There is an inseparable link between bone metabolism and gut microbiota, and the supplementation of probiotics exhibits a significant role in maintaining the homeostasis of gut microbiota and ...inhibiting bone loss. This study aims to explore the preventive and therapeutic potentials and the specific mechanisms of Rothia on osteoporosis. The mice models of osteoporosis induced by ovariectomy (OVX) were built, and the regular (once a day) and quantitative (200 μL/d) gavage of Rothia was performed for 8 weeks starting from 1 week after OVX. Microcomputed tomography was used to analyze the bone mass and bone microstructure of mice in each group after sacrifice. Histological staining and immunohistochemistry were then applied to identify the expression of pro‐inflammatory cytokines, intestinal permeability, and osteogenic and osteoclastic activities of mice. The collected feces of mice in each group were used for 16S rRNA high‐throughput sequencing to detect the alterations in composition, abundance, and diversity of gut microbiota. This study demonstrated that the gavage of Rothia alleviated bone loss in mice with OVX‐induced osteoporosis, improved OVX‐induced intestinal mucosal barrier injury, optimized intestinal permeability (zonula occludens protein 1 and occludin), reduced intestinal inflammation (tumor necrosis factor‐α and interleukin‐1β), and regulated imbalance of gut microbiota. Based on “gut‐bone” axis, this study revealed that regular and quantitative gavage of Rothia can relieve bone loss in mice with OVX‐induced osteoporosis by repairing the intestinal mucosal barrier injury, optimizing the intestinal permeability, inhibiting the release of pro‐inflammatory cytokines, and improving the disorder of gut microbiota.
Based on “gut‐bone” axis, this study revealed that regular and quantitative gavage of Rothia can relieve the bone loss in mice with ovariectomy‐induced osteoporosis by repairing the intestinal mucosal barrier injury, optimizing the intestinal permeability, inhibiting the release of pro‐inflammatory cytokines, and improving the disorder of gut microbiota.
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•The trade-offs between the ecosystem service supplies were increasing.•The correlations between the demands for ecosystem services were generally weak.•The spatial imbalance in ...supply-demand of grass production was obvious.•Urban areas have high demand of water yield and carbon sequestration services.•The strong wind has increased the demand for windbreaks and sand fixation service.
Assessing the relationships between ecosystem services supply and demand is crucial to support sustainable planning and human well-being. In the present study, we analyzed the ecosystem services supply and demand, synergies and trade-offs among services, as well as the spatial relationships between supply and demand, for four services in a desert steppe of Inner Mongolia. In terms of the balance between supply and demand, the grass production and carbon stock supply exceeded the demand, whereas the demand of water yield and windbreak and sand fixation services surpassed the supply. The degree of demand in windbreak and sand fixation service was met increased from 14.7% in 2000 to 20.6% in 2017, versus a decrease from 18.0% to 8.2% in water yield. The spatial distributions of the water yield and carbon stock demand were similar, and there was a significant synergy between them. The grass production supply and demand were not spatially matched, with higher supply in the eastern part of the study area and higher demand in the western part. Areas with high demand for the windbreak and sand fixation service also had a high supply. The water supply and demand in the low-coverage grassland were relatively balanced, and the deficiency of carbon stock supply was mainly found in construction land. In summary, for the sustainable development of animal husbandry and to reduce wind erosion, each county should establish an appropriate livestock density standard based on local constraints. Furthermore, it is also crucial for policymakers to develop water-saving industries to improve water utilization efficiency, and to set targets for CO2 emissions to reduce the impact on climate change.
Conventional friction stir welding (FSW) and ultrasonic assisted friction stir welding (UAFSW) were employed to weld 6-mm thick 7N01-T4 aluminum alloy plates. Weld forming characteristics and ...material flow behavior in these two different welding processes were studied and compared. Ultrasonic vibration was applied directly on the weld in axial direction through the welding tool. Metal flow behavior, microstructure characteristics in the nugget zone (NZ) and evolution of the mechanical properties of naturally aged joints were studied. Results show that the ultrasonic vibration can significantly increase the welding speed of defect-free welded joint. At the rotation speed of 1200 rpm, the UAFSW can produce defect-free welded joints at a welding speed that is 50% higher than that of the conventional FSW. Ultrasonic vibrations can also improve surface quality of the joints and reduce axial force by 9%. Moreover, ultrasonic vibrations significantly increase the volume of the pin-driven zone (PDZ) and decrease the thickness of the transition zone (TZ). The number of subgrains and deformed grains resulting from the UAFSW is higher than that from the FSW. By increase the strain level and strain gradient in the NZ, the ultrasonic vibrations can refine the grains. Ultrasonic energy is the most at the top of the NZ, and gradually reduces along the thickness of the plate. The difference in strengths between the FSW and the UAFSW joints after post-weld natural aging (PWNA) is small. However, the elongation of the UAFSW is 8.8% higher than that of the FSW (PWNA for 4320 h). Fracture surface observation demonstrates that all the specimens fail by ductile fracture, and the fracture position of the UAFSW joint changes from HAZ (PWNA for 120 h) to NZ (PWNA for 720 and 4320 h).
With the rapid development of world shipping, oil spill accidents such as tanker collisions, illegal sewage discharges, and oil pipeline ruptures occur frequently. As the SAR system expands from ...single polarization to multipolarization, the Polarmetric Synthetic Aperture Radar (Pol-SAR) system has been widely used in marine oil spill detection. However, in the studies of the oil spill extraction in SAR images, there are some problems that limit large-scale oil spill detection work. As a transition from single-polarized to full-polarized, the dual-polarized system carries some polarization information and can be obtained in large quantities for free, which has become a major breakthrough in solving the problem of large-scale oil spill detection. In order to optimize the multisource features that can be extracted from dual-polarized SAR images, greatly improve the utilization rate of dual-polarized SAR oil spill images under the premise of reducing workload, and ensure the accuracy of marine oil spill extraction, this paper adopts the metric of inter-class separability, the Jeffries–Matusita distance, which improves on the traditional K-means algorithm by focusing on the noise sensitivity defect of the K-means algorithm; the artificial influence of J–M distance in measuring the separability between classes improves the algorithm in three aspects: sample selection, distance calculation, and data evaluation. Finally, using the inter-sample J–M distance of multisource features, the overall accuracy of image segmentation, the F1-score, and the results of correlation analysis between features, three advantageous features and three subdominant features are selected that can be used for marine oil spill detection.
Seven new acetophenone derivatives (acroliones A – G, 1 – 7) and three known ones (8 – 10) were isolated from the leaves of Acronychia oligophlebia. Their structures were elucidated based on ...extensive spectroscopic analyses (IR, UV, HR‐ESI‐MS, 1D‐ and 2D‐NMR), X‐ray diffraction and comparison with literature data. The anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant activities of all isolates were evaluated.
The infiltration of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) is associated with tumor progression and poor prognosis in endometrial cancer (EC). Collagen triple helix repeat containing 1 (CTHRC1), a ...secreted ECM protein, has been reported to have important roles in promoting cancer invasion and metastasis, but the functional role of CTHRC1 and its association with TAMs in EC remain unclear. Here we report that, in EC patients, CTHRC1 expression was up-regulated in endometrial cancer tissues compared with normal endometrium (P < 0.0001), and is positively correlated with tumor grade and depth of myometrial invasion (P = 0.024 and P = 0.0002, respectively). Meanwhile, CTHRC1 expression was positively correlated with an increased number of infiltrating TAMs, especially M2-like TAMs (P = 0.003, P = 0.001). In the tumor microenvironment of EC, CTHRC1 not only promoted myometrial invasion by interacting with Integrin β3-Akt signaling pathway, but also promoted infiltration of M2-like TAMs by upregulating Fractalkine chemokine receptor (CX3CR1) expression in macrophages. Changing levels of recombinant CTHRC1 protein (rCTHRC1) promoted tumor migration and invasion via enhancing macrophage recruitment in vitro. In summary, our findings eventually provided a novel role for CTHRC1 in remodeling the tumor immune microenvironment to promote tumor metastasis in EC patients.
Preventing filoviruses in the entry stage is an attractive antiviral strategy. Taking aloperine, a Chinese natural herb with an endocyclic skeleton, as the lead, 23 new aloperine derivatives were ...synthesized and evaluated for their anti-filovirus activities including ebola virus (EBOV) and marburg virus (MARV) using pseudotyped virus model. Structure-activity relationship (SAR) analysis indicated that the introduction of a 12N-dichlorobenzyl group was beneficial for the potency. Compound 2e exhibited the most potent anti-EBOV and anti-MARV effects both in vitro and in vivo. It also displayed a good pharmacokinetic and safety profile in vivo, indicating an ideal druglike feature. The primary mechanism study showed that 2e could block a late stage of viral entry, mainly through inhibiting cysteine cathepsin B activity of host components. We consider compound 2e to be a promising broad-spectrum anti-filovirus agent with the advantages of a unique chemical scaffold and a specific biological mechanism.
Aloperine derivative 2e was identified to exert a broad-spectrum anti-filovirus activity mainly through targeting a host protein cysteine cathepsin B to block a late stage of viral entry. Display omitted
•23 new aloperines were synthesized and evaluated for the anti-EBOV activity.•Compound 2e exhibited potent anti-EBOV/MARV effects both in vitro and in vivo.•Compound 2e displayed a good pharmacokinetic and safety profile in vivo.•Compound 2e could inhibit cat B activity to block the late stage of viral entry.
Biliary atresia is the most common cause of liver disease and liver transplantation in children. The accumulation of bile acids in hepatocytes and the stimulation of the intestinal microbiome can ...aggravate the disease progression. This study investigated changes in the composition of the gut microbiota and its metabolites in biliary atresia and the possible effects of these changes on disease progression.
Stool samples of biliary atresia at different disease stages and matched control individuals were collected (early stage: 16 patients, 16 controls; later stage: 16 patients, 10 controls). Metagenomic sequencing was performed to evaluate the gut microbiota structure. Untargeted metabolomics was performed to detect and analyze the metabolites and bile acid composition.
A disturbed gut microbiota structure occurred in the early and later stages of biliary atresia.
,
,
, and
have always been dominant. The abundance of
displayed significant changes between the early and later stages of biliary atresia. Combined with clinical indicators, Spearman's analysis showed that
and
strongly correlated with liver enzymes.
had an enormously positive relationship with lithocholic acid derivatives. Metabolites involved in tryptophan metabolism were changed in the patients with biliary atresia, which had a significant association with stool
and blood total bilirubin (
< 0.05).
The liver damage of biliary atresia was directly or indirectly exacerbated by the interaction of enriched
(
),
(
), and
(
) with dysmetabolism of tryptophan and bile acid.
Boletaceae, the largest family in Boletales, has been attracted by mycologists in the world due to its diverse morphology and complex history of evolution. Although considerable work has been done in ...the past decades, novel taxa are continually described. The current study aimed to introduce three new taxa and one new record of Boletaceae from China. The morphological descriptions, color photographs, phylogenetic trees to show the positions of the taxa, and comparisons with allied taxa are provided. The new genus
is unique in the
group, and
was introduced as the type species. It can be distinguished by its bluing basidioma when injured, a decurrent hymenophore, a stipe covered with distinct reticulations, and a fertile stipitipellis.
is characterized by its pileipellis consisting of broadly concatenated cells and thin-walled caulocystidia in
. In
,
can be distinguished by its hymenophores that change to blue when injured and yellow basal mycelium.
, as a new record, is first reported in Northern China. Internal transcribed spacer (ITS), 28S rDNA (28S), translation elongation factor 1-alpha (tef1-α), RNA polymerase II subunit 1 (rpb1), and RNA polymerase II subunit 2 (rpb2) were employed to execute phylogenetic analyses.
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