Background
YAP1 is a core protein of the Hippo signaling pathway and is associated with malignancy and immunosuppression. In the present study, we discovered a novel lncRNA,
RP11-323N12.5
, with ...tumor promotion and immunosuppression activities through enhancing transcription of YAP1.
Methods
RP11-323N12.5
was identified using GEPIA. Its expression levels and their relationship with clinical features were investigated using clinical samples. The regulation of YAP1 transcription by
RP11-323N12.5
was investigated in both GC and T cells, the tumor and immunosuppression promotion roles of
RP11-323N12.5
were explored i
n vitro
and in vivo.
Results
RP11-323N12.5
was the most up-regulated lncRNA in human GC, based on data from the TCGA database. Its transcription was significantly positively correlated with YAP1 transcription, YAP1 downstream gene expression which contribute to tumor growth and immunosuppression.
RP11-323N12.5
promoted YAP1 transcription by binding to c-MYC in the
YAP1
promoter region. Meanwhile, transcription of
RP11-323N12.5
was also regulated by YAP1/TAZ/TEADs activation in GC cells.
RP11-323N12.5
had tumor- and immnosuppression-promoting effects by enhancing YAP1 downstream genes in GC cells. Excessive
RP11-323N12.5
was also observed in tumor-infiltrating leukocytes (TILs), which may be exosome-derived and also be related to enhanced Treg differentiation as a result
YAP1
up-regulation. Moreover,
RP11-323N12.5
promoted tumor growth and immunosuppression via YAP1 up-regulation in vivo.
Conclusions
RP11-323N12.5
was the most up-regulated lncRNA in human GC and it promoted
YAP1
transcription by binding to c-MYC within the
YAP1
promoter in both GC and T cells.
RP11-323N12.5
is an ideal therapeutic target in human GC due to its tumor-promoting and immunosuppression characteristics.
Traffic congestion due to vehicular accidents seriously affects normal travel, and accurate and effective mitigating measures and methods must be studied. To resolve traffic accident compensation ...problems quickly, a vehicle-damage-detection segmentation algorithm based on transfer learning and an improved mask regional convolutional neural network (Mask RCNN) is proposed in this paper. The experiment first collects car damage pictures for preprocessing and uses Labelme to make data set labels, which are divided into training sets and test sets. The residual network (ResNet) is optimized, and feature extraction is performed in combination with Feature Pyramid Network (FPN). Then, the proportion and threshold of the Anchor in the region proposal network (RPN) are adjusted. The spatial information of the feature map is preserved by bilinear interpolation in ROIAlign, and different weights are introduced in the loss function for different-scale targets. Finally, the results of self-made dedicated dataset training and testing show that the improved Mask RCNN has better Average Precision (AP) value, detection accuracy and masking accuracy, and improves the efficiency of solving traffic accident compensation problems.
•A 150-year environmental change of a populated wetland was reconstructed.•Agriculture and hydrological process variations altered the wetland landscape.•Nutrient and pollution inputs caused negative ...effects on aquatic plant succession.•Effective protection was helpful to maintain the resilience of wetland ecosystem.
Lakes and wetlands in populated areas have become very vulnerable to pollution and habitat degradation, seriously threatening regional ecological security and socio-economic development. Exploring long-term environmental changes in these systems is essential to reveal the interactions of human activities and catchments, and further to provide valuable reference for current restoration. In this paper, we present paleolimnological data from a short sedimentary core from Liangzi Lake, a typical wetland nature reserve in the middle and lower Yangtze River Basin, China. Multiple sedimentary proxies (principally pollen but also geochemistry and grain size data) combined with historical records were used to establish environmental changes of Liangzi Lake, in both terrestrial and lacustrine aspects, over the last 150 years. Despite the influence of hydrological processes to some extent, our results indicate that the anthropogenic effects (negative and positive) are well recorded by the sedimentary records. The landscape changes of the wider Liangzi Lake wetland can be placed into four stages: less disturbed background (before the 1950s), hydrological regulation (1950s–1960s), intensive reclamation (1970s–1990s), and wetland restoration (starting in the late 1990s). Agriculture and hydrological control were the most important factors in transforming the wetland landscapes, as well as the aquatic ecosystem. The changes in the lake itself could be divided into three main stages: low nutrient levels and unstable hydrologic condition with dominant emergent plants (before the 1960s), rising nutrient levels and a stable water environment with increasing submerged plants (1960s–1990s), and high nutrient and pollution levels with the subsequent adjustment and restoration (after the late 1990s). Our study provides a comprehensive history of environmental changes of a typical inland lake and its surrounding wetland, and may contribute to future wetland conservation in similar regions, as well as pollen-based environmental reconstruction studies.
The intensity of radio waves decays rapidly with increasing propagation distance, and an edge server’s antenna needs more power to form a larger signal coverage area. Therefore, the power of the edge ...server should be controlled to reduce energy consumption. In addition, edge servers with capacitated resources provide services for only a limited number of users to ensure the quality of service (QoS). We set the signal transmission power for the antenna of each edge server and formed a signal disk, ensuring that all users were covered by the edge server signal and minimizing the total power of the system. This scenario is a typical geometric set covering problem, and even simple cases without capacity limits are NP-hard problems. In this paper, we propose a primal–dual-based algorithm and obtain an m-approximation result. We compare our algorithm with two other algorithms through simulation experiments. The results show that our algorithm obtains a result close to the optimal value in polynomial time.
The nondestructive testing technology of generated acoustic emission (AE) signals for wood is of great significance for the evaluation of internal damages of wood. To achieve more accurate and ...adaptive evaluation, an AE signals classification method combining the empirical mode decomposition (EMD), discrete wavelet transform (DWT), and linear discriminant analysis (LDA) classifier is proposed. Five features (entropy, crest factor, pulse factor, margin factor, waveform factor) are selected for classification because they are more sensitive to the uncertainty, complexity, and non-linearity of AE signals generated during wood fracture. The three-point bending load damage experiment was implemented on sample wood of beech and
Pinus sylvestris
to generate original AE signals. Evaluation indexes (precision, accuracy, recall, F1-score) were adopted to assess the classification model. The results show that the ensemble classification accuracies of two tree species reach 94.58% and 90.58%, respectively. Moreover, compared with the results of the original AE signal, the accuracy of the AE signal processed by the methods proposed is increased by 27.68%. It indicates that the EMD and DWT signal processing methods and selected features improve the classification accuracy, and this automatic classification model has good AE signal recognition performance.
Soil may be a carbon source or sink under the effect of sediment and soil organic carbon (SOC) erosion, transport and deposition. Partial SOC processes to determine whether soil subjected to water ...erosion is a carbon sink or source have not been clarified but are essential for increasing and predicting SOC storage. In this review, the associations between SOC mineralization, stability and stock at erosion sites, in transported sediments and at deposition sites are clarified. An overview is given for possible determination standards that define soil carbon sinks and sources. Methods for enhancing SOC sequestration and suggestions for improving SOC prediction are also presented. Particle transport is an important intermediate process that determines the material base for SOC stability and sequestration in each erosion and deposition element. When subject to water erosion, a high probability of SOC physical stabilization and a thick soil layer are essential for soil to function as a SOC sink. Sediment transport weakens SOC physical protection in eroded areas but can promote aggregation factors at deposition sites in some cases while increasing the depth of SOC in the soil. In this circumstance, a good soil environment for plant growth facilitates the occurrence of carbon sinks. A concept for critical erosion intensity is proposed to understand SOC sink determination; the concept is presented as the volume of soil erosion per square kilometre (m3 km−2) for which the maximum reduction in vegetation cover or plant biomass still permits plants to provide enough organic matter to compensate for erosion‐induced SOC loss. If erosion intensity is higher than critical erosion intensity at the erosion site, soil degradation is obvious, and soil is presented as an OC source, and vice versa. Finally, the SOC burial method for increasing the soil carbon storage amounts in regions with thick soil layers is presented to explore the SOC sequestration potential in deep soil. The factors considered for SOC prediction should vary with research scale. We hope our review will have direct implications for the modelling of SOC dynamics under water erosion on both slopes and at large scales.
Highlights
Changes in soil texture and soil thickness greatly affect the amount of SOC storage at erosion and deposition sites.
Selective transport of soil materials or chemical elements promotes soil aggregation.
Possible standards that define soil carbon sinks and sources and suggestions for improving SOC prediction are presented.
SOC burial may be a good method for increasing C storage amounts in regions with thick layers of fine soil.
Dual-component radar-signal modulation recognition is a challenging yet significant technique for electronic reconnaissance systems. To improve the lower recognition performance and the higher ...computational costs of the conventional methods, this paper presents a randomly overlapping dual-component radar-signal modulation recognition method based on a convolutional neural network–swin transformer (CNN-ST) under different signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs). To enhance the feature representation ability and decrease the loss of the detailed features of dual-component radar signals under different SNRs, the swin transformer is adopted and integrated into the designed CNN model. An inverted residual structure and lightweight depthwise convolutions are used to maintain the powerful representational ability. The results show that the dual-component radar-signal recognition accuracy of the proposed CNN-ST is up to 82.58% at −8 dB, which shows the better recognition performance of the CNN-ST over others. The dual-component radar-signal recognition accuracies under different SNRs are all more than 88%, which verified the fact that the CNN-ST achieves better recognition accuracy under different SNRs. This work offers essential guidance in enhancing dual-component radar signal recognition under different SNRs and in promoting actual applications.
The analysis of critical states during fracture of wood materials is crucial for wood building safety monitoring, wood processing, etc. In this paper, beech and camphor pine are selected as the ...research objects, and the acoustic emission signals during the fracture process of the specimens are analyzed by three-point bending load experiments. On the one hand, the critical state interval of a complex acoustic emission signal system is determined by selecting characteristic parameters in the natural time domain. On the other hand, an improved method of b_value analysis in the natural time domain is proposed based on the characteristics of the acoustic emission signal. The K-value, which represents the beginning of the critical state of a complex acoustic emission signal system, is further defined by the improved method of b_value in the natural time domain. For beech, the analysis of critical state time based on characteristic parameters can predict the "collapse" time 8.01 s in advance, while for camphor pines, 3.74 s in advance. K-value can be analyzed at least 3 s in advance of the system "crash" time for beech and 4 s in advance of the system "crash" time for camphor pine. The results show that compared with traditional time-domain acoustic emission signal analysis, natural time-domain acoustic emission signal analysis can discover more available feature information to characterize the state of the signal. Both the characteristic parameters and Natural_Time_b_value analysis in the natural time domain can effectively characterize the time when the complex acoustic emission signal system enters the critical state. Critical state analysis can provide new ideas for wood health monitoring and complex signal processing, etc.
This paper proposes a stable generalized finite element method (SGFEM) for the linear 3D elasticity problem with cracked domains. Conventional material-independent branch functions serve as singular ...enrichments. We prove that the proposed SGFEM with the geometric enrichment scheme yields the optimal order of convergence in the energy norm,
O
(
h
), for fully 3D elasticity planar crack problems;
h
is the mesh parameter. To improve the conditioning of SGFEM, two stability techniques have been employed, namely, (a) a cubic polynomial has been used as the PU (partition of unity), instead of the standard FE hat-functions, to address the possible almost linear dependence between the PU functions and the enrichments, and (b) a local principal component analysis (LPCA) has been implemented to address the local bad conditioning produced by multi-fold enrichments at a node. The scaled condition number for the proposed SGFEM is shown to be
O
(
h
-
2
)
(same as that of a standard Finite Element Method), for various relative positions of crack surface and mesh. The robustness of the scaled condition number for the proposed SGFEM, with respect to the relative positions of the crack-surface and the element boundaries, has been observed numerically. The numerical experiments for both the planar and fully 3D planar crack problems are presented to show the efficiency of the proposed SGFEM.
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•Heterogeneity index(H) is a structural parameter describing the distribution of species associations.•H is proposed to unveil the species turnover in community in this paper.•Eight ...lakes exhibit a eutrophication trend with different degrees from the 1950s.•H, species richness, evenness and Jaccard index respond differently to eutrophication.•H can serve as a complementary biodiversity metric to quantify functional diversity.
Anthropogenic eutrophication in aquatic ecosystems has had significant negative effects on biodiversity and human wellbeing. Improving our understanding of the ways in which biological communities respond to eutrophication underlies biodiversity conservation, and diversity metrics like species richness and evenness are often used to assess environmental impacts on biodiversity. However, such studies mainly consider overall gain and loss, ignoring species replacement in community succession. This paper combines paleolimnology and network science to propose a heterogeneity index (H) to measure community successions by linking long-term changes in community structure with environmental stress. Eight lakes of different types in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River Basin (MLYB) were selected, and we focused on diatom communities to reconstruct their ecological trajectories after significant anthropogenic impact. The combined results suggested that human impacts have caused eutrophication in each lake since the 1950s, but led to different degrees of impact on the diatom communities. In hypereutrophic lakes, diatom assemblages shifted to high-nutrient tolerance and the proportions of epiphytic-benthic species decreased, while in mildly eutrophic lakes, a switch to mild-nutrient tolerant assemblages occurred in planktonic and epiphytic-benthic species with no change in epiphytic-benthic proportions. The H of diatom communities declined in hypereutrophic lakes, but changed little in mildly eutrophic lakes after the 1950s. Meanwhile, no regular changes in diversity indicators such as richness, evenness and the Jaccard-index occurred with lake eutrophication. The ordered species turnover in nutrient-enriched diatom communities may account for the discrepancies in H and the above indices, such as ordered epiphytic-benthic species being replaced by higher nutrient-tolerant and planktonic species with no necessarily attendant reduction in species richness. By quantifying the alteration of species associations without being influenced by species diversity, the H index effectively reveals the succession of diatom communities, and can therefore serve as a complementary indicator of biodiversity.
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