Four randomized controlled trials of large infarct core volume (LICV) included three imaging modalities: non-contrast CT (NCCT)-Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score (ASPECTS), diffusion-weighted ...imaging (DWI)-ASPECTS, and NCCT-ASPECTS combined with CTP (CT perfusion). However, there is no clear consensus on the optimal imaging modality for endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) trials of large core infarcts. The variety and complexity of imaging modalities make it difficult to apply them in clinical practice. By familiarizing ourselves with these imaging modalities, we can better apply them in the clinic and correctly screen patients with large core infarcts in the anterior circulation who can benefit from EVT therapy.
With the advanced development of the intelligent transportation system, vehicular ad hoc networks have been observed as an excellent technology for the development of intelligent traffic management ...in smart cities. Recently, researchers and industries have paid great attention to the smart road-tolling system. However, it is still a challenging task to ensure geographical location privacy of vehicles and prevent improper behavior of drivers at the same time. In this paper, a reliable road-tolling system with trustworthiness evaluation is proposed, which guarantees that vehicle location privacy is secure and prevents malicious vehicles from tolling violations at the same time. Vehicle route privacy information is encrypted and uploaded to nearby roadside units, which then forward it to the traffic control center for tolling. The traffic control center can compare data collected by roadside units and video surveillance cameras to analyze whether malicious vehicles have behaved incorrectly. Moreover, a trustworthiness evaluation is applied to comprehensively evaluate the multiple attributes of the vehicle to prevent improper behavior. Finally, security analysis and experimental simulation results show that the proposed scheme has better robustness compared with existing approaches.
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) often arises in the setting of chronic liver inflammation and may be responsive to novel immunotherapies.
To characterize the immune microenvironment in HCC, IHC ...staining was performed for CD8-positive T lymphocytes, PD-1-positive, and LAG-3-positive lymphocytes, CD163-positive macrophages, and PD-L1 expression in tumor and liver background from 29 cases of resected HCC.
Expression of CD8 was reduced in tumor, and expression of CD163 was reduced at the tumor interface. Positive clusters of PD-L1 expression were identified in 24 of 29 cases (83%), and positive expression of LAG-3 on tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes was identified in 19 of 29 cases (65%). The expression of both PD-L1 and LAG-3 was increased in tumor relative to liver background. No association between viral status or other clinicopathologic features and expression of any of the IHC markers investigated was noted.
LAG-3 and PD-L1, two inhibitory molecules implicated in CD8 T-cell tolerance, are increased in most HCC tumors, providing a basis for investigating combinatorial checkpoint blockade with a LAG-3 and PD-L1 inhibitor in HCC.
.
We performed a survey in the SiO J = 5 → 4 line toward a sample of 199 Galactic massive star-forming regions at different evolutionary stages with the Submillimeter Telescope (SMT) 10 m and Caltech ...Submillimeter Observatory (CSO) 10.4 m telescopes. The sample consists of 44 infrared dark clouds (IRDCs), 86 protostellar candidates, and 69 young H ii regions. We detected SiO J = 5 → 4 line emission in 102 sources, with a detection rate of 57%, 37%, and 65% for IRDCs, protostellar candidates, and young H ii regions, respectively. We find both broad line emissions with full widths at zero power >20 km s−1 and narrow line emissions of SiO in objects at various evolutionary stages, likely associated with high-velocity shocks and low-velocity shocks, respectively. The SiO luminosities do not show apparent differences among various evolutionary stages in our sample. We find no correlation between the SiO abundance and the luminosity-to-mass ratio, indicating that the SiO abundance does not vary significantly in regions at different evolutionary stages of star formation.
Abstract
We report the serendipitous discovery of a giant mid-infrared outburst from a previously unknown source near a star-forming region in the constellation Monoceros. The source gradually ...brightened by a factor of 5 from 2014–2016 before an abrupt rise by a factor of more than 100 in 2017. A total amplitude increase of >500 at 4.5
μ
m has since faded by a factor of about 10. Prior to the outburst, it was only detected at wavelengths longer than 1.8
μ
m in UKIDSS, Spitzer, and Herschel with a spectral energy distribution of a Class I young stellar object (YSO). It has not been detected in recent optical surveys, suggesting that it is deeply embedded. With a minimum distance of 3.5 kpc, the source has a bolometric luminosity of at least 9
L
☉
in the quiescent state and 400
L
☉
at the peak of the eruption. The maximum accretion rate is estimated to be at least a few 10
−5
M
☉
yr
−1
. It shares several common properties with another eruptive event, WISE J142238.82-611553.7: exceptionally large amplitude, featureless near-infrared spectrum with the exception of H
2
lines, intermediate eruption duration, an embedded Class I YSO, and a low radiative temperature (<600–700 K) in outburst. We interpret that the radiation from the inner accretion disk and young star is obscured and reprocessed by either an inflated outer disk or thick dusty outflow on scales >6.5 au during the outburst.
In the direct–chill (DC) casting process, the application of intensive melt shearing has a significant grain refining effect on the ingot. Understanding the variation of the flow field and ...temperature field during the DC casting process under the influence of intensive melt shearing is very important to study the mechanism of grain refinement. In this paper, the COMSOL software was used to simulate the flow field and temperature field in the process of DC castingφ300 mm ingots of 2024 aluminium alloy under different casting conditions. The influence of intensive melt shearing and casting speed on the flow field and temperature field were studied. The results showed that intensive melt shearing can increase the width of two-phase zone, change the morphology of the sump, and significantly enhance the convection of the melt.
This technical note is concerned with a class of partial information control problems for backward doubly stochastic systems. By the method of convex variation and duality technique, one sufficient ...condition (a verification theorem) and one necessary condition for optimality for this type of partial information controls are proved. Then, our theoretical results are applied to study a partial information linear quadratic (LQ) optimal control problem of a backward doubly stochastic system.
Dietary zinc oxide (ZnO) at pharmacological level has been widely used to prevent and treat diarrhea in weaning piglets. Despite its importance for promoting animal health and performance, the ...influence of microbiome profiles in intestinal tracts by ZnO needs to be comprehensively investigated. In this study, we conducted a comparative microbial community analysis in the ileum and colon of piglets fed by either control diet, high ZnO (3,000 mg/kg) supplement or antibiotics (300 mg/kg chlortetracycline and 60 mg/kg colistin sulfate) supplement. Our results showed that both high dietary ZnO and in-feed antibiotics supplementations significantly increased 5 phyla of
, TM7, and reduced 1 phyla of
in ileal digesta. The relative abundance of opportunistic pathogens
were decreased while
were increased in ZnO or antibiotics-supplemented group when compared to the control. In the colon, the phyla
, the genus
, and the species
were drastically increased by high dietary ZnO supplementation when compared with other groups. The microbial functional prediction analysis showed that high dietary ZnO and in-feed antibiotics had a higher abundance of transporter pathway enrichment in the ileum when compared with the control. While in the colon high dietary ZnO had a higher abundant enrichment of methane metabolism involving energy supply when compared with other groups. Both high dietary ZnO and antibiotics increased the microbiota diversity of ileal digesta while they decreased the microbiota diversity of the colonic digesta. Collectively, these results suggested that dietary ZnO and in-feed antibiotics supplementations presented similar effect on ileal microbiota, and mainly affected the non-predominant microbiota.
To get rid of the development dilemma of green credit, we constructed a stochastic evolutionary game model of local government, commercial banks, and loan enterprises. We gave sufficient conditions ...for the stability of strategy based on the stability discriminant theorem of Ito^'s stochastic differential equation (SDE). Then, we discussed the impacts of incentive and penalty parameters on green credit. Through the above analysis, we got the following conclusions: (1) rewards and punishments always benefit green production and green credit, but increasing incentives is not conducive to the governments’ performance of regulatory duties; (2) punishments can better improve the convergence rate of players’ strategy than rewards; and (3) both rewards and punishments can exert an obvious effect in improving the changing degree of players’ strategy. Finally, we put forward some suggestions to optimize the green credit mechanism.
Cu-Al-Cu laminated composite was prepared with cold roll bonding process and annealing was carried out to study the phase evolution during the annealing process and its effect on the mechanical ...properties of the composite. The experimental results showed that after annealing the brittle intermetallics in the interface mainly includes Al
Cu
, AlCu and Al
Cu. With the increase of annealing temperature, the tensile strength of the composite decreases and the elongation shows a different variation which increases at the beginning and then decreases after a critical point. This phenomenon is related to the evolution of intermetallic compounds in the interface of the composite. It was also found that the crack source of the tensile sample is in the interface and delamination appeared at high annealing temperature (450 °C).
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