Ionic conductors that combine transparency, elasticity, and underwater self-healing capability are highly desirable because of their applications in biosensors, touch panels, marine ships, and so ...forth. Polymer materials based on ion–dipole interactions can meet these requirements. However, a key trade-off is their relatively weak mechanical properties because of the plasticizing effect. Here, we designed and synthesized a new ionic liquid building block to enable a new design of multivalent ion–dipole interaction. The resultant ion–dipole polymer complex not only enhances the Young’s modulus by more than 3 times but also possesses much better elasticity, without any sacrifice on the ionic conductivity or self-healing capability.
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is a major cause of diarrhea in children and travelers in developing countries. ETEC is characterized by the ability to produce major virulence factors ...including colonization factors (CFs) and enterotoxins, that bind to specific receptors on epithelial cells and induce diarrhea. The gut microbiota is a stable and sophisticated ecosystem that performs a range of beneficial functions for the host, including protection against pathogen colonization. Understanding the pathogenic mechanisms of ETEC and the interaction between the gut microbiota and ETEC represents not only a research need but also an opportunity and challenge to develop precautions for ETEC infection. Herein, this review focuses on recent discoveries about ETEC etiology, pathogenesis and clinical manifestation, and discusses the colonization resistances mediated by gut microbiota, as well as preventative strategies against ETEC with an aim to provide novel insights that can reduce the adverse effect on human health.
Data deduplication, an efficient approach to data reduction, has gained increasing attention and popularity in large-scale storage systems due to the explosive growth of digital data. It eliminates ...redundant data at the file or subfile level and identifies duplicate content by its cryptographically secure hash signature (i.e., collision-resistant fingerprint), which is shown to be much more computationally efficient than the traditional compression approaches in large-scale storage systems. In this paper, we first review the background and key features of data deduplication, then summarize and classify the state-of-the-art research in data deduplication according to the key workflow of the data deduplication process. The summary and taxonomy of the state of the art on deduplication help identify and understand the most important design considerations for data deduplication systems. In addition, we discuss the main applications and industry trend of data deduplication, and provide a list of the publicly available sources for deduplication research and studies. Finally, we outline the open problems and future research directions facing deduplication-based storage systems.
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary cancer of the liver and carries high morbidity and mortality. Diagnosing HCC at an early stage is challenging. Therefore, finding new, highly ...sensitive and specific diagnostic biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of HCC patients is extremely important. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a class of non-coding RNAs with covalently closed loop structures. They are characterized by remarkable stability, long half-life, abundance and evolutionary conservation. Recent studies have shown that many circRNAs are expressed aberrantly in HCC tissues and have important regulatory roles during the development and progression of HCC. Hence, circRNAs are promising biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of HCC. This review: (i) summarizes the biogenesis, categories, and functions of circRNAs; (ii) focuses on current progress of dysregulated expression of circRNAs in HCC with regard to regulation of the tumor hallmarks, “stemness” of cancer cells, and immunotherapy; (iii) highlights circRNAs as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for HCC; and (iv) discusses some of the challenges, questions and future perspectives of circRNAs research in HCC.
► CO2 corrosion behaviour of X65 steel at low partial pressure. ► CO2 corrosion behaviour of X65 steel under supercritical condition. ► CO2 corrosion mechanism under low pressure and supercritical ...condition.
The corrosion behaviour of X65 pipeline steel at various temperatures for different immersion time under low CO2 partial pressure and supercritical CO2 condition were investigated by weight loss measurements and surface analysis techniques. By comparing the characteristics of CO2 corrosion product scale formed under experimental conditions and the variation rule of corrosion rate with temperature, the CO2 corrosion mechanism under low partial pressure and supercritical condition was studied. To explain the big difference of corrosion rate between low CO2 partial pressure and supercritical CO2 condition, thermodynamic calculation of the solubility of CO2 in H2O were discussed.
By using an N-heterocyclic carbene catalyst bearing a hydroxyl moiety, the asymmetric formal (3 + 2) cyclization of aryl 3-bromoenals and isatins was achieved to produce a series of chiral ...spirooxindole–butenolides including an alkenyl-substituted compound, which underwent benzannulations with benzynes to form intriguing spirocyclic scaffolds.
Background
To investigate the biological relationship, mechanism between perilipin2 and the occurrence, advancement of gastric carcinoma, and explore the mechanism of lipid metabolism disorder ...leading to gastric neoplasm, and propose that perilipin2 is presumably considered as a potential molecular biomarker of gastric carcinoma.
Methods
RNA-seq was applied to analyze perilipin2 and differentially expressed genes modulated by perilipin2 in neoplastic tissues of both perilipin2 overexpression and knockdown groups in vivo. The mechanism was discovered and confirmed by Rt-qPCR, immunoblotting, immunohistochemistry, staining and microassay, respectively. Cellular function experiments were performed by flow cytometry, CCK8, clonogenic assay, etc.
Results
Overexpression and knockdown of perilipin2 augmented the proliferation and apoptosis of gastric carcinoma cell lines SGC7901 and MGC803, respectively. The neoplastic cells with perilipin2-overexpression obtained more conspicuously rapid growth than knockdown group in vivo, and perilipin2 affected the proliferation and apoptosis of gastric carcinoma cells by modulating the related genes:acyl-coa synthetase long-chain family member 3, arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase, microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3 alpha, pr/set domain 11 and importin 7 that were participated in Ferroptosis pathway. Moreover, RNA-seq indicated perilipin2 was an indispensable gene and protein in the suppression of Ferroptosis caused by abnormal lipometabolism in gastric carcinoma.
Conclusion
Our study expounded the facilitation of perilipin2 in regulating the proliferation and apoptosis of gastric carcinoma cells by modification in Ferroptosis pathway, and we interpreted that the mechanism of gastric neoplasm caused by obesity, we also discovered that pr/set domain 11 and importin 7 are novel transcription factors relevant to gastric carcinoma. Furthermore, perilipin2 probably serves not only as a diagnostic biomarker, but also a new therapeutic target.
The main pathogenicity factor of Streptomyces species associated with the potato common scab disease is a nitrated diketopiperazine called thaxtomin A (ThxA). In Streptomyces scabiei (syn. S. ...scabies), which is thought to be the most ancient pathogenic Streptomyces species, the ThxA biosynthetic cluster is located within a mobile genomic island called the toxicogenic region (TR). Three attachment (att) sites further separate TR into two subregions (TR1 and TR2). TR1 contains the ThxA biosynthetic cluster and is conserved among several pathogenic Streptomyces species. However, TR2, an integrative and conjugative element, is missing in most pathogenic species. In our previous study, we demonstrated the mobilization of the whole TR element or TR2 alone between S. scabiei and nonpathogenic Streptomyces species. TR1 alone did not mobilize in these experiments. These data suggest that TR2 is required for the mobilization of TR1. Here, we show that TR2 can self mobilize to pathogenic Streptomyces species harboring only TR1 and integrate into the att site of TR1, leading to the tandem accretion of resident TR1 and incoming TR2. The incoming TR2 can further mobilize resident TR1 in cis and transfer to a new recipient cell. Our study demonstrated that TR1 is a nonautonomous cis-mobilizable element and that it can hijack TR2 recombination and conjugation machinery to excise, transfer, and integrate, leading to the dissemination of pathogenicity genes and emergence of novel pathogenic species. Additionally, comparative genomic analysis of 23 pathogenic Streptomyces isolates from ten species revealed that the composite pathogenicity island (PAI) formed by TR1 and TR2 is dynamic and various compositions of the island exist within the population of newly emerged pathogenic species, indicating the structural instability of this composite PAI.
Mechanical faults are the main causes of abnormal opening, refusal operation, or malfunction of high-voltage circuit breakers. Accurately assessing the operational condition of high-voltage circuit ...breakers and delivering fault evaluations is essential for the power grid's safety and reliability. This article develops a circuit breaker fault monitoring device, which diagnoses the mechanical faults of the circuit breaker by monitoring the vibration information data. At the same time, the article adopts an improved deep learning method to train vibration information of high-voltage circuit breakers, and based on this, a systematic research method is employed to identify circuit breaker faults. Firstly, vibration information data of high-voltage circuit breakers is obtained through monitoring devices, this vibration data is then trained using deep learning methods to extract features corresponding to various fault types. Secondly, using the extracted features, circuit breaker faults are classified and recognized with a systematic analysis of the progression traits across various fault categories. Finally, the circuit breaker's fault type is ascertained by comparing the test set's characteristics with those of the training set, using the vibration data. The experimental results show that for the same type of circuit breaker, the accuracy of this method is over 95%, providing a more efficient, intuitive, and practical method for online diagnosis and fault warning of high-voltage circuit breakers.
Ligaments are flexible and stiff tissues around joints to support body movements, showing superior toughness and fatigue-resistance. Such a combination of mechanical properties is rarely seen in ...synthetic elastomers because stretchability, stiffness, toughness, and fatigue resistance are seemingly incompatible in materials design. Here we resolve this long-standing mismatch through a hierarchical crosslinking design. The obtained elastomer can endure 30,000% stretch and exhibit a Young's modulus of 18 MPa and toughness of 228 MJ m
, outperforming all the reported synthetic elastomers. Furthermore, the fatigue threshold is as high as 2,682 J m
, the same order of magnitude as the ligaments (~1,000 J m
). We reveal that the dynamic double-crosslinking network composed of Li
-O interactions and PMMA nanoaggregates allows for a hierarchical energy dissipation, enabling the elastomers as artificial ligaments in soft robotics.
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