are studied through combined DFT and experimental methods. The previous assignments of cation radical HL6+ or radical L6 are proved to be not correct due to the absence of characteristic electronic absorption bands. This work not only shows effect of electronic states and axial substitution on the spectroscopic properties but also provides a practical method for assigning experimental spectra and determining compound nature.
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