Increasing attention has been paid to environmentally friendly activation methods of peroxymonosulfate (PMS) in advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) for organic pollutant elimination. This work ...demonstrates that Base can be applied as a novel activator for PMS. The Base/PMS system, at ambient temperature, was able to degrade a variety of organic pollutants, including acid orange 7 (AO7), phenol and bisphenol A. In subsequent experiments with AO7, the decolorization rates for AO7 followed pseudo-first-order kinetics, with rate constant values ranging from 0.0006 to 0.1749 min−1 depending on the operating parameters (initial PMS, Base, AO7 concentrations and reaction temperature). Furthermore, the mechanism for PMS activation by the Base was elucidated by radical scavenger (tert–butyl alcohol, methanol, sodium azide and p−benzoquinone) and electron spin resonance trapping studies. The results revealed that superoxide anion radical and singlet oxygen other than sulfate radical were the primary reactive oxygen species in the Base/PMS system. The findings of this study present a new pathway for PMS activation and provide useful information for the treatment of wastewater.
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•Base can activate peroxymonosulfate at a weakly basic environment.•Base/peroxymonosulfate system is able to degrade a variety of organic pollutants.•Superoxide radical and singlet oxygen may be the dominating reactive oxygen species.
In recent years, with the continuous development of drone technology, UAVs are used as unmanned and flightable devices, UAV plays an important role in remote sensing and GIS disciplines. During the ...flight, no one directly participates in flight-related decisions such as flight routes, path planning, and flight control. In this case, it is necessary to use the computing power of the onboard computer of the UAV system, the computing power of the ground station computer, and related technologies such as detecting sensing, image vision, real-time wireless communication, etc., to develop target planning, decision-making and control algorithms for specific problems, and to solve the problem. Flight planning and flight control issues in machine applications. The UAV route optimization method based on the double target of confidence and ambiguity has positive significance for route optimization and wide application of UAV. In this context, this paper aims to analyze and study the UAV route optimization method based on the two goals of confidence and ambiguity, and optimized the method of drone route. The calculation results show that, compared with other methods, this method can make the UAV not rely on human control, but realize the use of fuzzy control method to identify the target and track the moving target.
The development of efficient electrocatalysts with low cost and earth abundance for overall water splitting is very important in energy conversion. Although many electrocatalysts based on transition ...metal dichalcogenides have been developed, rational design and controllable synthesis of fine nanostructures with subtle morphologies and sequential chemical compositions related to these materials remains a challenge. This study reports a series of peapod‐like composites with component‐controllable Co(SxSe1–x)2 nanoparticles encapsulated in carbon fibers, which are obtained by using Co(CO3)0.5(OH)·0.11H2O nanowires as a precursor followed by coating carbon fiber and an adjustable sulfuration/selenylation process. Due to its increased exposure of active sites and improved charge and mass transport capability derived from the unique structure and morphology, the Co(SxSe1–x)2 samples display favorable catalytic activities. It is found that Co(S0.71Se0.29)2 exhibits the best hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) performance and Co(S0.22Se0.78)2 shows the highest activity for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). When using Co(S0.71Se0.29)2 as a cathode and Co(S0.22Se0.78)2 as an anode, it demonstrates a durable activity for overall water splitting to deliver 10 mA cm−2 at a cell voltage of 1.63 V, thus offering an attractive cost‐effective earth abundant material system toward water splitting.
A series of peapod‐like composites with component‐controllable Co(SxSe1–x)2 nanoparticles encapsulated in carbon fibers are fabricated using Co(CO3)0.5(OH)·0.11H2O nanowires as a precursor followed by coating carbon fiber and an adjustable sulfuration/selenylation process. The optimized Co(S0.71Se0.29)2||Co(S0.22Se0.78)2 demonstrates a durable catalytic activity for overall water splitting.
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•MW can activate PMS efficiently, especially at temperatures above 60°C.•BPA degradation was accelerated in real water compared to ultrapure water.•SO4− and OH were the dominant ...reactive oxygen species in the MW/PMS process.•Degradation pathway was proposed based on intermediates identified by GC–MS.
In this study, peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation was successfully achieved by microwave (MW) irradiation directly and subsequently applied for the degradation of bisphenol A (BPA, an endocrine disrupting chemical frequently detected in the environment), especially at temperatures above 60°C. The experiment results showed that a higher reaction temperature, MW power level, initial PMS dose, and initial solution pH had positive effects on the degradation efficiency of BPA. The degradation efficiency of BPA was slightly enhanced in real water compared to that in ultrapure water. The result of radical scavenger experiments indicated that both sulfate radical and hydroxyl radical were the dominant reactive oxygen species. Based on the results of high performance liquid chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, several transformation pathways, including β-scission, hydroxylation, dehydration, oxidative skeletal rearrangement, and ring opening, were proposed. The complete degradation of several typical organic contaminants was also achieved using the MW/PMS process. This work would broaden the selection of PMS activation methods and provide an option for wastewater treatment.
Water splitting is one of the ideal technologies to meet the ever increasing demands of energy. Many materials have aroused great attention in this field. The family of nickel-based sulfides is one ...of the examples that possesses interesting properties in water-splitting fields. In this paper, a controllable and simple strategy to synthesize nickel sulfides was proposed. First, we fabricated NiS2 hollow microspheres via a hydrothermal process. After a precise heat control in a specific atmosphere, NiS porous hollow microspheres were prepared. NiS2 was applied in hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and shows a marvelous performance both in acid medium (an overpotential of 174 mV to achieve a current density of 10 mA/cm2 and the Tafel slope is only 63 mV/dec) and in alkaline medium (an overpotential of 148 mV to afford a current density of 10 mA/cm2 and the Tafel slope is 79 mV/dec). NiS was used in oxygen evolution reaction (OER) showing a low overpotential of 320 mV to deliver a current density of 10 mA/cm2, which is meritorious. These results enlighten us to make an efficient water-splitting system, including NiS2 as HER catalyst in a cathode and NiS as OER catalyst in an anode. The system shows high activity and good stabilization. Specifically, it displays a stable current density of 10 mA/cm2 with the applying voltage of 1.58 V, which is a considerable electrolyzer for water splitting.
Transcription factors of the basic leucine zipper (bZIP) family represent exclusively in eukaryotes and have been shown to regulate diverse biological processes in plant growth and development as ...well as in abiotic and biotic stress responses. However, little is known about the bZIP family in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.).
The SlbZIP genes were identified using local BLAST and hidden Markov model profile searches. The phylogenetic trees, conserved motifs and gene structures were generated by MEGA6.06, MEME tool and gene Structure Display Server, respectively. The syntenic block diagrams were generated by the Circos software. The transcriptional gene expression profiles were obtained using Genevestigator tool and quantitative RT-PCR.
In the present study, we carried out a genome-wide identification and systematic analyses of 69 SlbZIP genes that distributes unevenly on the tomato chromosomes. This family can be divided into 9 groups according to the phylogenetic relationship among the SlbZIP proteins. Six kinds of intron patterns (a-f) within the basic and hinge regions are defined. The additional conserved motifs and their presence of the group specificity were also identified. Further, we predicted the DNA-binding patterns and the dimerization property on the basis of the characteristic features in the basic and hinge regions and the leucine zipper, respectively, which supports our classification greatly and helps to classify 24 distinct subfamilies. Within the SlbZIP family, a total of 40 SlbZIP genes are located in the segmental duplicate regions in the tomato genome, suggesting that the segment chromosomal duplications contribute greatly to the expansion of the tomato SlbZIP family. Expression profiling analyses of 59 SlbZIP genes using quantitative RT-PCR and publicly available microarray data indicate that the tomato SlbZIP genes have distinct and diverse expression patterns in different tissues and developmental stages and many of the tomato bZIP genes might be involved in responses to various abiotic and biotic stresses as well as in response to light.
This genome-wide systematic characterization identified a total of 69 members in the SlbZIP family and the analyses of the protein features and gene expression patterns provide useful clues for further functional characterization of the bZIP transcription factors in tomato.
Identifying effective methods to enhance the properties of catalysts is urgent to broaden the scanty technologies, so far. Herein, we synthesized four Co3O4 crystals with different crystal planes and ...explored the crystal planes’ effects on electrochemical water splitting through theoretical and experimental studies for the first time. The results illustrate that the correlation of catalytic activity is established as {111} > {112} > {110} > {001}. Co3O4 crystals exposed with {111} facets show the highest OER (oxygen evolution reaction) and HER (hydrogen evolution reaction) activities. Upon fabrication in an alkaline electrolyzer, the bifunctional {111}∥{111} couple manifests the highest catalytic activity and satisfying durability for overall water splitting. Density functional theory (DFT) explains that the {111} facet possesses the biggest dangling bond density, highest surface energy, and smallest absolute value of ΔG H*, leading to the enhanced electrocatalytic performance. This work will broaden our vision to improve the activity of various electrocatalysts by selectively exposing the specific crystal planes.
The novel Fe2P nanoparticles encapsulated in sandwichlike graphited carbon envelope nanocomposite (Fe2P/GCS) that can be first applied in hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) as well as lithium-ion ...batteries (LIBs) has been designed and fabricated. The unique sandwiched Fe2P/GCS is characterized with several prominent merits, including large specific surface area, nanoporous structure, excellent electronic conductivity, enhanced structural integrity and so on. All of these endow the Fe2P/GCS with brilliant electrochemical performance. When used as a HER electrocatalyst in acidic media, the harvested Fe2P/GCS demonstrates low onset overpotential and Tafel slope as well as particularly outstanding durability. Moreover, as an anode material for LIBs, the sandwiched Fe2P/GCS presents high specific capacity and excellent cyclability and rate capability. As a consequence, the acquired Fe2P/GCS is a promising material for energy applications, especially HER and LIBs.
Melatonin is a new kind of plant growth regulator. The aim of this study was to figure out the effect of melatonin on arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis and heavy metal tolerance. A three-factor ...experiment was conducted to determine the effect of melatonin application on the growth, AM symbiosis, and stress tolerance of
. A two-factor (AM inoculation and Pb stress) experiment was conducted to determine the effect of AM fungus on melatonin accumulation under Pb stress. AM plants under Pb stress had a higher melatonin accumulation than non-mycorrhizal (NM) plants under Pb stress. Acetylserotonin methyltransferase (ASMT) is the enzymatic reaction of the last step in melatonin synthesis. The accumulation of melatonin may be related to the expression of
. Melatonin application increased the relative expression of
and AM colonization in AM plants. Melatonin application decreased Pb uptake with and without AM inoculation. Both melatonin application and AM inoculation improved
growth and increased antioxidant response with Pb stress. These results indicated that melatonin application has positive effects on AM symbiosis and Pb stress tolerance under Pb stress. AM inoculation improve melatonin synthesis capacity under Pb stress. Melatonin application may improve AM plant growth by enhancing AM symbiosis, stimulating antioxidant response, and inhibiting Pb uptake.
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