The “Internet Plus” era has established a closer connection between sports and individuals. This study used data from the 2018 China Family Panel Studies and focused on the middle- and younger-aged ...population aged 15 to 59 years. Employing a negative binomial regression model, this study empirically analyzed the impact of Internet use on physical exercise and its internal mechanisms among this population. The findings revealed that (1) Internet use significantly promoted physical exercise in the middle- and younger-aged population, with the frequency of physical exercise increasing to 1.549 times the original value; (2) The positive effects of the internet on physical exercise outweighed the negative effects, with online learning and entertainment enhancing physical exercise and online socialization limiting it. Specifically, online learning and entertainment increased the frequency of physical exercise among the middle- and younger-aged population by 0.063 and 0.018, respectively. Online socialization reduced the frequency by 0.023; and (3) The influence of internet use on physical exercise varies; significantly, it positively affects the exercise frequency among individuals over 35 years old and shows a positive correlation with employment status, including both employed individuals and those out of the labor market. The positive role of Internet use in encouraging physical exercise participation among the middle- and young-aged groups should be valued and enhanced.
In this paper, the characters of hydrodynamic permeability, surface property, and blood compatibility of polydopamine (PDA) coated polyethersulfone (PES) ultrafiltration (UF) membranes were ...investigated in detail. We presented a general protocol to improve the hydrodynamic permeability and blood compatibility of PES UF membranes by a simple biomimetic strategy. The chemical structure and surface morphology of the PDA coated membranes were studied in detail; meanwhile, the influence of the coated PDA nano-layer on water contact angle and water flux of the modified membranes was investigated. It was found that the water flux of the pure PES membrane decreased dramatically, approach to 0ml/(m2hmmHg), after a few hours of PDA coating. To avoid the dramatic decline of water flux, the method of pre-adding pore-forming reagent was taken to fabricate the PDA coated PES membranes with tunable water flux. Moreover, the anti-fouling property, platelet adhesion, and blood coagulation time of the PDA modified PES membranes were studied, and the results indicated that the PDA modified PES UF membranes showed enhanced blood compatibility.
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► Polydopamine was used to improve hydrophilicity and hemocompatibility of PES membrane. ► The chemical structure and surface morphology of the coated PDA layer were studied. ► The modified membranes showed enhanced anti-fouling ability and blood compatibility.
A robust pathway to synthesize electrically conductive hemicellulose hydrogels (ECHHs) based on O-acetyl-galactoglucomannan (AcGGM) and conductive aniline tetramer (AT) is presented. These ECHHs were ...obtained by functionalizing carboxylated AcGGM with glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) and subsequently covalently immobilizing AT onto GMA. Hydrogel swelling ratios (SRs) were regulated by the degree of substitution (DS) of the carboxylated AcGGM, the maximum varied as follows: SRDS=1.14 < SRDS=0.60 < S RDS=0.24. The SR can also be tuned from 548% to 228% by changing the AT contents from 10% (w/w) to 40% (w/w) while simultaneously altering conductivities from 2.93 10-8 to 1.12 10-6 S/cm. Free-standing ECHHs with tunable conductivity and degree of swelling, as presented herein, have a broad potential for biomedical applications.
To explore the mechanism of the effect of emotional facial expression on attentional process, time course and topographic map of Electroencephalographic activities affected by emotional stimuli were ...investigated. Emotional Stroop task was used to collect 64-channel event-related potentials (ERP) in nonclinical participants, and data clustering was applied to find significant effect of sad and happy facial expression on ERP. Several significant ERP clusters were found in the sad and happy conditions respectively. In the sad condition, the decreased N170 in the bilateral parietooccipital areas, the increased P3 in the right centroparietal region and the increased negative deflection between 600 and 650 ms in the prefrontal regions were observed, these alterations reflected inhibited perceptual processing of sad facial expression, and increased activations of the orienting network and the executive control network in attentional system, respectively. In the happy condition, increased negative slow wave was found in the left centroparietal region indicating strengthened awareness and readiness for successive trials. Importantly, nonpathological attentional bias to sad facial expression in nonclinical participants was associated with inhibited perceptual processing and increased activations of the orienting and executive control networks. It provides the basis for better understanding and application of attentional bias in psychiatric clinical utilization.
An amphiphilic triblock co-polymer of poly(vinyl pyrrolidone)-b-poly(methyl methacrylate)-b-poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP-b-PMMA-b-PVP) was synthesized via reversible addition-fragmentation chain ...transfer (RAFT) polymerization. The block co-polymer can be directly blended with polyethersulfone (PES) using dimethylacetamide (DMAC) as the solvent to prepare flat sheet and hollow fiber membranes using a liquid-liquid phase separation technique. The PVP block formed a brush on the surface of the blended membrane, while the PMMA block mingled with the PES macromolecules, which endowed the membrane with permanent hydrophilicity. After adding the as-prepared block co-polymer the modified membranes showed lower protein (bovine serum albumin) adsorption, suppressed platelet adhesion, and a prolonged blood coagulation time, and thereby the blood compatibility was improved. Furthermore, the modified PES membranes showed good cytocompatibility, ultrafiltration and protein anti-fouling properties. These results suggest that surface modification of PES membranes by blending with the amphiphilic triblock co-polymer PVP-b-PMMA-b-PVP allows practical application of these membranes with good biocompatibility in the field of blood purification, such as hemodialysis and bioartificial liver support.
Summary Background Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is prevalent worldwide and improvements in timely and effective diagnosis are needed. We assessed whether measurement of Dickkopf-1 (DKK1) in serum ...could improve diagnostic accuracy for HCC. Methods We analysed data for patients with HCC, chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, liver cirrhosis, and healthy controls, recruited from two Chinese centres between December, 2008, and July, 2009. A validation cohort matched for age and sex was recruited from another centre in China between February, 2009, and June, 2011. DKK1 was measured in serum by ELISA by independent researchers who had no access to patients' clinical information. We used receiver operating characteristics (ROC) to calculate diagnostic accuracy. Findings We assessed serum DKK1 in 831 participants: 424 with HCC, 98 with chronic HBV infection, 96 with cirrhosis, and 213 healthy controls. The validation cohort comprised 453 participants: 209 with HCC, 73 with chronic HBV infection, 72 with cirrhosis, and 99 healthy controls. Levels of DKK1 in serum were significantly higher in patients with HCC than in all controls. ROC curves showed the optimum diagnostic cutoff was 2·153 ng/mL (area under curve AUC 0·848 95% CI 0·820–0·875, sensitivity 69·1%, and specificity 90·6% in the test cohort; 0·862 0·825–0·899, 71·3%, and 87·2% in the validation cohort). Similar results were noted for early-stage HCC (0·865 0·835–0·895, 70·9%, and 90·5% in the test cohort; 0·896 0·846–0·947, 73·8%, and 87·2% in the validation cohort). Furthermore, DKK1 maintained diagnostic accuracy for patients with HCC who were α-fetoprotein (AFP) negative (0·841 0·801–0·882, 70·4%, and 90·0% in the test cohort; 0·869 0·815–0·923, 66·7%, and 87·2% in the validation cohort), including for patients with early-stage HCC (0·870 0·829–0·911, 73·1%, and 90·0% in the test cohort; 0·893 0·804–0·983, 72·2%, and 87·2% in the validation cohort), compared with all controls. Raised concentrations of DKK1 in serum could differentiate HCC from chronic HBV infection and cirrhosis (0·834 0·798–0·871, 69·1%, and 84·7% in the test cohort; 0·873 0·832–0·913, 71·3%, and 90·6% in the validation cohort). Moreover, measurement of DKK1 and AFP together improved diagnostic accuracy for HCC versus all controls compared with either test alone (0·889 0·866–0·913, 73·3%, and 93·4% in the test cohort; 0·888 0·856–0·920, 78·5%, and 87·2% in the validation cohort). Interpretation DKK1 could complement measurement of AFP in the diagnosis of HCC and improve identification of patients with AFP-negative HCC and distinguish HCC from non-malignant chronic liver diseases. Funding National Key Basic Research Programme of China, National Key Sci-Tech Special Projects of Infectious Diseases, National Natural Science Foundation of China, Research Fund for the Doctoral Programme of Higher Education of China.
► Citric acid was grafted onto polyurethane, used as the anticoagulant additive. ► A new activated partial thromboplastin time method was introduced in this paper. ► The blood compatibility and ...cytocompatibility of the blended membrane were researched.
Citric acid, a widely used anticoagulant, was grafted onto polyurethane through a two-step solution polymerization. The novel synthesized polymer can be directly blended with polyethersulfone (PES) to prepare membranes. The modified membranes showed lower protein (bovine serum albumin, BSA; bovine serum fibrinogen, BFG) adsorption and suppressed platelet adhesion. Due to the binding of calcium ions in blood, the modified membranes effectively prolonged the activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), prothrombin time (PT), plasma recalcification time (PRT) and the whole blood clotting time (WBCT). Furthermore, the modified membranes showed good cytocompatibility, and the surfaces promoted hepatocyte adhesion and proliferation compared to pure PES membrane. These results indicated that the surface modification by blending citric acid grafted polyurethane provided practical application of the membranes with good biocompatibility, especially the anticoagulant property; and the membranes could be used in blood purification fields, such as hemodialysis and bioaritificial liver assist devices.
Oil spills and pollution of oily wastewater from the industrial field have not only caused serious economic losses but also imposed a huge threat to human beings. To solve these issues, the ...development of advanced materials and technologies for the purification of oily wastewater has garnered great concern and become a central topic. Hence, a superhydrophobic polyurethane (PU) sponge adsorbent is designed via mussel-inspired coatings by double bonds to PU sponge, followed by
polymerization with 1-hexadecene. The prepared PU sponge adsorbent (PU@DB@16ene sponge) showed outstanding mechanical properties including low density, high porosity, and compression recovery ability. Moreover, the prepared PU@DB@16ene sponge showed excellent adsorption of oils and organic solvents (up to 187 g g
) and exhibited superior recyclability. Particularly, when the PU@DB@16ene sponge was applied in the continuous and rapid separation of oils and organic solvents, it still showed desired properties at a rapid velocity of 8.3 L m
s
. Additionally, the PU@DB@16ene sponge could not only adsorb organic solvents in laboratories but also adsorb crude oil and industrial waxy oil in practice. Therefore, we proposed a simple and convenient method to construct PU sponge absorbents with great application prospects, which would be highly valuable for crude oil and organic solvents cleanup.
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•A three-dimensional network was constructed in the hydrogel by combining one-dimensional and two-dimensional fillers.•The fillers were aligned via varying the mass ratios of ...multiwall carbon nanotubes to hexagonal boron nitride.•The hydrogel showed an enhanced thermal conductivity, which is 226 % to that of the pristine hydrogel.•The hydrogel exhibited capacities of reducing heat damage, pain relieving, and promoting wound healing in burn therapy via animal assay.
Hydrogel treatment as a common cooling method could effectively ease pain and promote wounds healing by reducing thermal injury to the skin. However, the inherent low thermal conductivity of polymers limits the improvement of hydrogels’ cooling performance. The present study reports a simple method by combining thermal conductive fillers 1D hydroxylated multiwall carbon nanotubes (CNT-OH) and 2D hydroxylated hexagonal boron nitride (BN-OH) to construct 3D conductive networks in hydrogels for cooling treatment and burn therapy. It is interesting that the thermal conductive fillers are aligned via varying the mass ratios of CNT-OH to BN-OH. Hence, the utilization efficiency of the thermal conductive fillers is improved; and the thermal conductivity of the hydrogels is enhanced up to 1.31 W*m−1*K−1, which is 226 % to the pristine hydrogel of 0.58 W*m−1*K−1. Consequently, the optimized hydrogel exhibits rapid cooling abilities that the heated porcine skin only takes 168 s to decrease 30 °C with the treatment of the hydrogel. More importantly, the thermal conductivity enhanced hydrogel exhibits the capacities of rapid cooling, reducing heat injury and pain relieving, and promoting wound healing in vivo tests, which prove that the enhanced thermal conductive and moisturizing hydrogel can be a good alternative for burn therapy.
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