Introduction Understanding the relationship between parenting style and the non-cognitive development of high school students is crucial, particularly in rural China. Non-cognitive abilities, ...including traits such as emotional regulation, resilience, and interpersonal skills, play a significant role in students’ overall development and future success. This study aims to investigate how different parenting styles impact non-cognitive abilities among high school students in rural China. Methods This study surveyed 6,549 high school students and their primary caregivers in rural China. The students had an average age of 17.61 years, with 48% being male, and 62% of Han ethnicity. Primary caregivers self-reported their parenting styles, while the students’ non-cognitive abilities were assessed using the Big Five Inventory-Short (BFI-S). The relationship between parenting style and non-cognitive development was analyzed using two distinct methods: two dimensions (authoritative and authoritarian) and four categories of parenting styles. Results The study revealed that an authoritative parenting style had a positive impact on the non-cognitive abilities of students. Conversely, a negative association was observed between the authoritarian parenting style and the students’ non-cognitive development. This association was more pronounced in the non-cognitive developmental scores of girls compared to boys. Additionally, parents from wealthier families or those with higher levels of education were more likely to adopt an authoritative parenting style rather than an authoritarian one. Discussion The results of this study highlight the significant influence of parenting styles on the non-cognitive development of high school students in rural China. Authoritative parenting, characterized by warmth and structure, appears to foster better non-cognitive outcomes, while authoritarian parenting, marked by strictness and less warmth, is associated with poorer non-cognitive development. The gender differences observed suggest that girls may be more sensitive to variations in parenting style. Furthermore, the socioeconomic and educational background of parents plays a crucial role in determining the parenting style adopted. These findings underscore the importance of developing and implementing parenting training interventions in rural China, aimed at promoting authoritative parenting practices to enhance the non-cognitive development of students.
Public environmental satisfaction is related to the healthy living standard of human beings and sustainable development of an economic society. In the context of the continuous updating of Internet ...technologies, it is necessary to study the correlation between Internet use and public environmental satisfaction, but few studies have focused on the effect of the orientation of Internet use on public environmental satisfaction, and its mediating mechanisms. This study considered survey data from the China Social Survey 2019 which were conducted in a sample of 5,112 residents, SPSS 16.0 and ordinary least squares regression model was used to analyze the relationship between orientation of Internet use, government trust and public environmental satisfaction. The results showed politically-oriented Internet use was positively correlated with public environmental satisfaction, and entertainment-oriented Internet use did not correlate with public environmental satisfaction. Furthermore, government trust partially mediated the relation between politically-oriented Internet use and public environmental satisfaction. Several implication policies are suggested for improving public environmental satisfaction. This study takes into account individual initiative and government's control of information during Internet use, emphasizes the impact of different individual Internet use preferences on environmental satisfaction in the web environment with strong government control. By incorporating individual factors at the micro level and social factors at the macro level, this paper is in order to improve public environmental satisfaction.
The radiative forcing of black carbon aerosol (BC) is one of the largest sources of uncertainty in climate change assessments. Contrasting results of BC absorption enhancement (E abs) after aging are ...estimated by field measurements and modeling studies, causing ambiguous parametrizations of BC solar absorption in climate models. Here we quantify E abs using a theoretical model parametrized by the complex particle morphology of BC in different aging scales. We show that E abs continuously increases with aging and stabilizes with a maximum of ∼3.5, suggesting that previous seemingly contrast results of E abs can be explicitly described by BC aging with corresponding particle morphology. We also report that current climate models using Mie Core–Shell model may overestimate E abs at a certain aging stage with a rapid rise of E abs, which is commonly observed in the ambient. A correction coefficient for this overestimation is suggested to improve model predictions of BC climate impact.
Plasma electrolytic polishing (PeP) is an innovative technology used to obtain metal surfaces with low roughness and a high gloss. Its advantages, which include high efficiency, no structural ...selectivity, and low pollution, have recently attracted much attention. PeP is widely used in aerospace, biomedical, precision instrumentation, and 3C electronics industries. This paper primarily aims to introduce basic principles of PeP technology from both the macro- and micro-mechanism viewpoints. Accordingly, the typical characteristics and phenomena of the polishing process are summarized. The primary control parameters which affect the surface quality and material removal rate are discussed in detail. These include treatment time, electrolyte, electrical source, and voltage. Furthermore, the electrolyte jet polishing methods applicable to parts with various geometries are also analyzed. Finally, the PeP surface treatment of selected difficult-to-finish materials is reviewed, followed by the authors’ insights into the prospects of PeP technology. This review can serve as a suitable and effective guide for researchers to understand the PeP technology systematically.
Abstract Objectives MicroRNAs(miRNAs) play important roles in tumor development and progression. The purposes of this study were to investigate the role of miR-31 in cervical cancer and clarified the ...regulation of ARID1A by miR-31. Methods Quantitative RT-PCR was used to examine miR-31 expression in cervical cancer cell lines and patient specimens. The clinicopathological significance of miR-31 upregulation was further analyzed. The MTT, colony formation, apoptosis, cell cycle, wound healing and Transwell invasion assays, and a xenograft model were performed. A luciferase reporter assay was conducted to confirm the target gene of miR-31, and the results were validated in cell lines and patient specimens. Results MiR-31 was significantly up-regulated in cervical cancer cell lines and clinical tissues. The high miR-31 level was significantly correlated with higher FIGO stage, node metastasis, vascular involvement and deep stromal invasion. Patients with high expression of miR-31 had poorer overall survival than patients with low expression. MiR-31 was an independent prognostic factor in cervical cancer in multivariate Cox regression analysis. Down-regulation of miR-31 impaired cell proliferation, colony formation, and cell migration and invasion in vitro, and inhibited xenograft tumor growth in vivo. ARID1A was verified as a direct target of miR-31, which was further confirmed by the inverse expression of miR-31and ARID1A in patient specimens. Conclusions The newly identified miR-31/ARID1A pathway provides insight into cervical cancer progression, and may represent a novel therapeutic target.
With the growing availability and popularity of online reviews, the sentiment analysis arises in response to the requirement of organizing useful information in speed. Feature selection directly ...affects the representation of online reviews and brings a lot of challenges to the domain of sentiment analysis. However, little attention has been paid to feature selection of Chinese online reviews so far. Therefore, we are motivated to explore the effects of feature selection on sentiment analysis of Chinese online reviews. Firstly, N-char-grams and N-POS-grams are selected as the potential sentimental features. Then, the improved Document Frequency method is used to select feature subsets, and the Boolean Weighting method is adopted to calculate feature weight. At last, experiments based on online reviews of mobile phone are conducted, and Chi-square test is carried out to test the significance of experimental results. The results suggest that sentiment analysis of Chinese online reviews obtains higher accuracy when taking 4-POS-grams as features. Besides that, low order N-char-grams can achieve a better performance than high order N-char-grams when taking N-char-grams as features. Furthermore, the improved document frequency achieves significant improvement in sentiment analysis of Chinese online reviews.
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•Exploration of a new sterilization method.•Reduced bacterial adhesion by synergistic structural and physical washing effects.•Fabrication of the surface structure by femtosecond ...laser.•LIPSS surface and ultrasonic washing greatly decreased S. aureus adhesion.
Staphylococcus aureus infection is common in the clinical environment. It has been shown that the presence of micro/nano structures on material surfaces promote bacterial adhesion resistance. Herein, we assessed the S. aureus adhesion properties on laser micro/nano structured stainless-steel (316 L) surfaces after mechanical rotation and ultrasonic washing. The interaction force between S. aureus and structured surfaces was evaluated. A high concentration S. aureus solution was used to evaluate the bacterial sterilization efficiency after film formation on the stainless-steel surface. After 24 h of incubation, S. aureus films were formed on material surfaces. The comparison of static washing, surface mechanical rotation, and ultrasonic washing showed a decrease of S. aureus adhesion on the polished and laser induced periodic surface structures. However, S. aureus adhesion on the micro/nanoparticle surface after mechanical rotation washing did not display any obvious change compared to the polished one. Additionally, specimens after ultrasonic cleaning showed clear antibacterial adhesion than mechanical rotation. After the ultrasonic sterilization process, the laser induced periodic laser surface sample showed optimal bacterial adhesion inhibition. Finally, in vitro tests showed that the biocompatibility of the laser-induced structured surface did not change significantly from the polished surface one.
Gastrointestinal surgery using a stapler is usually associated with tissue damage, anastomosis leakage, bleeding, and other complications, which is one of the effective methods for treating digestive ...tract cancer. The cutting properties of staples and the tissue damage occurring in the process of stapling porcine esophageal and gastric tissues have been evaluated and a new type of stapler has been designed. Since different structural and mechanical properties esophageal and gastric tissues layers, the puncturing force exhibits a fluctuating trend. Compressive stress caused by the bending of the staple legs can lead to the destruction of the vascular network inside the tissue, tissue deforms and tears. Finally, a staple with an internal incision arc (IIA) tip is designed, which meeting the performance requirements.
Atmospheric black carbon (BC) is the most important aerosol contributor to global warming. However, there is a lack of understanding about the climate impact of BC aerosols because of systematic ...discrepancies between model and observation estimates of light absorption enhancements (Eabs) in atmospheric processes after emissions, and such discrepancies are transferred directly into large uncertainties of aerosol radiative forcing assessments. In this study, we quantify Eabs of atmospheric BC aerosols with diverse particle morphology distributions using a multi-dimensional aerosol model. We show that current widely used Mie method may overestimate BC Eabs by ∼50% because variations in particle morphology are not considered. Although absorption calculation can be improved by including complex particle morphology and heterogeneity in composition, we find that neglect of the diverse particle morphology distributions in modeling may lead to 15% ∼ 30% relative deviations on Eabs estimations of BC aerosol ensembles. The results thus imply that particle morphology distribution should be included in models to accurately represent the radiative effects of BC aerosols.
Abstract Black carbon (BC) aerosol is one of the most important factor in global warming. BC radiative forcing remains unconstrained, mainly because of the uncertain parameterizations of its ...absorption and scattering properties in the atmosphere. The single sphere model is widely used in current climate assessment of BC aerosols due to its computational convenience, however, their complex morphologies in particle level are excessively simplified which leads to computed inaccuracy. In this study, we present a dynamic model for optical calculations of BC aerosol ensembles considering their complex fractal aggregate morphologies with the constraint of max monomer numbers ( N s, max ) and radius ( a max ). We show that the simulation accuracy of the dynamic model with suitable values of N s, max and a max may achieve ∼95% while the computation time may reduce to ∼6%. We find that optical properties of BC aerosol ensembles can be simulated for higher accuracy or faster calculation by performing different selections of monomer numbers and radius in their size distributions. This method enables extensive and accurate optical calculations of BC particles with complex morphologies, which would be useful for the remote sensing inversion and the assessment of climate.
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