With the deepening development of global value chains (GVC), a large number of foreign intermediate inputs have been integrated in the products production process of one country, thus the technology ...content of export products may not completely come from the home country. According to the new measurement based on production process, this paper calculates the domestic technology content of China’s manufacturing industry from 2000 to 2014 by using the data of World Input–Output Database (WIOD). Furthermore, it has an empirical analysis of the effect of GVC position on domestic technology content using the panel data of China’s 18 manufacturing industries. The results showed that: the technology content of the China’s manufacturing exports are increasing, and the domestic technology content grows faster than overall technology content, which indicats that China’s manufacturing industry has been upgraded and optimized in a certain way; However, there is still a certain gap between China’s manufacturing technology content and the corresponding indicators of major developed countries; And the upgrading of GVC position of Chinese manufacturing industry can significantly improve the domestic technology content of manufacturing exports.
Natural polysaccharides play an important role in the formation of nanohydroxyapatite (nHA) crystals in biological systems. In this study, we synthesized nHA crystals in the presence of four ...polysaccharides, i.e., pectin, carrageenan, chitosan, and amylose, referred as PeHA, CaHA, CsHA, and AmHA, respectively. X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscope, and thermogravimetric analysis were used to investigate the formation of nHA crystals. The shape of prepared nHA crystals is needle/rod-like in all cases, whereas the size increases in the order of PeHA, CaHA, CsHA, and AmHA. The presence of polysaccharides induces the heterogeneous nucleation of nHA and further modulates the crystal growth. Our data suggest that the interaction intensity between nHA and polysaccharides is in the decreasing order of PeHA, CaHA, CsHA, and AmHA, resulting in the smallest nHA crystals with pectin. It is also demonstrated that a high polysaccharide concentration and short reaction time are adverse to nHA crystals, especially for the polysaccharides with carboxyl groups. This study can provide insight into the effects of polysaccharides with different chemical functional groups (−COOH, −OSO3H, −NH2, −OH) on the formation of nHA crystals.
This paper attempts to verify the "inverted U" effect of the income gap on the total factor productivity (TFP) of the country or region by constructing a theoretical model that includes income ...effects and substitution effects. Based on this, this paper uses the multinational panel data of 53 countries in the world from 1995 to 2014 for empirical research. The research shows that: (1) the income gap has an "inverted U-shaped" effect on the national TFP, and the inflection point is located at about 0.269; (2) The income gap is also verified by the "inverted U" influence mechanism of the national TFP by affecting the income effect and the substitution effect; (3) The difference in the development stage determines that countries should adopt an income distribution policy that is compatible with their own country. The conclusions of this paper strengthen the confidence and determination to improve the supply system and promote regional innovation, and confirm the necessity of promoting global economic restructuring and achieving global inclusive development to a certain extent.
Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common malignant bone tumor and frequently affects adolescents. Norcantharidin (NCTD), a demethylated derivative of cantharidin, has been reported to exhibit anticancer ...activity against various types of tumors but not human OS. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of NCTD on OS cell lines (MG63 and HOS) and to explore the underlying mechanisms. In the present study, the proliferation of OS cells decreased significantly, while the apoptosis was accelerated significantly after exposure to NCTD. Meanwhile, our results also indicated that NCTD could suppress the migration and invasion, decrease the colony‐forming ability and induce S phase cell cycle arrest of OS cells in a dose‐dependent manner. Moreover, our results revealed that the anticancer effects induced by NCTD on OS cells involved autophagy, mitophagy, endoplasmic reticulum stress and c‐Met pathway. Furthermore, the results of animal experiments showed that NCTD inhibited tumor growth in a xenograft model of human OS. These results provide important new insight into the possible molecular mechanisms of NCTD and highlight its potential use as an antitumor drug for human OS.
Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common malignant bone tumor and frequently affects adolescents. The poor response to chemotherapy remains a critical factor for OS patients. Norcantharidin (NCTD), a demethylated derivative of cantharidin, has been reported to exhibit anticancer activity against various types of tumors but not human OS. Our results provide important new insight into the possible molecular mechanisms of NCTD and highlight its potential use as an antitumor drug for human OS.
Considerable research has been conducted on single-ion conductive polymeric electrolytes with high lithium ion transference numbers. However, low ionic conductivity is a long-standing challenge for ...lithium metal batteries, hindering the development of extending their cycle life. In this study, we synthesized a novel fluorine-containing single-ion polymeric electrolyte, LiP(VDF-co-MAF)BB (Polyvinylidene fluoride trifluoromethyl acrylate lithium borate polymer; subsequently referred to as PPMBB), exhibiting a room temperature conductivity of 1.03 × 10−3 S/cm. This electrolyte demonstrates a high lithium ion transference number of 0.7901 and an extended electrochemical stability window of 5.5 V. Under a 2 C discharge rate, it manifests a remarkable discharge specific capacity of 146.8 mAh/g. Moreover, even after 364 cycles, the capacity retention remains at 76%. The single-ion polymeric gel electrolyte designed in this work provides a promising strategy for the prolonged cycling performance of lithium metal batteries.
Three-dimensional structure-based localization aims to estimate the six-DOF camera pose of a query image by means of feature matches against a 3D Structure-from-Motion (SfM) point cloud. For ...city-scale SfM point clouds with tens of millions of points, it becomes more and more difficult to disambiguate matches. Therefore, a 3D structure-based localization method, which can efficiently handle matches with very large outlier ratios, is needed. We propose a two-stage outlier filtering framework for city-scale localization that leverages both visibility and geometry intrinsics of the SfM point clouds. First, we propose a visibility-based outlier filter, which is based on a bipartite visibility graph, to filter outliers on a coarse level. Second, we apply a geometry-based outlier filter to generate a set of fine-grained matches with a novel data-driven geometrical constraint for efficient inlier evaluation. The proposed two-stage outlier filtering framework only relies on the intrinsic information of the SfM point cloud. It is thus widely applicable to be embedded into the existing localization approaches. The experimental results on two real-world datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed two-stage outlier filtering framework for city-scale localization.
•Three ionic starch-based hydrogels were synthesized.•The C-Starch hydrogel had low protein resistance at all ionic strengths.•The A-Starch hydrogel resisted protein adsorption at certain ionic ...strengths.•The Z-Starch hydrogel resisted protein adsorption at all ionic strengths.•The A- and Z-Starch hydrogels both resisted cell adhesion.
Non-fouling materials bind water molecules via either hydrogen bonding or ionic solvation to form a hydration layer which is responsible for their resistance to protein adsorption. Three ionic starch-based polymers, namely a cationic starch (C-Starch), an anionic starch (A-Starch) and a zwitterionic starch (Z-Starch), were synthesized via etherification reactions to incorporate both hydrogen bonding and ionic solvation hydration groups into one molecule. Further, C-, A- and Z-Starch hydrogels were prepared via chemical crosslinking. The non-fouling properties of these hydrogels were tested with different proteins in solutions with different ionic strengths. The C-Starch hydrogel had low protein resistance at all ionic strengths; the A-Starch hydrogel resisted protein adsorption at ionic strengths of more than 10mM; and the Z-Starch hydrogel resisted protein adsorption at all ionic strengths. In addition, the A- and Z-Starch hydrogels both resisted cell adhesion. This work provides a new path for developing non-fouling materials using the integration of polysaccharides with anionic or zwitterionic moieties to regulate the protein resistance of materials.
Distortions cause structural changes in digital images, leading to degraded visual quality. Dictionary-based sparse representation has been widely studied recently due to its ability to extract ...inherent image structures. Meantime, it can extract image features with slightly higher level semantics. Intuitively, sparse representation can be used for image quality assessment, because visible distortions can cause significant changes to the sparse features. In this paper, a new sparse representation-based image quality assessment model is proposed based on the construction of adaptive sub-dictionaries. An over-complete dictionary trained from natural images is employed to capture the structure changes between the reference and distorted images by sparse feature extraction via adaptive sub-dictionary selection. Based on the observation that image sparse features are invariant to weak degradations and the perceived image quality is generally influenced by diverse issues, three auxiliary quality features are added, including gradient, color, and luminance information. The proposed method is not sensitive to training images, so a universal dictionary can be adopted for quality evaluation. Extensive experiments on five public image quality databases demonstrate that the proposed method produces the state-of-the-art results, and it delivers consistently well performances when tested in different image quality databases.
Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) hydrogels have gained comprehensive attention in the biomedical area. However, their resistance to cell adhesion is a drawback for applications such as tissue engineering. ...Besides, the controllability of the porous structure of PVA-based hydrogels during lyophilization needs to be further improved. Herein, we prepared PVA-carrageenan (CAR) composite hydrogels as tissue engineering scaffolds using the freeze-thaw technique. The hydrogels were found to possess deformation resistance, preserving their shape during the lyophilization process without shrinkage. Besides, ATDC5 cells showed good adherence and proliferation activity on the composite hydrogels. In addition, the PVA-CAR composite hydrogels possess good hemocompatibility and did not cause any adverse effects in the inflammatory response from RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. Overall, the results obtained indicate that the PVA-CAR composite hydrogels show potential applications in the field of tissue engineering based on their good structural stability, excellent biocompatibility and mild fabrication process.
Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)-carrageenan (CAR) composite hydrogels can reduce pore collapse during lyophilization and enhance cell adhesion in comparison to pure PVA hydrogels.
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