Long noncoding RNA HOTTIP plays important roles in the generation and progression of human cancers. Exosomes participate in cellular communication by transmitting moleculars between cells and are ...regarded as suitable candidates for non-invasive diagnosis. However, the existence of HOTTIP in the circulating exosomes and the potential roles of exosomal HOTTIP in gastric cancer (GC) was poorly understood. This study aims at investigating the clinical roles of exosomal HOTTIP in GC. Serum exosomal HOTTIP from 246 subjects (126 GC patients and 120 healthy people) were detected by reverse transcription real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Our results showed that expression levels of exosomal HOTTIP were typically upregulated in GC than in normal control (P < 0.001). And its expression levels were significantly correlated with invasion depth (P = 0.0298) and TNM stage (P < 0.001). The AUC for exosomal HOTTIP was 0.827, which demonstrated a higher diagnostic capability than CEA, CA 19-9 and CA72-4 (AUC = 0.653, 0.685 and 0.639, respectively) (P < 0.001). The Kaplan-Meier analysis showed a correlation between increased exosomal HOTTIP levels and poor overall survival (OS) (logrank P < 0.001). And univariate and multivariate COX analysis revealed exosomal HOTTIP overexpression was an independent prognostic factor in GC patients (P = 0.027). These findings demonstrated that exosomal HOTTIP may be a potential biomarker for GC in diagnosis and prognosis.
The recognition of actions from video sequences has many applications in health monitoring, assisted living, surveillance, and smart homes. Despite advances in sensing, in particular related to 3D ...video, the methodologies to process the data are still subject to research. We demonstrate superior results by a system which combines recurrent neural networks with convolutional neural networks in a voting approach. The gated-recurrent-unit-based neural networks are particularly well-suited to distinguish actions based on long-term information from optical tracking data; the 3D-CNNs focus more on detailed, recent information from video data. The resulting features are merged in an SVM which then classifies the movement. In this architecture, our method improves recognition rates of state-of-the-art methods by 14% on standard data sets.
Programmed death 1 (PD‐1) and its ligand (PD‐L1) play pivotal roles in regulating host immune responses. However, the inhibitory effects of this pathway on the function of cytotoxic CD8+ T ...lymphocytes, the main effector cells in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients, are not well defined. In this study, we characterized circulating and intratumor PD‐1/PD‐L1 expression and analyzed their association with disease progression in a cohort of hepatitis B virus‐infected patients, including 56 with HCC, 20 with liver cirrhosis (LC) and 20 healthy controls (HC). The frequency of circulating PD‐1+CD8+ T cells increased with disease progression from LC to HCC patients versus HC. Furthermore, tumor‐infiltrating effector CD8+ T cells showed a drastic increase in PD‐1 expression. These increases in circulating and intratumor PD‐1+CD8+ T cells could predict poorer disease progression and postoperative recurrence. Immunohistochemical staining showed that PD‐L1 expressing hepatoma cells and apoptotic infiltrating CD8+ T cells were both enriched in tumor sections. In vitro, CD8+ T cells induced PD‐L1 expression on hepatoma cells in an IFN‐γ–dependent manner, which in turn promoted CD8+ T cells apoptosis, and blocking PD‐L1 reversed this effect. Therefore, this study extends our knowledge of the role of the PD‐1/PD‐L1 pathway in tumor evasion and provides evidence for a new therapeutic target in HCC patients.
To resist the increasingly serious radiation pollution, there is a great need for the fabrication of high-performance electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding materials. However, it is a great ...challenge to prepare EMI shielding materials with high efficiency, lightweight, and flexibility for practical applications. Here, we demonstrate an efficient and facile approach to prepare freestanding, lightweight, and flexible crosslinking polyacrylonitrile (CPAN) nanofiber (NF)/metal nanoparticle (MNP) hybrid membranes with a high efficiency and reasonable strength via electrospinning followed by an electroless deposition process. In contrast to a Cu- and Ni-decorated CPAN NF membrane, the resultant CPAN NF/Ag nanoparticle (NP) hybrid membrane exhibited much better electrical conductivity. Furthermore, a superior EMI shielding effectiveness of ≈90 dB is achieved for the lightweight CPAN NF/Ag NP hybrid membrane (53 µm), which is superior to pure metal and most of the synthesized EMI shielding materials. The excellent EMI shielding efficiency is attributed to the high conductivity of MNPs and favorable porous structure in the hybrid NF membrane. In addition, the resultant CPAN NF/MNP hybrid membrane shows a reasonable mechanical strength and excellent flexibility. The prepared polymer NF/MNP hybrid membrane shows promising applications in smart portable and wearable electronics.
Metal ions play important roles in biological system. Approaches capable of selective and sensitive detection of metal ions in living biosystems provide in situ information and have attracted ...remarkable research attentions. Among these, fluorescence probes with aggregation-induced emission (AIE) behavior offer unique properties. A variety of AIE fluorogens (AIEgens) have been developed in the past decades for tracing metal ions. This review highlights recent advances (since 2015) in AIE-based sensors for detecting metal ions in biological systems. Major concerns will be devoted to the design principles, sensing performance, and bioimaging applications.
To compare the morphometry of paraspinal muscles in patients with degenerative spondylolisthesis (DS), isthmic spondylolisthesis (IS), and healthy individuals.
Thirty-seven pairs of DS patients were ...selected using propensity score matching with IS patients, while 37 healthy individuals matched for age, sex, and BMI were selected as controls. The relative cross-sectional area (rCSA), and relative functional cross-sectional area (rfCSA) of paraspinal muscles were measured, and the degree of fatty infiltration (FI) was calculated. Based on occupational differences, the patients were also divided into worker and farmer groups, and the same measurements were taken on them.
At the L3/L4 level, the multifidus (MF) FI was greater in the DS and IS groups than in the control group, the erector spinae (ES) rfCSA was higher in the IS group than in the DS and control groups. At the L4/L5 level, MF rfCSA was smaller in the DS and IS groups than in the control group; ES rfCSA was higher in the IS group than in the DS and control groups. At the L5/S1 level, MF rfCSA was smaller in the DS and IS groups than in the control group; ES rfCSA was higher in the IS group than in the DS group. At the L3/L4, L4/L5 level, MF rfCSA were higher in the worker group than in the farmer group (p < 0.05).
The morphological changes in paraspinal muscles in patients with DS were dominated by selective atrophy of the MF, while in patients with IS, the morphological changes in paraspinal muscle showed selective atrophy of the MF accompanied by compensatory hypertrophy of the ES. The surgeon should consider the morphological differences in paraspinal muscle between different types of lumbar spondylolisthesis when establishing the appropriate surgical program.
Low-density, flexible and high-performance electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding materials are urgently required to address the increasingly serious problem of radiation pollution. Ni-Co ...alloys with intrinsic conductivity and magnetism are good candidates for providing excellent EMI shielding performance. However, their high density and poor flexibility severely restrict their further applications in some specific fields. Herein, lightweight and flexible Ni-Co alloy nanoparticle-coated PAN-PU (P@Ni-Co) nanofiber membrane is fabricated through the combination of the electrospinning technique and the electroless deposition process, and it is employed as an effective EMI shielding material. Due to its remarkable conductivity of 1139.6 S/cm and the satisfactory saturation magnetization value of 49.6 emu/g, P@Ni-Co hybrid membrane with a thickness of 0.180 mm and a density of 0.59 g cm−3 exhibits excellent electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness (EMI SE) of >68 dB over a wide frequency band (8–26.5 GHz); moreover, the average EMI SE reached as high as 77.8 dB with an absolute EMI shielding effectiveness (SSET) of 7325.8 dB cm2·g−1, which are higher than those for most of the reported EMI shielding materials. Compared to reflection, absorption makes a much larger contribution to the total EMI shielding effectiveness. These results suggest that Ni-Co alloy nanoparticle-coated PAN-PU nanofiber membrane would be very promising for applications as a thinner and lighter EMI shielding material.
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•P@Ni-Co nanofiber membrane is prepared via electrospinning and electroless plating.•P@Ni-Co exhibits remarkable conductivity and satisfying magnetism.•P@Ni-Co is employed as lightweight and flexible EMI shielding material.•The average EMI SE could reach 77.8 dB over wide frequency band (8–26.5 GHz).•Absorption makes much larger contribution to total EMI shielding effectiveness.
Water contamination by emerging organic pollutants, such as pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs), is becoming more and more serious. Porous aromatic frameworks (PAFs) are considered as ...promising adsorbents to remove the PPCPs. To overcome the limitation of PAFs in their powder forms for large-scale applications, herein, we proposed a strategy to covalently anchor PAFs onto electrospun polymer fiber membranes. Polyaniline (PANI) played the role of aromatic seed layer, which was coated on the electrospun polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fiber membrane first. Then, PAF-45 modification was in situ synthesized in the presence of the PANI-coated electrospun PAN fiber membrane. This study could make the PAF-based materials be handled more easily and improve the surface area of electrospun fiber membrane. The obtained composite adsorbent (PAF-45-PP FM) was applied for the adsorption of three PPCPs: ibuprofen (IBPF), chloroxylenol (CLXN), and N,N-diethyl-meta-toluamide (DEET), which exhibited high adsorption capacity and good recycling ability. According to the Langmuir model, the maximum adsorption capacities of PAF-45-PP FM toward IBPF, CLXN and DEET were 613.50, 429.18, and 384.61 mg/g, respectively. In addition, after ten adsorption–desorption cycles, the adsorption capacities toward the three PPCPs decreased slightly. Through an adsorption comparison test, the adsorption capacity of PAF-45-PP FM almost attributed to the loading PAF-45. The adsorption mechanism analysis illustrated that there were pore capture, hydrophobic interaction and π–π interaction between PPCPs and PAF-45-PP FM. Therefore, the PAF-45-PP FM can be potential adsorbents to purify water contaminated with PPCPs.
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