To test the independent and interactive associations of physical activity (PA) and screen time (ST) with self-reported mental health and sleep quality among Chinese college students.
Data were ...collected in October, 2013. The gender, age, residential background, body mass index (BMI), perceived family economy and perceived study burden were obtained from a total of 4747 college students (41.6% males and 58.4% females). The outcomes were self-reported PA status, ST, anxiety, depression, psychopathological symptoms and sleep quality. Analyses were conducted with logistic regression models.
Overall, 16.3%, 15.9% and 17.3% of the students had psychological problems, such as anxiety, depression and psychopathological symptoms, respectively. The prevalence of poor sleep quality was 9.8%. High ST was significantly positively associated with anxiety (OR=1.38, 95%CI: 1.15-1.65), depression (OR=1.76, 95%CI: 1.47-2.09), psychopathological symptoms (OR=1.69, 95%CI: 1.43-2.01) and poor sleep quality (OR=1.32, 95%CI: 1.06-1.65). High PA was insignificantly negatively associated with anxiety, depression, psychopathological symptoms and poor sleep. Low PA and high ST were independently and interactively associated with increased risks of mental health problems and poor sleep quality (p<0.05 for all).
Interventions are needed to reduce ST and increase PA in the lifestyles of young people. Future research should develop and measure the impacts of interventions and their potential consequences on sleep, health, and well being.
As a complementary solution for seamless and ubiquitous coverage, satellite communications will play crucial roles in future global Internet of Things (IoT). Focusing on enhancing access efficiency ...and resource utilization of massive machine-type devices (MTDs), we propose an efficient collision detection scheme at the first step of random access (RA) procedure for satellite-based IoT. By leveraging a single root Zadoff-Chu (ZC) sequence with an elaborate set of cyclic shift offsets to generate all the available preamble sequences, the proposed scheme can achieve rapid collision detection and load estimation in one-shot correlation operation, while having the robustness to the non-orthogonal interference. The preamble detection probability, collision detection probability, and load monitoring accuracy, are mathematically analyzed, and an optimal set of preamble selection probabilities is given to maximize the overall load monitoring accuracy. Simulation results exhibit the remarkable performance improvement of our scheme in typical satellite line-of-sight (LOS) scenario, by compared to the state-of-the-art collision detection schemes.
•The mesophase pitch was produced by co-carbonization of CTP and BTP.•More domain-like texture mesophase pitch was obtained by blending BTP with CTP.•BTP altered the chemical structure and functional ...groups of hybrid mesophase pitch.•The well-developed needle coke was prepared from the hybrid mesophase pitches.
In this work, coal tar pitch was co-carbonized with biomass tar pitch to manufacture hybrid mesophase pitch as precursor for the preparation of needle coke. The properties of mesophase pitches were characterized using a polarized light optical microscope, apparent viscometer, FT-IR, and 1H NMR. After adding biomass tar pitch into coal tar pitch, the mesophase pitches had more flow domain-like texture due to its lower viscosity and softening points. Besides, the addition of biomass tar pitch altered the chemical structure and functional groups of the resulting mesophase pitch, accompanied by the growth of alkyl and naphthenic compounds. Accordingly, the needle coke prepared from the hybrid mesophase pitches showed more flow domain textures and were better aligned uniaxially than the counterpart derived from pure coal tar pitch. The coefficient of thermal expansion of needle coke was reduced from 0.93 × 10−6 °C-1 to 0.42 × 10−6 °C-1. The low viscosity of the mesophase pitches caused by the addition of biomass tar pitch favored the development of mesophase and highly uniaxial arrangement. The increase in the alkyl and naphthenic group compounds greatly improved the performance of the needle coke.
Low back pain (LBP) is a major musculoskeletal disorder and the socioeconomic problem with a high prevalence that mainly involves intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration, characterized by progressive ...nucleus pulposus (NP) cell death and the development of an inflammatory microenvironment in NP tissue. Excessively accumulated cytosolic DNA acts as a damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) that is monitored by the cGAS-STING axis to trigger the immune response in many degenerative diseases. NLRP3 inflammasome-dependent pyroptosis is a type of inflammatory programmed death that promotes a chronic inflammatory response and tissue degeneration. However, the relationship between the cGAS-STING axis and NLRP3 inflammasome-induced pyroptosis in the pathogenesis of IVD degeneration remains unclear. Here, we used magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and histopathology to demonstrate that cGAS, STING, and NLRP3 are associated with the degree of IVD degeneration. Oxidative stress induced cGAS-STING axis activation and NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis in a STING-dependent manner in human NP cells. Interestingly, the canonical morphological and functional characteristics of mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) opening with the cytosolic escape of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) were observed in human NP cells under oxidative stress. Furthermore, the administration of a specific pharmacological inhibitor of mPTP and self-mtDNA cytosolic leakage effectively reduced NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated pyroptotic NP cell death and microenvironmental inflammation in vitro and degenerative progression in a rat disc needle puncture model. Collectively, these data highlight the critical roles of the cGAS-STING-NLRP3 axis and pyroptosis in the progression of IVD degeneration and provide promising therapeutic approaches for discogenic LBP.
Insufficient physical activity (IPA) and mobile phone dependence are common coexisting behaviors among college students. However, the impact of the synergies between the two behaviors on depression ...has yet to be validated. Therefore, this study evaluated independent and interactive associations of problematic mobile phone use (PMPU) and IPA with depression symptoms and increased depressive symptoms among Chinese college students.
In total, 2134 college students participated in this follow-up study, which was conducted between June 2014 (wave 1) and December 2014 (wave 2) at Anhui Medical University. The Self-rating Questionnaire for Adolescent Problematic Mobile Phone Use and the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale were used to assess PMPU and depression symptoms, respectively. Physical activity (PA) was assessed with a reliable question from the Youth Risk Behavior Survey. Joint effects of PMPU and PA were calculated, and increased depressive symptoms were assessed. We used multivariable-adjusted odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) to evaluate associations between depression symptoms and PMPU, IPA, and the PMPU/IPA joint effect, estimated by binary logistic regression models.
PMPU and high PMPU/IPA joint effect scores were significantly associated with depression symptoms in waves 1 (OR 7.36, 95% CI: 5.09, 10.66) and 2 (OR 3.74, 95% CI: 2.56, 5.48). IPA was significantly associated with depression symptoms in wave 1 (OR 1.40, 95% CI: 1.09, 1.79) but not wave 2 (OR 1.24, 95% CI: 0.95, 1.62). PMPU and high PMPU/IPA joint effect scores were also significantly associated with increased depressive symptoms (OR 2.36, 95% CI: 1.55, 3.60).
These results suggest that PMPU is an important factor for depression in college students, and IPA may be a synergistic factor.
Display omitted
•Pathogenesis and characteristics of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) are presented.•The history and current situation of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in treating lung ...diseases are introduced.•Therapeutic mechanisms of different TCM to treat IPF are summarized.•Advantages and types of pulmonary drug delivery systems (PDDS) are emphasized.•Combining TCM with PDDS is a potential strategy to treat IPF.
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive pulmonary interstitial inflammatory disease of unknown etiology, and is also a sequela in severe patients with the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Nintedanib and pirfenidone are the only two known drugs which are conditionally recommended for the treatment of IPF by the FDA. However, these drugs pose some adverse side effects such as nausea and diarrhoea during clinical applications. Therefore, it is of great value and significance to identify effective and safe therapeutic drugs to solve the clinical problems associated with intake of western medicine. As a unique medical treatment, Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) has gradually exerted its advantages in the treatment of IPF worldwide through a multi-level and multi-target approach. Further, to overcome the current clinical problems of oral and injectable intakes of TCM, pulmonary drug delivery system (PDDS) could be designed to reduce the systemic metabolism and adverse reactions of the drug and to improve the bioavailability of drugs. Through PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and CNKI, we retrieved articles published in related fields in recent years, and this paper has summarized twenty-seven Chinese compound prescriptions, ten single TCM, and ten active ingredients for effective prevention and treatment of IPF. We also introduce three kinds of inhaling PDDS, which supports further research of TCM combined with PDDS to treat IPF.
In ancient China, an unobstructed, convenient and efficient transmission system nationwide was established for long-distance transmission of information. The transmission system works to different ...degrees in different regions, which is an important index to measure the interregional information level. Yet, some minor differences, may not be easily sensed by people subjectively. Identifying and quantifying the influences of information transmission efficiency is the best way to solve this problem. Based on the historical information map visualized by ArcGIS software, this study established a hierarchy evaluation model suitable for the analysis of ancient information transmission efficiency from three aspects of Wei-Suo system, beacon system and post system. The information transmission systems in five different regions of Wenzhou in the Ming Dynasty were quantitatively explored respectively. The results break through the qualitative conclusions of the general studies, and find out that the overall information transmission efficiency of Wenzhou in Ming Dynasty was strong in coastal, northern and southern regions, but weak in inland and central regions, which was closely related to the geographical environment and military defense demands in coastal areas of the Ming Dynasty. The model is proven to greatly contribute to judging the spatial configuration of ancient information transmission system in different regions, and provides a new idea for the study on ancient information transmission system.
Visual expression is increasingly used in historical research due to its intuitiveness and distinctness. However, most of the common research contents focus on the spatial concept, but lack the ...visualization analysis of the attribute characteristics of the research elements. In order to achieve this goal, based on a case study of the coastal military defense system in Ming Dynasty, the Geographic Information System (GIS) platform was adopted to reconstruct the historical map and its spatial data were extracted. On this foundation, the attribute characteristics of the military settlements, accessibility, was quantified by constructing a hierarchy evaluation model, and then the results were projected into the spatial geographic coordinates to realize the visualization of the accessibility of the military settlements in Ming Dynasty. The results showed that the combined method of quantification and visualization not only enabled more comprehensive and intuitive display of historical information, but also promoted data extraction and correlation analysis, creating a possibly for more in-depth future research.
Carbohydrates are important components of foods and essential biomolecules performing various biological functions in living systems. A variety of biological activities besides providing fuel have ...been explored and reported for carbohydrates. Some carbohydrates have been approved for the treatment of various diseases; however, carbohydrate-containing drugs represent only a small portion of all of the drugs on the market. This review summarizes several potential development directions of carbohydrate-containing therapeutics, with the hope of promoting the application of carbohydrates in drug development.
Background MCM3AP-AS1 is a recently characterized lncRNA playing an oncogenic role in several cancers. However, its role in lung cancer remains unknown. Here, we aimed to explore the functions of ...MCM3AP-AS1 in small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and the possible underlying mechanisms. Methods MCM3AP-AS1 and ROCK1 levels in SCLC patients were analyzed by qPCR. RNA pull-down and luciferase assays were performed to analyze the interaction between MCM3AP-AS1 and miR-148a. ROCK1 mRNA and protein levels were detected by qPCR and Western blot, respectively. Cell invasion and migration were analyzed by Transwell assays. Results MCM3AP-AS1 was upregulated in patients with SCLC, and a high MCM3AP-AS1 level was accompanied by a low survival rate. The binding of MCM3AP-AS1 to miR-148a predicted by bioinformatics analysis was verified by RNA pull-down and luciferase assays. However, MCM3AP-AS1 and miR-148a did not affect each other's expression. ROCK1 was upregulated in SCLC tissues and positively correlated with MCM3AP-AS1. In SCLC cells, MCM3AP-AS1 overexpression increased ROCK1 and promoted cancer cell invasion and migration, while miR-148a overexpression showed the opposite effects and attenuated the effects of MCM3AP-AS1 overexpression on ROCK1 expression and cell behaviors. Conclusions MCM3AP-AS1 sponges miR-148a, thereby increasing SCLC cell invasion and migration via upregulating ROCK1 expression. Keywords: MCM3AP-AS1, Small cell lung cancer, Survival, miR-148a, ROCK1
PDF
