Background
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the performance of plasma glucose (PG) and HbA1c for the detection of diabetes in the general population in China.
Methods
A cross‐sectional ...analysis was conducted in a nationally representative sample of 98 658 Chinese adults aged ≥18 years. Fasting plasma glucose and HbA1c levels were measured in all participants after at least a 10‐h overnight fast. An oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was conducted among participants without a self‐reported history of diagnosed diabetes.
Results
An HbA1c ≥6.5% could identify 4.57% of Chinese adults as having newly detected diabetes, followed by fasting PG (FPG) and 2‐h PG at 4.52% and 3.50%, respectively. Approximately 1.95% of the total population was detected by HbA1c but not by FPG or 2‐h PG. However, FPG plus HbA1c could identify most (85.2%) diabetic individuals identified by any of the three tests (i.e. FPG, 2‐h PG, and HbA1c). Levels of most cardiovascular risk factors, such as body mass index, waist circumference, and cholesterol, were higher in diabetes detected by HbA1c alone than in diabetes identified by the OGTT.
Conclusions
Although HbA1c ≥6.5% has been recommended by the American Diabetes Association as one of the diagnostic tests for diabetes, caution should be used to avoid potential overdiagnosis when interpreting diabetes identified by elevated HbA1c alone.
摘要
背景
本研究的目的是探讨在中国成人中利用血糖和糖化血红蛋白(HA1c)诊断糖尿病的价值。
方法
研究为一项横断面分析,入选了具有全国代表性的中国18岁及以上成人共98658人。所有调查对象空腹过夜10小时以上,进行空腹血糖和HA1c水平测定。无自报糖尿病病史的调查对象接受口服葡萄糖耐量试验(OGTT)。
结果
以HA1c ≥ 6.5%作为诊断标准,中国成人的新诊断糖尿病患病率为4.57%,以空腹血糖和OGTT两小时血糖诊断的中国成人新诊断糖尿病患病率则分别为4.52%和3.50%。仅由HA1c而非空腹或OGTT两小时血糖诊断的中国成人新诊断糖尿病患病率为1.95%。然而,结合HA1c及空腹血糖可发现由空腹血糖、OGTT两小时血糖或HA1c其中任何一种血糖指标诊断所得糖尿病的85.2%。仅由HA1c单个指标诊断所得的糖尿病患者其多个心血管危险因素如体质指数、腰围和胆固醇水平均高于由OGTT诊断所得的糖尿病患者。
结论
虽然美国糖尿病协会推荐将HA1c ≥ 6.5%作为诊断糖尿病的标准之一,但是对于仅由HA1c单个指标诊断的糖尿病仍需谨慎对待,以避免可能存在的过度诊断。
Biofilm performance at various bed expansion ratios was investigated in an aerobic biofilm fluidized bed. As the bed expansion was increased from 20 to 35%, bioparticle collision resulted in the ...decrease of biofilm thickness. However, shear stress became the dominant factor that resulted in the gradual decrease of biofilm thickness at high expansion ratios ranging from 65% to 90%. In general, biofilm thickness at the current study varied only slightly, remaining at a low level of 25±±5μm within the range of bed expansion from 20 to 90%, which is attributed to the characteristics of the spherical activated carbon particles. Moreover, there was no obvious change on the microbial count at low expansion ratios, with the bacteria count decreasing only gradually after the expansion ratio exceeded 65%. Although COD removal rate decreased slightly at high bed expansion ratio of 90%, up to 74% COD removal rate was still maintained at a short hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 45 min, which is attributed to a better nutrient mass transfer rate across the thin biofilm in the bioreactor. The axial biofilm thickness profile reflects a balance between the decreasing shear stress, and depleting nutrient concentration along the bed height along the height of the bed.
The formation of the high-T/sub c/ superconducting phases in the Tl-Ba-Ca-Cu-O system has been investigated. Stable superconductivity up to 119 K was observed. One of the superconducting phases ...displays an onset temperature of 122 K. The resistance of the TlBaCaCu/sub 2/O/sub y/ sample, which is almost single-phase, starts to drop sharply above 113 K and reaches zero at 108 K. The bulk samples with different compositions in the Tl-Ba-Ca-Cu-O system were synthesized. The electrical resistivity and AC magnetic susceptibility dependence on the temperature show that the zero-resistance transition temperature in most of the samples is above 96 K.< >
