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bstract
In this paper, we investigate the effect of supersymmetry on the symmetry classification of random matrix theory ensembles. We mainly consider the random matrix behaviors in the
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...supersymmetric generalization of Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev (SYK) model, a toy model for two-dimensional quantum black hole with supersymmetric constraint. Some analytical arguments and numerical results are given to show that the statistics of the supersymmetric SYK model could be interpreted as random matrix theory ensembles, with a different eight-fold classification from the original SYK model and some new features. The time-dependent evolution of the spectral form factor is also investigated, where predictions from random matrix theory are governing the late time behavior of the chaotic hamiltonian with supersymmetry.
The synthesis of new functionally diverse alkenyl‐derived Cr‐MIL‐101s (MIL=material of Institute Lavoisier) was realized by a novel and convenient postsynthetic modification (PSM) protocol by means ...of the carboncarbon bond‐forming Mizoroki–Heck reaction. The new PSM protocol demonstrates a broad scope of substrates with excellent tolerance of functionality under mild reaction conditions. Moreover, a new metal–organic framework (MOF) that bears both alkenyl and thiol side chains prepared by means of the tandem PSM method has shown excellent adsorbent ability in removing mercury ions from water.
Mercurial temperament: The synthesis of new functionally diverse alkenyl‐derived Cr‐MIL‐101s (MIL=material of Institute Lavoisier) was realized by a convenient postsynthetic modification protocol through the CC bond‐forming reaction (see figure). A MOF that bears both alkenyl and thiol side chains was prepared. It shows excellent adsorbent ability in removing Hg ions from water.
Through exploiting the image nonlocal self-similarity (NSS) prior by clustering similar patches to construct patch groups, recent studies have revealed that structural sparse representation (SSR) ...models can achieve promising performance in various image restoration tasks. However, most existing SSR methods only exploit the NSS prior from the input degraded (internal) image, and few methods utilize the NSS prior from external clean image corpus; how to jointly exploit the NSS priors of internal image and external clean image corpus is still an open problem. In this paper, we propose a novel approach for image restoration by simultaneously considering internal and external nonlocal self-similarity (SNSS) priors that offer mutually complementary information. Specifically, we first group nonlocal similar patches from images of a training corpus. Then a group-based Gaussian mixture model (GMM) learning algorithm is applied to learn an external NSS prior. We exploit the SSR model by integrating the NSS priors of both internal and external image data. An alternating minimization with an adaptive parameter adjusting strategy is developed to solve the proposed SNSS-based image restoration problems, which makes the entire algorithm more stable and practical. Experimental results on three image restoration applications, namely image denoising, deblocking and deblurring, demonstrate that the proposed SNSS produces superior results compared to many popular or state-of-the-art methods in both objective and perceptual quality measurements.
Soil viruses remain understudied when compared to virus found in aquatic ecosystems. Here, we investigate the ecological patterns of soil viral communities across various land use types encompassing ...forest, agricultural, and urban soil in Xiamen, China. We recovered 59,626 viral operational taxonomic units (vOTUs) via size-fractioned viromic approach with additional mitomycin C treatment to induce virus release from bacterial fraction. Our results show that viral communities are significantly different amongst the land use types considered. A microdiversity analysis indicates that selection act on soil vOTUs, resulting in disparities between land use associated viral communities. Soil pH is one of the major determinants of viral community structure, associated with changes of in-silico predicted host compositions of soil vOTUs. Habitat disturbance and variation of soil moisture potentially contribute to the dynamics of putative lysogenic vOTUs. These findings provide mechanistic understandings of the ecology and evolution of soil viral communities in changing environments.
Prenatal diagnosis of congenital heart disease (CHD) relies primarily on fetal echocardiography conducted at mid‐gestational age—the sensitivity of which varies among centers and practitioners. ...An objective method for early diagnosis is needed. Here, we conducted a case–control study recruiting 103 pregnant women with healthy offspring and 104 cases with CHD offspring, including VSD (42/104), ASD (20/104), and other CHD phenotypes. Plasma was collected during the first trimester and proteomic analysis was performed. Principal component analysis revealed considerable differences between the controls and the CHDs. Among the significantly altered proteins, 25 upregulated proteins in CHDs were enriched in amino acid metabolism, extracellular matrix receptor, and actin skeleton regulation, whereas 49 downregulated proteins were enriched in carbohydrate metabolism, cardiac muscle contraction, and cardiomyopathy. The machine learning model reached an area under the curve of 0.964 and was highly accurate in recognizing CHDs. This study provides a highly valuable proteomics resource to better recognize the cause of CHD and has developed a reliable objective method for the early recognition of CHD, facilitating early intervention and better prognosis.
Synopsis
Mass spectrometry‐based proteomics for plasma proteome profiling were performed on early gestational pregnant women with or without congenital heart disease (CHD) offspring. In‐depth analysis revealed a potential pathogenic mechanism and identified a set of biomarkers in early gestational plasma predicting fetal CHD.
A total of 104 early gestational pregnant women with CHD offspring and 103 controls with healthy offspring were included.
A total of 264 proteins were found significantly upregulated and 358 proteins downregulated in the plasma of early gestational pregnant women with CHD offspring.
Dyslipidemia and CD4+ might be involved in the occurrence of CHD.
Nine CHD‐related biomarkers had been identified.
Mass spectrometry‐based proteomics for plasma proteome profiling was performed on early gestational pregnant women with or without congenital heart disease (CHD) offspring. In‐depth analysis revealed a potential pathogenic mechanism and identified a set of biomarkers in early gestational plasma predicting fetal CHD.
Landfills are so far the most common practice for the disposals of municipal solid waste (MSW) worldwide. Since MSW landfill receives miscellaneous wastes, including unused/expired antibiotics and ...bioactive wastes, it gradually becomes a huge potential bioreactor for breeding antibiotic resistance. Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in landfill can flow to the environment through leakage of landfill leachate and pose a risk to public health. Using high throughput quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (HT-qPCR), we investigated the prevalence, diversity of ARGs and its association with various mobile genetic elements (MGEs) in MSW landfill groundwater. Totally 171 unique ARGs (belonging to 9 ARG types, encompassing 3 major resistance mechanisms) and 8 MGEs (6 transposase genes, and 2 integron-integrase genes) were identified. The normalized abundance of ARG was ranging from 0.24 to 5.66 copies/cell with multidrug, beta-lactams and tetracycline resistance genes being the most abundant ARG types. The co-occurrence pattern and significant correlation between MGEs and ARGs, indicated that MGEs may play an important role in the persistence and proliferation of ARGs. A Mantel test and Procrustes analysis suggested that ARG profiles were significantly correlated with bacterial community. Variation partitioning analysis (VPA) further demonstrated that bacterial community shifts contribute 65.8% of the total ARG variations. Additionally network analysis revealed that 15 bacterial taxa at family level might be the potential hosts of ARGs. These findings provide evidence that groundwater near MSW landfill is an underappreciated hotspot of antibiotic resistance and contribute to the spread of ARGs via the flowing contaminated groundwater.
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•MSW Landfill groundwater is an underappreciated hotspot of antibiotic resistance.•Bacterial community shift is the major driver shaping the antibiotic resistome.•Network analysis is an effective approach for exploring the potential hosts of ARG.
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•A clear geographical distribution pattern occurred in fungal cohorts inside homes.•Household bacterial cohorts at a local scale were mostly shaped by human occupancy.•Both bacterial ...cohorts and occupancy-related factors drive household ARG profiles.
We spend ever-increasing time indoors along with urbanization; however, the geographical distribution patterns of microbiome and antibiotic resistome, and their driving forces in household environment remains poorly characterized. Here, we surveyed the bacterial and fungal communities, and the resistome in settled dust gathered from 82 homes located across Beijing, China, employing Illumina sequencing and high-throughput quantitative PCR techniques. There was no clear geographical distribution pattern in dust-related bacterial communities although a slight but significant (P < 0.05) distance-decay relationship occurred in its community similarity; by contrast, a relatively distinct geographical clustering and a stronger distance-decay relationship were observed in fungal communities at the local scale. The cross-domain (bacteria versus fungi) relationships in the microbiome of the dust samples were mostly observed as robust co-occurrence correlations. The bacterial communities were dominated by Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria phyla, with human skin, soil and plants being potential major sources. The fungal communities largely comprised potential allergens (a median 61% of the fungal sequences), with Alternaria genus within Ascomycota phylum being the most predominant taxa. The profile of dust-related bacterial communities was mainly affected by housing factors related to occupants and houseplants, while that of fungal communities was determined by georeferenced environmental factors, particularly vascular plant diversity. Additionally, a great diversity (1.96 on average for Shannon index) and normalized abundance (2.22 copies per bacterial cell on average) of antibiotic resistance genes were detected across the dust samples, with the dominance of genes resistant to vancomycin and Macrolide-Lincosamide-Streptogramin B. The resistome profile exhibited no distinct geographical pattern, and was primarily driven by certain bacterial phyla and occupancy-related factors. Overall, we underline the significance of anthropogenic impacts and house location in structuring bacterial and fungal communities inside homes, respectively, and suggest that household dust is an overlooked reservoir for antibiotic resistance.
The substantial heterogeneity and hierarchical organization in liver cancer support the theory of liver cancer stem cells (LCSCs). However, the relationship between chronic hepatic inflammation and ...LCSC generation remains obscure. Here, we observed a close correlation between aggravated inflammation and liver progenitor cell (LPC) propagation in the cirrhotic liver of rats exposed to diethylnitrosamine. LPCs isolated from the rat cirrhotic liver initiated subcutaneous liver cancers in nonobese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficient mice, suggesting the malignant transformation of LPCs toward LCSCs. Interestingly, depletion of Kupffer cells in vivo attenuated the LCSC properties of transformed LPCs and suppressed cytokeratin 19/Oval cell 6–positive tumor occurrence. Conversely, LPCs cocultured with macrophages exhibited enhanced LCSC properties. We further demonstrated that macrophage‐secreted tumor necrosis factor‐α triggered chromosomal instability in LPCs through the deregulation of ubiquitin D and checkpoint kinase 2 and enhanced the self‐renewal of LPCs through the tumor necrosis factor receptor 1/Src/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 pathway, which synergistically contributed to the conversion of LPCs to LCSCs. Clinical investigation revealed that cytokeratin 19/Oval cell 6–positive liver cancer patients displayed a worse prognosis and exhibited superior response to sorafenib treatment. Conclusion: Our results not only clarify the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the inflammation‐mediated LCSC generation but also provide a molecular classification for the individualized treatment of liver cancer. (Hepatology 2017;66:1934–1951)
Endothelin receptor A (ETAR) promotes tumorigenesis by stimulating cell proliferation, migration, and survival. However, the mechanism of ETAR in promoting tumor growth is largely unknown. In this ...study, we demonstrate that ETAR stimulates colon cell proliferation, migration, and tumorigenesis through the activation of YAP/TAZ, two transcription coactivators of the Hippo tumor suppressor pathway. Endothelin-1 treatment induced YAP/TAZ dephosphorylation, nuclear accumulation, and transcriptional activation in multiple colon cancer cells. ETAR stimulation acted via downstream G-protein Gαq/11 and Rho GTPase to suppress the Hippo pathway, thus leading to YAP/TAZ activation, which was required for ETAR-induced tumorigenesis. Overall, these results indicate a critical role of the YAP/TAZ axis in ETAR signaling.
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