A vehicular ad-hoc network (VANET) can improve the flow of traffic to facilitate intelligent transportation and to provide convenient information services, where the goal is to provide ...self-organizing data transmission capabilities for vehicles on the road to enable applications, such as assisted vehicle driving and safety warnings. VANETs are affected by issues such as identity validity and message reliability when vehicle nodes share data with other nodes. The method used to allow the vehicle nodes to upload sensor data to a trusted center for storage is susceptible to security risks, such as malicious tampering and data leakage. To address these security challenges, we propose a data security sharing and storage system based on the consortium blockchain (DSSCB). This digital signature technique based on the nature of bilinear pairing for elliptic curves is used to ensure the reliability and integrity when transmitting data to a node. The emerging consortium blockchain technology provides a decentralized, secure, and reliable database, which is maintained by the entire network node. In DSSCB, smart contracts are used to limit the triggering conditions for preselected nodes when transmitting and storing data and for allocating data coins to vehicles that participate in the contribution of data. The security analysis and performance evaluations demonstrated that our DSSCB solution is more secure and reliable in terms of data sharing and storage. Compared with the traditional blockchain system, the time required to confirm the data block was reduced by nearly six times and the transmission efficiency was improved by 83.33%.
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic recurrent intestinal inflammatory disease characterized by high incidence and young onset age. Recently, there have been some interesting findings in the ...pathogenesis of UC. The mucus barrier, which is composed of a mucin complex rich in O-glycosylation, not only provides nutrients and habitat for intestinal microbes but also orchestrates the taming of germs. In turn, the gut microbiota modulates the production and secretion of mucins and stratification of the mucus layers. Active bidirectional communication between the microbiota and its 'slimy' partner, the mucus barrier, seems to be a continually performed concerto, maintaining homeostasis of the gut ecological microenvironment. Any abnormalities may induce a disorder in the gut community, thereby causing inflammatory damage. Our review mainly focuses on the complicated communication between the mucus barrier and gut microbiome to explore a promising new avenue for UC therapy.
Device applications of low‐dimensional semiconductor nanostructures rely on the ability to rationally tune their electronic properties. However, the conventional doping method by introducing ...impurities into the nanostructures suffers from the low efficiency, poor reliability, and damage to the host lattices. Alternatively, surface charge transfer doping (SCTD) is emerging as a simple yet efficient technique to achieve reliable doping in a nondestructive manner, which can modulate the carrier concentration by injecting or extracting the carrier charges between the surface dopant and semiconductor due to the work‐function difference. SCTD is particularly useful for low‐dimensional nanostructures that possess high surface area and single‐crystalline structure. The high reproducibility, as well as the high spatial selectivity, makes SCTD a promising technique to construct high‐performance nanodevices based on low‐dimensional nanostructures. Here, recent advances of SCTD are summarized systematically and critically, focusing on its potential applications in one‐ and two‐dimensional nanostructures. Mechanisms as well as characterization techniques for the surface charge transfer are analyzed. We also highlight the progress in the construction of novel nanoelectronic and nano‐optoelectronic devices via SCTD. Finally, the challenges and future research opportunities of the SCTD method are prospected.
Surface charge transfer doping (SCTD) is emerging as a simple yet efficient technique to achieve reliable doping in low‐dimensional nanostructures in a nondestructive manner. The recent advances of SCTD in one‐ and two‐dimensional nanostructures are summarized systematically and critically. Progress in the construction of novel nanoelectronic and nano‐optoelectronic devices via SCTD is also highlighted.
In this paper, nanofibrous membranes based on chitosan (CS), poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and graphene oxide (GO) composites, loaded with antibiotic drugs, such as Ciprofloxacin (Cip) and Ciprofloxacin ...hydrochloride (CipHcl) were prepared via the electrospinning technique. The uniform and defect-free CS/PVA nanofibers were obtained and GO nanosheets, shaping spindle and spherical, were partially embedded into nanofibers. Besides, the antibiotic drugs were effectively loaded into the nanofibers and part of which were absorbed into GO nanosheets. Intriguingly, the release of the drug absorbed in GO nanosheets regulated the drug release profile trend, avoiding the “burst” release of drug at the release initial stage, and the addition of GO slightly improved the drug release ratio. Nanofibrous membranes showed the significantly enhanced antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis after the addition of antibiotic drug. Moreover, the drug-loaded nanofibrous membranes exhibited excellent cytocompatibility with Melanoma cells, indicative to the great potential potential for applications in wound dressing.
To improve the management and control of geologic hazard information and the efficiency of hazard prevention and mitigation, geologic hazards are explored. First, a database of geologic hazard ...information is established to centrally manage the geologic environment information. Second, the geological information system (GIS) technology is used to manage the database information, which realizes the transfer of database information and the risk assessment of geologic hazards. Finally, GIS technology is applied to the geologic hazard information management system, which provides scientific decision-making support for the management of geologic hazards and improves the efficiency of hazard prevention and mitigation. The research results show that the establishment of the database can well manage and easily call information such as the local geographical environment. Using GIS technology to manage the database can effectively process and manage the data information and convert the data into image information for output, which is convenient for people to use. In addition, this system can analyze the existing geologic hazard environment information through spatial analysis, such as network analysis and buffer analysis, to assist people in predicting the risks of geologic hazards. The use of this geologic hazard information management system can assist personnel in hazard decision management, effectively improve the control of geologic hazard information, and increase the efficiency of hazard prevention and mitigation.
To investigate the clinical significance of the CHA
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-VASc-60 score, lipoprotein (a) Lp(a), red blood cell distribution width (RDW), and their combined effect in patients with non-valvular atrial ...fibrillation (NVAF) who experience acute ischemic stroke (AIS). This retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of hospitalized patients with NVAF at the Third Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University between April 1, 2020, and April 1, 2023. Based on the diagnosis of acute ischemic stroke (AIS), the patients were divided into two groups: the AIS group (150 cases of NVAF patients with comorbid AIS) and the non-AIS group (163 cases of NVAF patients without AIS). We performed CHA
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-VASc-60 scoring for all patients and collected their laboratory indicators and echocardiographic indicators during hospitalization. The study comprised 313 individuals with NVAF in total. There is a statistically significant difference (P < 0.05) in the comparison of CHA
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-VASc-60 score (5.68 ± 1.12 vs. 3.67 ± 1.47), Lp(a) 23.98 (13.28, 42.22) vs. 14.32 (7.96, 21.91) and RDW (13.67 ± 1.25 vs. 12.94 ± 0.76) between NVAF patients with and without concomitant AIS. The results of the Spearman correlation analysis demonstrate a positive association between Lp(a) and RDW levels and both the CHA
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-VASc score and the CHA
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-VASc-60 score in patients with NVAF. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that CHA
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-VASc-60 score OR = 6.549, 95% CI: 4.110-10.433, P < 0.05, Lp(a) OR = 1.023, 95% CI: 1.005-1.041, P < 0.05, and RDW OR = 1.644, 95% CI: 1.071-2.525, P < 0.05 were independent risk factors for AIS in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF). The receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves showed that the area under the curve of CHA
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-VASc-60 score, Lp(a), RDW, and CHA
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-VASc-60 score combined with Lp(a) and RDW predicted that NVAF patients with AIS were 0.881 95% CI: 0.804-0.906, 0.685 95% CI: 0.626-0.744, 0.695 95% CI: 0.637-0.754, and 0.906 95% CI: 0.845-0.921, respectively. The CHA
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-VASc-60 score, Lp(a), and RDW were significantly increased in NVAF patients with AIS, which were independent risk factors for NVAF patients with AIS. The combination of the three has a high predictive capacity for NVAF patients with AIS.
Flexible regulation of smart grid is vital for grid operation. This paper proposes a smart grid data aggregation and regulation mechanism based on consortium blockchain, and its signcryption ...algorithm can be applied to multidimensional data acquisition and multiple receivers in the consortium blockchain. In the process of regulation, the control center, the grid operator, and the equipment supplier receive fixed-height blocks from the blockchain and obtain plaintext from the decryption. Each receiver analyzes the multidimensional data and formulates corresponding control policies for individual users. Grid operators implement user power regulation by feedback on smart contracts. The security analysis and performance comparison show that the proposed scheme has advantages in computing and communication costs while meeting security requirements for confidentiality and data integrity.
Symmetric batteries received an increasing research interest in the past few years because of their simplified fabrication process and reduced manufacturing cost. In this study, we propose the first ...dual‐ion organic symmetric cell based on a molecular anion of 4,4′‐(phenazine‐5,10‐diyl)dibenzoate. The alkali salt of 4,4′‐(phenazine‐5,10‐diyl)dibenzoate allows a facile transport of cations and large anions, and remains stable in both oxidized and reduced states. The large potential difference between phenazine and benzoate results in a high cell voltage of 2.5 V and an energy density of 127 Wh kg−1 at a current rate of 1 C. The introduction of bipolar organic materials may further consolidate the development of symmetric batteries that are fabricated from abundant elements and environmentally friendly materials.
Charged aromatics: The 4,4′‐(phenazine‐5,10‐diyl)dibenzoate anion is used to construct a dual‐ion organic symmetric battery. The good performance of this battery shows that the use of this organic molecule allows to overcome the restrictions in voltage and energy density that symmetric batteries based on inorganic materials entail.
We demonstrate that monodispersed triangular gold nanoplates with high morphological yield (>90%) can be synthesized through a rapid one-pot seedless growth process. The edge length of triangular Au ...nanoplates can be readily tuned between 40 and 120 nm by varying the reaction parameters. Systematic studies reveal that distinct from previous hypothesis that the formation of nanoplates is mainly determined by the selective binding of iodide ions, our results show that iodide ions could have dual functions: it can selectively bind to the Au {111} facets and also selectively remove other less stable shape impurities through oxidative etching by forming tri-iodide ions (I3 –), thus facilitating the formation of nuclei with dominant planar structure. This new synthetic route will not only help to better understand the growth mechanism of triangular gold nanoplates but also promote the research in anisotropic noble metal nanostructures.
Damage to the colon mucus barrier, the first line of defense against microorganisms, is an important determinant of intestinal diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease and colorectal cancer, and ...disorder in extraintestinal organs. The mucus layer has attracted the attention of the scientific community in recent years, and with the discovery of new mucosal components, it has become increasingly clear that the mucosal barrier is a complex system composed of many components. Moreover, certain components are jointly involved in regulating the structure and function of the mucus barrier. Therefore, a comprehensive and systematic understanding of the functional components of the mucus layer is clearly warranted. In this review, we summarize the various functional components of the mucus layer identified thus far and describe their unique roles in shaping mucosal structure and function. Furthermore, we detail the mechanisms underlying mucus secretion, including baseline and stimulated secretion. In our opinion, baseline secretion can be categorized into spontaneous Ca
oscillation-mediated slow and continuous secretion and stimulated secretion, which is mediated by massive Ca
influx induced by exogenous stimuli. This review extends the current understanding of the intestinal mucus barrier, with an emphasis on host defense strategies based on fortification of the mucus layer.
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