We used video recordings of spawning behaviour of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus intermedius conducted in parallel with an analysis of gonadal state and measurement of environmental variables ...(tidal level, phytoplankton, temperature, salinity and oxygen concentration) in situ to study the role of environmental factors in triggering sea urchin spawning. The observations were performed during 3 reproductive seasons, each of 2 mo duration, in 2 bays with different levels of phytoplankton (measured as chlorophyll a chl a). The only significant positive correlation found was between sea urchin spawning frequency and chl a concentration. Despite a high level of gonad maturity, sea urchin spawning was rarely recorded in the bay with low levels of chl a whereas mass spawning occurred in the bay with higher chl a concentration, with the peak of spawning activity centred around the full moon. Spawning was predominantly nocturnal. Immediately before and during spawning, males actively moved. Females began to spawn only when there were several spawning males nearby. In both sexes, each spawning event included several episodes of gamete release of different duration and with different intervals between them. The same male likely can participate in several spawning events. The following hierarchy of drivers of S. intermedius spawning activity was revealed: (1) increasing the phytoplankton concentration induced active motion and spawning in males, (2) both an elevated phytoplankton level and the presence of sperm stimulated spawning in females and (3) the night time and the new and full lunar phases increased the probability of spawning.
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•New design of semi-transparent solar thermoelectric nanogenerator is developed.•Electrodeposited array of ZnO nanorods on FTO substrate studied.•Crystal structure and optical ...properties of ZnO/FTO composition were analyzed.•Temperature gradient creates under heating of ZnO/FTO composition by sunlight.•ZnO/FTO based nanogenerator is useful for energy efficient glazing.
In this work we developed and successfully tested a new design of semi-transparent solar thermoelectric nanogenerator (NG) based on the pulsed electrodeposited array of ZnO nanorods on transparent conducting fluorine doped tin oxide (FTO) substrate. An operation of this NG caused by a distinguishable temperature gradient between 1-D ZnO array and uncoated FTO that spontaneously created under heating of ZnO/FTO composition, including under the influence of sunlight. The developed NG combines benefits of low thermal emittance of FTO and ZnO coatings with TE technology for the harvesting of photo-thermal energy of outdoor sunlight by the windows themselves to produce electricity. The network of such NGs can be integrated harmoniously into buildings without affecting the overall aesthetics and serve as a source of electricity sufficiently high to make sensors entirely autonomous in energy by the harvesting solar near-infrared radiation and heat from ambient.
The article presents a new design of vertical thermoelectric nanogenerator (TENG) on the base of thin-film CuI/FTO composition with ohmic Cr/Cu contacts, which combines the functions of UV–Visible ...photosensor. Its functioning as the TENG carried out due to the spontaneous temperature gradient approximately 7 K, which occurs under the uniform heating of the entire device at temperature 30 °C. The open circuit voltage of TENG test sample is
V
oc
= 0.09 mV and maximum output power is
P
max
= 0.4 nW at temperature 50 °C. UV–Visible photosensor based on Cu/Cr/CuI/FTO/Cr/Cu composition possess high values of photocurrents
I
ph
under illumination, which eliminates necessity of amplification of the photosensor signal. The photoresponse and reset times of the photosensor are τ
p
≈ 30–100 s and τ
r
≈ 20–100 s, respectively. The explanation of the possibility of using CuI thin films, solution-produced by the affordable successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR) method as both thermoelectric and photosensitive material is based on the studying of surface morphology, crystal structure, chemical composition and optical properties.
Simultaneous video recording of the sea urchin spawning behavior and recording of environmental factors enabled us to found synergism of the effects of circadian rhythm and phytoplankton on the ...spawning activity of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus intermedius (Agassiz, 1864).
The cross section of the process e + e − → π + π − has been measured in the center of mass energy range from 0.32 to 1.2 GeV with the CMD-3 detector at the electron-positron collider VEPP-2000. The ...measurement is based on a full dataset collected below 1 GeV during three data taking seasons, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of about 62 pb − 1 . In the dominant ρ -resonance region, a systematic uncertainty of 0.7% has been reached. At energies around ϕ -resonance the π + π − production cross section was measured for the first time with high beam energy resolution. The forward-backward charge asymmetry in the π + π − production has also been measured. It shows a strong deviation from the theoretical prediction based on the conventional scalar quantum electrodynamics framework, and it is in good agreement with the generalized vector-meson-dominance and dispersive-based predictions. The impact of the presented results on the evaluation of the hadronic contribution to the anomalous magnetic moment of muon is discussed. Published by the American Physical Society 2024
The cross section of the process e + e − → π + π − has been measured in the center-of-mass energy range from 0.32 to 1.2 GeV with the CMD-3 detector at the electron-positron collider VEPP-2000. The ...measurement is based on an integrated luminosity of about 88 pb − 1 , of which 62 pb − 1 represent a complete dataset collected by CMD-3 at center-of-mass energies below 1 GeV. In the dominant region near the ρ resonance a systematic uncertainty of 0.7% was achieved. The implications of the presented results for the evaluation of the hadronic contribution to the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon are discussed. Published by the American Physical Society 2024
BACKGROUND:Skin expansion is commonly needed in order to reconstruct the breast following modified radical mastectomy. With the advent of skin-sparing and nipple-sparing techniques, expansion is no ...longer necessary. The natural ability of healing tissues to contract can be advantageously used to improve the outcomes of immediate prepectoral breast reconstruction.
METHODS:A prospective analysis of the results of 20 prepectoral breast reconstructions following skin-sparing or nipple-sparing mastectomies was performed. Reconstruction was performed using the adjustable breast implant initially underfilled with air. No acellular dermal matrix or mesh support was used. Further air was added during the follow-up office visits. Air was replaced with normal saline when the desired breast size was achieved. The adjustable implants were replaced with silicone gel implants when necessary.
RESULTS:Contraction of the skin flap over the underfilled implant was noticed in all patients. Five patients (25%) developed a seroma, and 2 patients had hematoma of the breast pocket. Wound-edge necrosis required debridement in 2 patients (10%). Complications were all resolved without implant loss.
CONCLUSIONS:Tissue contraction can be successfully utilized in breast reconstruction following skin-sparing and nipple-sparing mastectomy. Contraction results in thickening and elevation of the flap, eliminating the need for skin excision or the use of acellular dermal matrix. The partially filled implant functions as a spacer, preventing the flap from adhering to the underlying muscle and avoiding pressure on the skin flap.This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives License 4.0 (CCBY-NC-ND), where it is permissible to download and share the work provided it is properly cited. The work cannot be changed in any way or used commercially without permission from the journal.
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•Low temperature solution growth technique SILAR have been used.•CuI, ZnO and ZnO: thin films for solar thermoelectric generator obtained.•Optical properties, structure, surface ...morphology of these thin films studied.•Composition and thermoelectric properties of these semitransparent films presented.•Output thermoelectric parameters of single thin film thermolegs analyzed.
In this work by means studying the crystal structure, optical, electrical, and thermoelectric properties of chip, available and safe for the environment copper iodide CuI, zinc oxide ZnO and indium-doped zinc oxide ZnO:In films we have developed and improved low temperature solution growth Successive Ionic Layer Adsorption and Reaction (SILAR) technique, which allows to deposit these materials over large areas. Output thermoelectric parameters were analyzed for several single p-CuI, n-ZnO and n-ZnO:In thin film thermolegs. The possibility of combining of the obtained p-CuI and n-ZnO:In thin film thermolegs into a thermocouple is shown for the use in new semitransparent planar solar thermoelectric generator working at near-room temperatures through harvesting near-infrared solar light as an energy source to supply electric power to the wireless sensors and microscale devices.
The Spectrum adjustable saline implant is optimal for prepectoral breast reconstruction as it can be placed virtually empty and thus flat, applying no pressure on the overlying skin flap. However, ...when saline is added, it tends to pool at the bottom of the implant resulting in its uneven surface and rippling. Air filling results in the uniform distribution within the implant shell and smooth even implant surface, which facilitates acellular dermal matrix adhesion. Pressure to the skin flap is averted, patients are more comfortable, and rippling is not seen.
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