This study aimed to analyze the association between Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Internet addiction (IA).
A systematic literature search was performed in four online databases ...in total including CENTRAL, EMBASE, PubMed and PsychINFO. Observational studies (case-control, cross-sectional and cohort studies) measuring the correlation between IA and ADHD were screened for eligibility. Two independent reviewers screened each article according to the predetermined inclusion criteria. A total of 15 studies (2 cohort studies and 13 cross-sectional studies) met our inclusion criteria and were included in the quantitative synthesis. Meta-analysis was conducted using RevMan 5.3 software.
A moderate association between IA and ADHD was found. Individuals with IA were associated with more severe symptoms of ADHD, including the combined total symptom score, inattention score and hyperactivity/impulsivity score. Males were associated with IA, whereas there was no significant correlation between age and IA.
IA was positively associated with ADHD among adolescents and young adults. Clinicians and parents should pay more attention to the symptoms of ADHD in individuals with IA, and the monitoring of Internet use of patients suffering from ADHD is also necessary. Longitudinal studies controlling for baseline mental health are needed.
Abstract
Developing robust nonprecious electrocatalysts towards hydrogen/oxygen evolution reactions is crucial for widespread use of electrochemical water splitting in hydrogen production. Here, we ...report that intermetallic Co
3
Mo spontaneously separated from hierarchical nanoporous copper skeleton shows genuine potential as highly efficient electrocatalysts for alkaline hydrogen/oxygen evolution reactions in virtue of in-situ hydroxylation and electro-oxidation, respectively. The hydroxylated intermetallic Co
3
Mo has an optimal hydrogen-binding energy to facilitate adsorption/desorption of hydrogen intermediates for hydrogen molecules. Associated with high electron/ion transport of bicontinuous nanoporous skeleton, nanoporous copper supported Co
3
Mo electrodes exhibit impressive hydrogen evolution reaction catalysis, with negligible onset overpotential and low Tafel slope (~40 mV dec
−1
) in 1 M KOH, realizing current density of −400 mA cm
−2
at overpotential of as low as 96 mV. When coupled to its electro-oxidized derivative that mediates efficiently oxygen evolution reaction, their alkaline electrolyzer operates with a superior overall water-splitting output, outperforming the one assembled with noble-metal-based catalysts.
Este trabalho objetiva discutir a possibilidade de aplicar o Modelo de Avaliação da Qualidade da Tradução de Juliane House na tradução literária. Para tanto, a partir de uma apresentação sobre tal ...paradigma, mostraremos seus argumentos teóricos, parâmetros estabelecidos e procedimentos de aplicação. Em seguida, adotaremos os critérios propostos por House, campo, teor, modo e gênero, e os empregaremos em um ensaio anônimo do autor chinês, Shi Tiesheng. Feito isso, analisaremos, com exemplos levantados, os vantagens e desvantagens que o modelo de House pode trazer para a prática de tradução.
This paper aims to discuss the possibility of applying the Translation Quality Assessment Model of Juliane House in literary translation. Therefore, starting from a presentation of this paradigm, we will show its theoretical arguments, defined parameters and application procedures. Then, we will adopt House's criteria, field, tenor, mode, and genre, and employ them in an anonymous essay of the Chinese writer, Shi Tiesheng. After this, we will analyze, based on specific examples, the advantages and disadvantages that House's model can bring to the practice of translation.
Hydrogen is widely considered to be a sustainable and clean energy alternative to the use of fossil fuels in the future. Its high hydrogen content, nontoxicity, and liquid state at room temperature ...make formic acid a promising hydrogen carrier. Designing highly efficient and low‐cost heterogeneous catalysts is a major challenge for realizing the practical application of formic acid in the fuel‐cell‐based hydrogen economy. Herein, a simple but effective and rapid strategy is proposed, which demonstrates the synthesis of NiPd bimetallic ultrafine particles (UPs) supported on NH2‐functionalized and N‐doped reduced graphene oxide (NH2‐N‐rGO) at room temperature. The introduction of the NH2N group to rGO is the key reason for the formation of the ultrafine and well‐dispersed Ni0.4Pd0.6 UPs (1.8 nm) with relatively large surface area and more active sites. Surprisingly, the as‐prepared low‐cost NiPd/NH2‐N‐rGO dsiplays excellent hydrophilicity, 100% H2 selectivity, 100% conversion, and remarkable catalytic activity (up to 954.3 mol H2 (mol catalyst)−1 h−1) for FA decomposition at room temperature even with no additive, which is much higher than that of the best catalysts so far reported.
Ultrafine NiPd nanoparticles supported on a NH2‐functionalized and N‐doped reduced graphene oxide (NH2‐N‐rGO) substrate are successfully prepared through a facile one‐step strategy. The as‐prepared NiPd/NH2‐N‐rGO catalyst shows prominent catalytic performance (turnover frequency value up to 954.3 h−1), 100% H2 selectivity, and 100% conversion for formic acid dehydrogenation at 298 K without any additive.
An imidazolium‐type room‐temperature ionic liquid containing silsesquioxane frameworks is successfully prepared. The polar ionic liquid products are grafted onto the surface of prepared aromatic ...polyamide (PA) membranes to improve water flux of PA membranes. Membranes grafted with an ionic liquid exhibit a water flux of 1.89 L m−2 h−1 bar−1), 48% higher than that of pure PA membranes while the salt rejection still remains at 96%. This improvement can be attributed to the enhanced hydrophilicity of the membrane surface, as evidenced by the reduced water contact angle.
Imidazolium‐type ionic liquids containing silsesquioxane frameworks are prepared and grafted onto the surface of polyamide membranes to enhance the water flux of polyamide membranes. The results show that the water flux of membranes grafted with ionic liquid is increased by 48% compared with pure polyamide membranes while salt rejection is still high at 96%.
Quercetin, one of the most abundant dietary flavonoids, is reported to have protective function against various hepatotoxicant-induced hepatotoxicity. The present study aims to investigate the ...critical role of the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) antioxidative signaling pathway in the protection of quercetin against hepatotoxicity. Quercetin prevented the cytotoxicity induced by a variety of hepatotoxicants including clivorine (Cliv), acetaminophen (APAP), ethanol, carbon tetrachloride (CCl4), and toosendanin (TSN) in human normal liver L-02 cells. Quercetin induced the nuclear translocation of Nrf2, along with the increased expression of the antioxidant responsive element (ARE)-dependent genes like catalytic or modify subunit of glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCLC/GCLM), and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). In addition, the HO-1 inhibitor zinc protoporphyrin (ZnPP) and the GCL inhibitor L-buthionine-(S,R)-sulfoximine (BSO) both reduced the hepatoprotection induced by quercetin. Quercetin had no effect on kelch-like ECH-associated protein-1(Keap1) expression, but molecular docking results indicated the potential interaction of quercetin with the Nrf2-binding site in Keap1 protein. Quercetin increased the expression of p62, and p62 siRNA decreased quercetin-induced hepatoprotection. Quercetin induced the activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) in hepatocytes. JNK inhibitor SP600125 and JNK siRNA both reduced quercetin-induced hepatoprotection. SP600125 and JNK siRNA decreased the increased p62 expression induced by quercetin. In addition, SP600125 also decreased the increased mRNA and protein expression of GCLC, GCLM, and HO-1 induced by quercetin. Taken together, our present study demonstrates that quercetin prevents hepatotoxicity by inducing p62 expression, inhibiting the binding of Keap1 to Nrf2, and thus leading to the increased expression of antioxidative genes dependent on Nrf2. Meanwhile, our study indicates that JNK plays some regulation in this process.
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•Quercetin protects against hepatotoxicity.•Quercetin activates the NRF2–ARE antioxidative signaling pathway.•Quercetin interacts with the binding site of Nrf2 in Keap1 protein.•P62 plays an important role in regulating the protection of quercetin against hepatotoxicity.•JNK plays an important role in regulating the protection of quercetin against hepatotoxicity.
In the electronics industry, the efficient recovery and capture of sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) from SF6/N2 mixtures is of great importance. Herein, three metal–organic frameworks with fine‐tuning pore ...structures, Cu(peba)2, Ni(pba)2, and Ni(ina)2, were designed for SF6 capture. Among them, Ni(ina)2 has perfect pore sizes (6 Å) that are comparable to the kinetic diameter of sulfur hexafluoride (5.2 Å), affording the benchmark binding affinity for SF6 gas. Ni(ina)2 exhibits the highest SF6/N2 selectivity (375.1 at 298 K and 1 bar) and ultra‐high SF6 uptake capacity (53.5 cm3 g−1 at 298 K and 0.1 bar) at ambient conditions. The remarkable separation performance of Ni(ina)2 was verified by dynamic breakthrough experiments. Theoretical calculations and the SF6‐loaded single‐crystal structure provided critical insight into the adsorption/separation mechanism. This porous coordination network has the potential to be used in industrial applications.
The metal–organic framework (MOF) Ni(ina)2 has pore sizes (6 Å) that are perfectly compatible with the kinetic diameter of sulfur hexafluoride (5.2 Å), affording the benchmark binding affinity for this potent greenhouse gas that is used in the electronics industry.
Less noble: The Co0.30Au0.35Pd0.35 nanoalloy supported on carbon is reported as a stable, low‐cost, and highly efficient catalyst for the CO‐free hydrogen generation from formic acid dehydrogenation ...at room temperature (see picture). The method may strongly encourage the practical application of formic acid as a hydrogen storage material for fuel cells.
Non‐linear viscoelastic characteristics of carbon black (CB)‐filled fluoroether rubber mixture samples are investigated by large amplitude oscillatory shear (LAOS) tests. Three analysis approaches ...based on LAOS tests are then used to discuss correlations between rheological behavior and CB‐filling amount. Each non‐linear viscoelastic parameter of the mixture presents a three‐stage characteristic with increasing CB content, which are attributed to the alteration of CB–elastomer network structure, corresponding to the state where gum continuous phase, CB–elastomer mesophase, and excessive CB agglomerates predominate in the mixture compound, respectively. According to the findings in engineering experiments, a CB content of 35–40 phr is recommended, taking into account tensile, hardness, and aging properties. Excessive CB agglomerates are found to reinforce CB–elastomer networks at elevated temperatures. For cold‐resistance properties, structural changes in CB–elastomer network are proven to exert little effect on Tg, but a higher CB content was found to slightly enhance the cold‐resistance coefficient, probably due to the decrease in velocity fraction of gum rubber.
Highlights
LAOS tests were utilized to study the influences of CB on fluoroelastomer;
Three‐stage alteration was observed in the mixture with increasing CB content;
Correlation between CB content and the engineering properties was discussed.
A three‐stage pattern in non‐linear viscoelastic behavior was observed in LAOS tests for fluoroether rubber mixture with increasing CB content, corresponding to the state where continuous phase of gum, CB–elastomer mesophase, and excessive CB agglomerates predominate in the mixture compound, respectively.
Electrochemical Azidocyanation of Alkenes Zheng, Yun‐Tao; Xu, Hai‐Chao
Angewandte Chemie International Edition,
February 5, 2024, Volume:
63, Issue:
6
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
The difunctionalization of alkenes—a process that installs two functional groups in a single operation and transforms chemical feedstocks into value‐added products—is one of the most appealing ...synthetic methods in contemporary chemistry. However, the introduction of two distinct functional groups via two readily accessible nucleophiles remains a formidable challenge. Existing intermolecular alkene azidocyanation methods, which primarily focus on aryl alkenes and rely on stoichiometric chemical oxidants. We report herein an unprecedented electrochemical strategy for alkene azidocyanation that is compatible with both alkyl and aryl alkenes. This is achieved by harnessing the finely‐tuned anodic electron transfer and the strategic selection of copper/ligand complexes. The reactions of aryl alkenes were rendered enantioselective by employing a chiral ligand. Crucially, the mild conditions and well‐regulated electrochemical process assure exceptional tolerance for various functional groups and substrate compatibility with both terminal and internal alkyl alkenes.
An electrochemical alkene azidocyanation reaction that is compatible with both alkyl and aryl alkenes was developed. The reactions involving aryl alkenes could be obtained with good enantioselectivities by employing a chiral ligand. Notably, this method of alkene difunctionalization employs readily accessible reagents and is distinguished by its demonstrated functional group tolerance.
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