Dans cet article, nous proposons d’examiner, à partir d’une série d’exemples concrets, les traits poétiques de L’âge d’homme de Michel Leiris, en s’interrogeant sur le fonctionnement de la mise en ...scène du « je » dans son expérimentation autobiographique. En rejetant le modèle classique de l’autobiographie, l’auteur place l’histoire de sa personnalité dans un cadre constitué d’images récurrentes où s’entremêlent des jeux sur le lexique, des liaisons analogiques et des associations apparemment arbitraires. Dans l’intention de se liquider, il repousse les limites du langage conventionnel et exploite une dimension lyrique au sein de son ouvrage narratif, en effectuant, dans le même processus, la constitution de sa genèse.
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has become a global disease with accelerating incidence worldwide in the 21st century while its accurate etiology remains unclear. In the past decade, gut microbiota ...dysbiosis has consistently been associated with IBD. Although many IBDassociated dysbiosis have not been proven to be a cause or an effect of IBD, it is often hypothesized that at least some of alteration in microbiome is protective or causative. In this article, we selectively reviewed the hypothesis supported by both association studies in human and pathogenesis studies in biological models. Specifically, we reviewed the potential protective bacterial pathways and species against IBD, as well as the potential causative bacterial pathways and species of IBD. We also reviewed the potential roles of some members of mycobiome and virome in IBD. Lastly, we covered the current status of therapeutic approaches targeting microbiome, which is a promising strategy to alleviate and cure this inflammatory disease.
Output instability is one of the important constraints limiting the large-scale application of renewable energy. The development of comprehensive energy systems can effectively improve energy ...utilization efficiency, but there is still a problem of randomness in renewable energy output. The paper conducts research on the uncertainty of distributed energy output and load, constructs a comprehensive energy system optimization model that takes into account the robustness of bilevel programming, and solves the model using the firefly algorithm. The calculation results show that optimizing uncertainty can significantly reduce the actual operating costs of the system, with a maximum reduction of 14.43%. When the distributed wind power interval is within 0190, a dynamic balance between cost and consumption rate can be achieved.
Long non-coding RNA PVT1 and cancer Cui, Ming; You, Lei; Ren, Xiaoxia ...
Biochemical and biophysical research communications,
02/2016, Volume:
471, Issue:
1
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Genome-wide sequencing technologies have led to the identification of many non-coding RNAs and revealed an important role for these molecules in cancer. Although there have been many studies on the ...role of short non-coding RNAs in cancer, much work remains to characterize the functions of long non-coding RNAs. PVT1, a long non-coding RNA encoded by the human PVT1 gene, is located in the well-known cancer-related region 8q24, also known as the 8q24 ‘gene desert.’ PVT1 has three main molecular mechanisms of action: participating in DNA rearrangements, encoding microRNAs, and interacting with MYC. Studies on the association between PVT1 and cancer have shown that PVT1 is a potential oncogene in a variety of cancer types. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of PVT1 in cancer remain unknown. Further studies of PVT1 will be required to test the utility of this molecule as a target for cancer diagnosis and therapy, and they should also increase our understanding of the role of long non-coding RNAs in tumorigenesis.
•PVT1 has three main mechanisms of action in cancer.•PVT1's role in cancer is comprehensively discussed, both in bench and clinical work.•PVT1 is a focus of cancer research and a potential target for diagnosis and therapy.
Tamoxifen is the most commonly used endocrine therapy for patients with hormone receptor (HR)-positive breast cancer. Despite its initial therapeutic efficacy, many patients eventually develop drug ...resistance, which remains a serious clinical challenge. To investigate roles of circular RNAs (circRNAs) in tamoxifen resistance, a tamoxifen-resistant MCF-7 cell line was established and screened for its circRNA expression profile by RNA sequencing. hsa_circ_0025202, a circRNA that was significantly downregulated, was selected for further investigation. Using a large cohort of clinical specimens, we found that hsa_circ_0025202 exhibited low expression in cancer tissues and was negatively correlated with lymphatic metastasis and histological grade. Gain- and loss-of-function assays indicated that hsa_circ_0025202 could inhibit cell proliferation, colony formation, and migration and increase cell apoptosis and sensitivity to tamoxifen. Bioinformatics and luciferase reporter assays verified that hsa_circ_0025202 could act as a miRNA sponge for miR-182-5p and further regulate the expression and activity of FOXO3a. Functional studies revealed that tumor inhibition and tamoxifen sensitization effects of hsa_circ_0025202 were achieved via the miR-182-5p/FOXO3a axis. Moreover, in vivo experiments confirmed that hsa_circ_0025202 could suppress tumor growth and enhance tamoxifen efficacy. Taken together, hsa_circ_0025202 served an anti-oncogenic role in HR-positive breast cancer, and it could be exploited as a novel marker for tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer.
This report demonstrates a novel circular RNA, named hsa_circ_0025202, which is downregulated in tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer cells. hsa_circ_0025202 was identified as a tumor suppressor, and it could improve tamoxifen sensitivity through regulating the miR-182-5p/FOXO3a axis, suggesting it could be a potential therapeutic target and marker for patients with hormone receptor-positive breast cancer.
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play crucial roles in tumor progression and are aberrantly expressed in various cancers. However, the functional roles of lncRNAs in breast cancer remain largely ...unknown.
Based on public databases and integrating bioinformatics analyses, the overexpression of lncRNA BCRT1 in breast cancer tissues was detected and further validated in a cohort of breast cancer tissues. The effects of lncRNA BCRT1 on proliferation, migration, invasion and macrophage polarization were determined by in vitro and in vivo experiments. Luciferase reporter assay and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) were carried out to reveal the interaction between lncRNA BCRT1, miR-1303, and PTBP3. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and RT-PCR were used to evaluate the regulatory effect of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) on lncRNA BCRT1.
LncRNA BCRT1 was significantly upregulated in breast cancer tissues, which was correlated with poor prognosis in breast cancer patients. LncRNA BCRT1 knockdown remarkably suppressed tumor growth and metastasis in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, lncRNA BCRT1 could competitively bind with miR-1303 to prevent the degradation of its target gene PTBP3, which acts as a tumor-promoter in breast cancer. LncRNA BCRT1 overexpression could promote M2 polarization of macrophages, mediated by exosomes, which further accelerated breast cancer progression. Furthermore, lncRNA BCRT1 was upregulated in response to hypoxia, which was attributed to the binding of HIF-1α to HREs in the lncRNA BCRT1 promoter.
Collectively, these results reveal a novel HIF-1α/lncRNA BCRT1/miR-1303/PTBP3 pathway for breast cancer progression and suggest that lncRNA BCRT1 might be a potential biomarker and therapeutic target for breast cancer.
Few data are available regarding the use of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) during pregnancy for the prevention of mother-to-child transmission of hepatitis B virus (HBV).
In this trial, we ...included 200 mothers who were positive for hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) and who had an HBV DNA level higher than 200,000 IU per milliliter. Participants were randomly assigned, in a 1:1 ratio, to receive usual care without antiviral therapy or to receive TDF (at an oral dose of 300 mg per day) from 30 to 32 weeks of gestation until postpartum week 4; the participants were followed until postpartum week 28. All the infants received immunoprophylaxis. The primary outcomes were the rates of mother-to-child transmission and birth defects. The secondary outcomes were the safety of TDF, the percentage of mothers with an HBV DNA level of less than 200,000 IU per milliliter at delivery, and loss or seroconversion of HBeAg or hepatitis B surface antigen at postpartum week 28.
At delivery, 68% of the mothers in the TDF group (66 of 97 women), as compared with 2% in the control group (2 of 100), had an HBV DNA level of less than 200,000 IU per milliliter (P<0.001). At postpartum week 28, the rate of mother-to-child transmission was significantly lower in the TDF group than in the control group, both in the intention-to-treat analysis (with transmission of virus to 5% of the infants 5 of 97 vs. 18% 18 of 100, P=0.007) and the per-protocol analysis (with transmission of virus to 0 vs. 7% 6 of 88, P=0.01). The maternal and infant safety profiles were similar in the TDF group and the control group, including birth-defect rates (2% 2 of 95 infants and 1% 1 of 88, respectively; P=1.00), although more mothers in the TDF group had an increase in the creatine kinase level. After the discontinuation of TDF, alanine aminotransferase elevations above the normal range occurred more frequently in mothers in the TDF group than in those in the control group (45% 44 of 97 women vs. 30% 30 of 100, P=0.03). The maternal HBV serologic outcomes did not differ significantly between the groups.
In a cohort of HBeAg-positive mothers with an HBV DNA level of more than 200,000 IU per milliliter during the third trimester, the rate of mother-to-child transmission was lower among those who received TDF therapy than among those who received usual care without antiviral therapy. (Funded by Gilead Sciences; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01488526.).
Lung metastasis is the major cause of breast cancer-related mortality. The neutrophil-associated inflammatory microenvironment aids tumor cells in metastatic colonization in lungs. Here, we show that ...tumor-secreted protease cathepsin C (CTSC) promotes breast-to-lung metastasis by regulating recruitment of neutrophils and formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). CTSC enzymatically activates neutrophil membrane-bound proteinase 3 (PR3) to facilitate interleukin-1β (IL-1β) processing and nuclear factor κB activation, thus upregulating IL-6 and CCL3 for neutrophil recruitment. In addition, the CTSC-PR3-IL-1β axis induces neutrophil reactive oxygen species production and formation of NETs, which degrade thrombospondin-1 and support metastatic growth of cancer cells in the lungs. CTSC expression and secretion are associated with NET formation and lung metastasis in human breast tumors. Importantly, targeting CTSC with compound AZD7986 effectively suppresses lung metastasis of breast cancer in a mouse model. Overall, our findings reveal a mechanism of how tumor cells regulate neutrophils in metastatic niches and support CTSC-targeting approaches for cancer treatment.
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•Tumor-secreted CTSC promotes breast-to-lung metastasis by regulating neutrophils•CTSC activates membrane-bound PR3 of neutrophils to upregulate IL-1β secretion•CTSC enhances neutrophil recruitment into metastatic niches and induces NETosis•Targeting CTSC with AZD7986 effectively inhibits lung metastasis in mice
Neutrophils play critical roles in cancer metastasis. Xiao et al. report the dual role of a tumor-secreted protease, CTSC, in recruiting neutrophils to metastatic niches and inducing neutrophils to form extracellular traps (NETs). These promote lung colonization of breast cancer and targeting CTSC inhibits lung metastasis in mice.
Single-pixel imaging (SPI) uses a single-pixel detector instead of a detector array with a lot of pixels in traditional imaging techniques to realize two-dimensional or even multi-dimensional ...imaging. For SPI using compressed sensing, the target to be imaged is illuminated by a series of patterns with spatial resolution, and then the reflected or transmitted intensity is compressively sampled by the single-pixel detector to reconstruct the target image while breaking the limitation of the Nyquist sampling theorem. Recently, in the area of signal processing using compressed sensing, many measurement matrices as well as reconstruction algorithms have been proposed. It is necessary to explore the application of these methods in SPI. Therefore, this paper reviews the concept of compressive sensing SPI and summarizes the main measurement matrices and reconstruction algorithms in compressive sensing. Further, the performance of their applications in SPI through simulations and experiments is explored in detail, and then their advantages and disadvantages are summarized. Finally, the prospect of compressive sensing with SPI is discussed.
Allelopathy has been demonstrated to be an environmentally friendly way to control harmful algal blooms. Allelochemicals of submerged plants have attracted extensive research due to their ...bioavailability. The dose-response of submerged plant extracts on algae growth is worth further study to improve the efficiency of bioremediation. In this study, the ultrasonic-enzymatic assistance method was utilized to extract allelochemicals from Ceratophyllum, Myriophyllum spicatum, and Vallisneria. The effects of low-dosage and high-dosage extracts on the growth of Microcystis aeruginosa were compared based on cell biomass and morphology, photosynthetic parameters, reactive oxygen species (ROS), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. The results showed that the three submerged plant extracts exhibited hormetic effects at low dosages and inhibitory effects at high dosages on algal growth. Within 48 h of cultivation, the enzymatic activities of Microcystis aeruginosa fluctuated, suggesting that the extracts of the three submerged plants induced different oxidative reactions. After 120 h of cultivation with high-dosage extracts, the physiological and biochemical reactions of Microcystis aeruginosa significantly decreased, indicating the effectiveness of the allelopathy of Ceratophyllum, Myriophyllum spicatum, and Vallisneria extracts in controlling algal blooms. The phenomenon of hormesis and inhibition effect confirmed a significant dose-response relationship between the allelochemicals of submerged plant extracts and Microcystis aeruginosa, which could be attributed to the composition and content of allelochemicals. These findings highlight the importance of the relative concentration of the biological algaecide and will benefit other researchers in determining the safe dosage of plant allelochemicals when used in water.
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