The Kondo effect is a prominent quantum phenomenon describing the many-body screening of a local magnetic impurity. Here, we reveal a new type of nonmagnetic Kondo behavior generated by gauge ...fluctuations in strongly correlated baths. We show that a nonmagnetic bond defect not only introduces the potential scattering but also locally enhances the gauge fluctuations. The local gauge fluctuations further mediate a pseudospin exchange interaction that produces an asymmetric Kondo fixed point in low energy. The gauge-fluctuation-induced Kondo phenomena do not exhibit the characteristic resistivity behavior of the conventional Kondo effect, but display a nonmonotonous temperature dependence of thermal conductivity as well as an anisotropic pseudospin correlation. Moreover, with its origin from gauge fluctuations, the Kondo features can be regarded as promising indicators for identifying quantum spin liquids. Our work advances fundamental knowledge of novel Kondo phenomena in strongly correlated systems, which have no counterparts in thermal baths within the single-particle description.
► Investigations on thermal energy storage with PCMs in building applications are reviewed. ► The technologies of PCMs, including selection criteria, measurement methods and heat transfer ...enhancement, are summarised. ► Impregnation methods of PCMs into construction materials and their applications are also discussed. ► Numerical studies on thermal performance of buildings with PCMs are evaluated.
Thermal energy storage with phase change materials (PCMs) offers a high thermal storage density with a moderate temperature variation, and has attracted growing attention due to its important role in achieving energy conservation in buildings with thermal comfort. Various methods have been investigated by previous researchers to incorporate PCMs into the building structures, and it has been found that with the help of PCMs the indoor temperature fluctuations can be reduced significantly whilst maintaining desirable thermal comfort. This paper summarises previous works on latent thermal energy storage in building applications, covering PCMs, the impregnation methods, current building applications and their thermal performance analyses, as well as numerical simulation of buildings with PCMs. Over 100 references are included in this paper.
Band topology of materials describes the extent Bloch wavefunctions are twisted in momentum space. Such descriptions rely on a set of topological invariants, generally referred to as topological ...charges, which form a characteristic class in the mathematical structure of fiber bundles associated with the Bloch wavefunctions. For example, the celebrated Chern number and its variants belong to the Chern class, characterizing topological charges for complex Bloch wavefunctions. Nevertheless, under the space-time inversion symmetry, Bloch wavefunctions can be purely real in the entire momentum space; consequently, their topological classification does not fall into the Chern class, but requires another characteristic class known as the Stiefel-Whitney class. Here, in a three-dimensional acoustic crystal, we demonstrate a topological nodal-line semimetal that is characterized by a doublet of topological charges, the first and second Stiefel-Whitney numbers, simultaneously. Such a doubly charged nodal line gives rise to a doubled bulk-boundary correspondence-while the first Stiefel-Whitney number induces ordinary drumhead states of the nodal line, the second Stiefel-Whitney number supports hinge Fermi arc states at odd inversion-related pairs of hinges. These results experimentally validate the two Stiefel-Whitney topological charges and demonstrate their unique bulk-boundary correspondence in a physical system.
Multicomponent rotational nanomotors consisting of Pt‐coated TiO2 nanoarms grown upon ≈2.01‐µm‐diameter silica microbeads designed by dynamic shadowing growth are presented. When exposed to H2O2, the ...structures rotate about an axis through the center of the microbead and perpendicular to the TiO2 nanoarm at a rate of 0.15 Hz per % H2O2 concentration. The rotational frequency increases parabolically when the surface tension of the solution is altered by the addition of sodium dodecyl sulphate; both relationships are explainable by a nanobubble‐ejection model.
The analysis of rotational multicomponent catalytic nanomotors consisting of 2.01‐µm‐diameter silica microbeads with Pt‐coated TiO2 arms fabricated by dynamic shadowing growth is presented. The nanomotors rotate about the center of the microbead at a constant rate in hydrogen peroxide, explainable by the balance of the drive and drag force as shown in the figure.
Summary
Abaloparatide (ABL) is a US Food and Drug Administration-approved parathyroid hormone-related peptide analog for treatment of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women at high risk of fracture. ...However, real-world data regarding its long-term safety and tolerability in large sample population are incomplete. We evaluated abaloparatide-associated safety signals by data mining of the FDA pharmacovigilance database.
Introduction
We investigated 33,480(0.14%) ABL-related adverse events (AEs) through data mining of Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) retrospectively.
Methods
Reporting odds ratio (ROR), the proportional reporting ratio (PRR), the Bayesian confidence propagation neural network (BCPNN), and the multi-item gamma Poisson shrinker (MGPS) were employed to quantify the signals of ABL-related AEs from 2017Quarter2 to 2022.Serious and non-serious cases were compared by Mann-Whitney
U
test or Chi-squared (
χ
2
) test.
Results
We collected 8,470,497 reports from the FAERS database, including 11,487 reports defined ABL as the primary suspected (PS) drug. Additionally, 36.16% of the reports were submitted by healthcare professionals (
n
=4154), compared to 62.26% reported by consumers (
n
=7140). A total 99 signals simultaneously conforming to four algorithms were detected, among which, 35 signals were identified as unexpected signals. Such as growing pains (
n
=13), waist circumference increased (
n
=21), sensory disturbance (
n
=103), tinnitus (
n
=65), visual acuity reduced (
n
=54), blood alkaline phosphatase increased (
n
=61), and hair growth abnormal (
n
=13). Patient age (
p
< 0.001) might be associated with an increased risk of AEs severity. The most common timeframe for AE occurrence was 0–7 days.
Conclusion
Our study provided a deeper and broader understanding of abaloparatide’s safety profiles, which would help healthcare professionals to mitigate the risk of AEs in clinical practice, a low number of unexpected AEs supporting ongoing additional pharmacovigilance.
In this Letter, a dual-wideband microstrip antenna for long-term evolution (LTE) applications is proposed. The antenna is fed by a single port, and designed to operate at 800–960 MHz and 1700–2700 ...MHz simultaneously. The antenna has a return loss of less than −14 dB for both frequency bands, and gain of 3–4 dBi at the lower band and 6–8 dBi at the higher band. The proposed antenna may find its applications in second generation (2G), 3G, 4G LTE and WiFi systems.
Using basic principles of diffusion and reaction, a one-dimensional mass transport model inside a catalytic microjet has been proposed. The effect of microjet geometry on mass transport has been ...investigated, and its effect on bubble growth and microjet motion has been predicted. Oxygen generation and its flux to one end of the microjet induce nucleation and growth of bubbles. The bubble growth and ejection/burst cause the microjet to move forward. Numerical investigations of the motion-related parameters, such as O2 flux, bubble generation rate and frequency, and average speed of the microjet motors during bubble growth, are found to depend closely on the length and opening radius of the microjet and concentration of H2O2 in the surrounding environment. The predicted results are compared to experimental data obtained from graphene oxide-based microjets, and they show good qualitative agreement. These results demonstrate that this simple model could be used to optimize catalytic microjet design.
A Brillouin zone is the unit for the momentum space of a crystal. It is topologically a torus, and distinguishing whether a set of wave functions over the Brillouin torus can be smoothly deformed to ...another leads to the classification of various topological states of matter. Here, we show that under Formula: see text gauge fields, i.e., hopping amplitudes with phases ±1, the fundamental domain of momentum space can assume the topology of a Klein bottle. This drastic change of the Brillouin zone theory is due to the projective symmetry algebra enforced by the gauge field. Remarkably, the non-orientability of the Brillouin Klein bottle corresponds to the topological classification by a Formula: see text invariant, in contrast to the Chern number valued in Formula: see text for the usual Brillouin torus. The result is a novel Klein bottle insulator featuring topological modes at two edges related by a nonlocal twist, radically distinct from all previous topological insulators. Our prediction can be readily achieved in various artificial crystals, and the discovery opens a new direction to explore topological physics by gauge-field-modified fundamental structures of physics.
The metabolic properties of cancer cells diverge significantly from those of normal cells. Energy production in cancer cells is abnormally dependent on aerobic glycolysis. In addition to the ...dependency on glycolysis, cancer cells have other atypical metabolic characteristics such as increased fatty acid synthesis and increased rates of glutamine metabolism. Emerging evidence shows that many features characteristic to cancer cells, such as dysregulated Warburg-like glucose metabolism, fatty acid synthesis and glutaminolysis are linked to therapeutic resistance in cancer treatment. Therefore, targeting cellular metabolism may improve the response to cancer therapeutics and the combination of chemotherapeutic drugs with cellular metabolism inhibitors may represent a promising strategy to overcome drug resistance in cancer therapy. Recently, several review articles have summarized the anticancer targets in the metabolic pathways and metabolic inhibitor-induced cell death pathways, however, the dysregulated metabolism in therapeutic resistance, which is a highly clinical relevant area in cancer metabolism research, has not been specifically addressed. From this unique angle, this review article will discuss the relationship between dysregulated cellular metabolism and cancer drug resistance and how targeting of metabolic enzymes, such as glucose transporters, hexokinase, pyruvate kinase M2, lactate dehydrogenase A, pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase, fatty acid synthase and glutaminase can enhance the efficacy of common therapeutic agents or overcome resistance to chemotherapy or radiotherapy.
PDF
