Mitochondrial dysfunction has been implicated in the development of heart failure. Oxidative metabolism in mitochondria is the main energy source of the heart, and the inability to generate and ...transfer energy has long been considered the primary mechanism linking mitochondrial dysfunction and contractile failure. However, the role of mitochondria in heart failure is now increasingly recognized to be beyond that of a failed power plant. In this Review, we summarize recent evidence demonstrating vicious cycles of pathophysiological mechanisms during the pathological remodeling of the heart that drive mitochondrial contributions from being compensatory to being a suicide mission. These mechanisms include bottlenecks of metabolic flux, redox imbalance, protein modification, ROS-induced ROS generation, impaired mitochondrial Ca2+ homeostasis, and inflammation. The interpretation of these findings will lead us to novel avenues for disease mechanisms and therapy.
Molecular room‐temperature phosphorescent (RTP) materials with long‐lived excited states have attracted widespread attention in the fields of optical imaging, displays, and sensors. However, ...accessing ultralong RTP systems remains challenging and examples are still limited to date. Herein, a thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF)‐assisted energy transfer route for the enhancement of persistent luminescence with an RTP lifetime as high as 2 s, which is higher than that of most state‐of‐the‐art RTP materials, is proposed. The energy transfer donor and acceptor species are based on the TADF and RTP molecules, which can be self‐assembled into two‐component ionic salts via hydrogen‐bonding interactions. Both theoretical and experimental studies illustrate the occurrence of effective Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) between donor and acceptor molecules with an energy transfer efficiency as high as 76%. Moreover, the potential for application of the donor–acceptor cocrystallized materials toward information security and personal identification systems is demonstrated, benefitting from their varied afterglow lifetimes and easy recognition in the darkness. Therefore, the work described in this study not only provides a TADF‐assisted FRET strategy toward the construction of ultralong RTP, but also yields hydrogen‐bonding‐assembled two‐component molecular crystals for potential encryption and anti‐counterfeiting applications.
Two‐component co‐crystallized materials formed by melamine and isophthalic acid through hydrogen‐bonding exhibit ultralong room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) with a lifetime of 2 seconds, which has been further designed for encryption and finger identification. Effective energy transfer occurs between melamine (thermally activated delayed fluorescence molecule) and isophtalic acid, like carriers in traps triggered by thermal excitation in inorganic persistent phosphors.
Molecular solid‐state materials with long‐lived luminescence (such as thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) and room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) systems) are promising for display, ...sensoring, and bio‐imaging applications. However, the design of such materials that exhibit both long luminescent lifetime and high solid‐state emissive efficiency remains an open challenge. Two‐dimensional (2D) organic–metal halide perovskite materials have a high blue‐emitting quantum yield of up to 63.55 % and ultralong TADF lifetime of 103.12 ms at ambient temperature and atmosphere. Our design leverages the combined influences of a 2D space/electronic confinement effect and a modest heavy‐atom tuning strategy. Photophysical studies and calculations reveal that the enhanced quantum yield is due to the rigid laminate structure of perovskites, which can effectively inhibit the non‐radiative decay of excitons.
All aglow: Organic–metal halide perovskite materials present a high blue photoluminesence quantum yield of up to 63.55 %, an ultralong TADF lifetime of 103.12 ms, and optical waveguide properties. These endow the 2D perovskite micro/nanosheets with both space and time dual‐resolved visible luminescence.
Sepsis is a systemic inflammatory response syndrome caused by infection, resulting in organ dysfunction. Sepsis‐induced acute kidney injury (AKI) is one of the most common potential complications. ...Increasing reports have shown that M1 and M2 macrophages both take part in the progress of AKI by influencing the level of inflammatory factors and the cell death, including pyroptosis. However, whether M1 and M2 macrophages regulate AKI by secreting exosome remains unknown. In the present study, we isolated the exosomes from M1 and M2 macrophages and used Western blot and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to investigate the effect of M1 and M2 exosomes on cell pyroptosis. miRNA sequencing was used to identify the different miRNA in M1 and M2 exosomes. Luciferase reporter assay was used to verify the target gene of miRNA. We confirmed that exosomes excreted by macrophages regulated cell pyroptosis in vitro by using Western blot and ELISA. miRNA sequencing revealed the differentially expressed level of miRNAs in M1 and M2 exosomes, among which miR‐93‐5p was involved in the regulation of pyroptosis. By using bioinformatics predictions and luciferase reporter assay, we found that thioredoxin–interacting protein (TXNIP) was a direct target of miR‐93‐5p. Further in vitro and in vivo experiments indicated that exosomal miR‐93‐5p regulated the TXNIP directly to influence the pyroptosis in renal epithelial cells, which explained the functional difference between different phenotypes of macrophages. This study might provide new targets for the treatment of sepsis‐induced AKI.
Studies of the identity and physiological function of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have been hampered by a lack of markers that permit both prospective identification and fate mapping in vivo. We ...found that Leptin Receptor (LepR) is a marker that highly enriches bone marrow MSCs. Approximately 0.3% of bone marrow cells were LepR+, 10% of which were CFU-Fs, accounting for 94% of bone marrow CFU-Fs. LepR+ cells formed bone, cartilage, and adipocytes in culture and upon transplantation in vivo. LepR+ cells were Scf-GFP+, Cxcl12-DsRedhigh, and Nestin-GFPlow, markers which also highly enriched CFU-Fs, but negative for Nestin-CreER and NG2-CreER, markers which were unlikely to be found in CFU-Fs. Fate-mapping showed that LepR+ cells arose postnatally and gave rise to most bone and adipocytes formed in adult bone marrow, including bone regenerated after irradiation or fracture. LepR+ cells were quiescent, but they proliferated after injury. Therefore, LepR+ cells are the major source of bone and adipocytes in adult bone marrow.
Display omitted
•LepR+ cells account for 0.3% of cells and 94% of CFU-Fs in adult bone marrow•LepR+ cells form osteoblasts, chondrocytes, and adipocytes in culture and in vivo•LepR+ cells give rise to most of the bone and adipocytes formed in adult marrow•LepR+ cells are normally quiescent but proliferate after injury to regenerate bone
Zhou et al. reveal that cells positive for Leptin receptor (LepR) are the main source of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), bone-forming progenitors, and adipocytes in adult mouse bone marrow.
Molecular afterglow materials with ultralong‐lived excited states have attracted considerable interest owing to their promise for light‐emitting devices, optical imaging, and anti‐counterfeiting ...applications. However, the realization of ultralong afterglow emission in low‐dimensional micro/nanostructures has remained an open challenge, limiting progress toward new‐generation photonic applications. In this work, new types of mono/binuclear metal–organic halide micro/nanocrystals with tunable afterglow properties, made possibly by the rational control over both ultralong‐lived room‐temperature phosphorescence and thermally activated delayed fluorescence, are developed. Interestingly, the mono/binuclear coordination complexes present excitation‐dependent luminescence across a wide range (wavelength > 150 nm) with broad emission color differences from blue to yellow owing to the multiple long‐lived excited states. The 1D binuclear metal–organic microrods further exhibit excitation‐dependent optical waveguide and space/time dual‐resolved afterglow emission properties, endowing them with great potential in wavelength‐division multiplexing information photonics and logic gates. Therefore, this work not only communicates the first example of wide‐range tunable ultralong afterglow of low‐dimensional metal–organic micro/nanocrystals under ambient conditions but also provides a new route to achieve optical communications and photonic logic compilation at the micro/nanoscale.
New metal–organic halide micro/nanocrystals with tunable afterglow luminescence, which exhibit excitation‐dependent optical waveguide properties across a wide color range, as well as space/time dual‐resolved afterglow, are developed. They have great potential in wavelength‐division multiplexing information photonics and optical logic gates.
Display omitted
•Jilin-Heilongjiang HP belt records the onset of Paleo-Pacific plate subduction at 210–180Ma.•Early Permian arc type igneous rocks were related to the Mongol-Okhotsk oceanic ...subduction.•Nadanhada Terrane formed between the 210Ma and 137Ma with the final accretion at 137–130Ma.
The Mesozoic accretionary complex in Northeast China, which mainly consists of the Jilin-Heilongjiang high-pressure (HP) metamorphic belt and the Nadanhada accretionary complex, are the key area to understand the Paleo-Pacific subduction-accretion. The Jilin-Heilongjiang HP belt is a HP metamorphic zone between the Jiamusi and Songliao blocks and consists of the Heilongjiang blueschist belt and the Zhangguangcai Complex. Previously published and our new geochronological data indicate that the collision between the Jiamusi and Songliao blocks along the Jilin-Heilongjiang HP belt occurred between 210 and 180Ma, suggesting that the Jilin-Heilongjiang HP belt is an important unit for characterizing the geodynamic switch from the north-south closure of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt to the onset of westward accretion related to subduction of Paleo-Pacific plate in the Latest Triassic to Early Jurassic. Early Permian igneous rocks with arc affinity in the eastern margin of the Jiamusi Block are more likely related to the Mongol-Okhotsk subduction rather than the Paleo-Pacific subduction or the collision between the Jiamusi and Khanka blocks as previously considered. The Nadanhada accretionary complex lies to the east of the Jiamusi Block, and is composed of the Yuejinshan and Raohe complexes. Compilation of published geochronological data indicate that the Yuejinshan Complex was probably formed between 210Ma and 180Ma, similar to ages for the Jilin-Heilongjiang HP belt along the western margin of the Jiamusi-Khanka Block. The Raohe Complex was formed later in the Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous (170–137Ma), likely more related to the subduction-accretion of Paleo-Pacific plate. The final accretion in the target area took place in the Early Cretaceous (137–130Ma).
Realizing efficient and ultralong room‐temperature phosphorescence (RTP) is highly desirable but remains a challenge due to the inherent competition between excited state lifetime and ...photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY). Herein, we report the bottom‐up self‐assembly of transparent metal–organic framework (MOF) bulk glasses exhibiting direct ultralong all‐phosphorescence (lifetime: 630.15 ms) with a PLQY of up to 75 % at ambient conditions. These macroscopic MOF glasses have high Young's modulus and hardness, which provide a rigid environment to reduce non‐radiative transitions and boost triplet excitons. Spectral technologies and theoretical calculations demonstrate the photoluminescence of MOF glasses is directly derived from the different triplet excited states, indicating the great capability for color‐tunable afterglow emission. We further developed information storage and light‐emitting devices based on the efficient and pure RTP of the fabricated MOF photonic glasses.
A new class of transparent MOF glasses are made by a bottom‐up self‐assembly strategy. They exhibit a rare direct ultralong room‐temperature phosphorescence (RTP) output with high photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of up to 75 %. Exploiting the highly efficient ultralong RTP of these MOF glasses, further photonic applications, such as all‐photonic information storage and light‐emitting devices, were developed.
Emission trading is a market-driven method to more quickly reduce carbon intensity, and has been widely used in countries with significant carbon emissions. In 2013, the Chinese government ...established pilot carbon emission trading programs in seven provinces. However, there is incomplete research on the effect and influencing channels of emission trading on carbon intensity reduction. To explore these problems, this study conducted an empirical analysis, using a decomposition and difference-in-differences approach. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) Overall, China's emission trading pilots have driven a significant decline in the carbon intensity, resulting in an average annual decline of approximately 0.026 tons/10,000 yuan in the pilot provinces. (2) In the sample period, emission trading pilots had a sustained and stable effect on carbon intensity with no time lag. (3) Emission trading pilots reduce the carbon intensity by adjusting the industrial structure. In contrast, energy structure and energy intensity channels have not yet been realized.
Display omitted
•Effect and influencing channels of China's emission trading pilots on carbon intensity are studied.•Emission trading drives the reduction of carbon intensity in pilot provinces with no time lag.•Emission trading pilots reduce the carbon intensity by adjusting the industrial structure.
Protein-protein interactions (PPIs) are critical for many biological processes. It is therefore important to develop accurate high-throughput methods for identifying PPI to better understand protein ...function, disease occurrence, and therapy design. Though various computational methods for predicting PPI have been developed, their robustness for prediction with external datasets is unknown. Deep-learning algorithms have achieved successful results in diverse areas, but their effectiveness for PPI prediction has not been tested.
We used a stacked autoencoder, a type of deep-learning algorithm, to study the sequence-based PPI prediction. The best model achieved an average accuracy of 97.19% with 10-fold cross-validation. The prediction accuracies for various external datasets ranged from 87.99% to 99.21%, which are superior to those achieved with previous methods.
To our knowledge, this research is the first to apply a deep-learning algorithm to sequence-based PPI prediction, and the results demonstrate its potential in this field.
PDF
