Abstract
This paper presents the gamma-ray detection performance of the newly developed MAPD-3NM-II type SiPM sensor array (4
$$\times$$
×
4) with
$$\hbox {LaBr}_3$$
LaBr
3
(Ce) scintillator. The ...gamma-ray spectra of various sources have been measured in the energy range from 26 keV up to 1332 keV. The newly developed array based on MAPD-3NM-II sensors proved
$$\sim$$
∼
22% enhancement in energy resolution in comparison to the former MAPD-3NM-I based array. The energy resolution of 662 keV gamma-rays measured by MAPD-3NM-II was 3.3% while clearly surpassing 4.25% resolution of MAPD-3NM-I predecessor. The enhancement is related to the high PDE of the new MAPD-3NM-II. Obtained results show that the new MAPD-3NM-II demonstrated good energy resolution and linearity in the studied energy region. The energy resolution of the new detector developed based on MAPD-3NM-II was better than all previous products of MAPD.
Single Event Effects (SEE), caused generally by single energetic particles, pose an important issue when implementing electronics in a harsh radiation environment. In this work, we present an ...electronic system for measuring SEEs temporally and spatially correlated with Timepix3 detectors. The Timepix detector is a semiconductor pixel detector, which contains 256 x 256 pixels. It provides energy or time information for each hit pixel. Our experimental setup consists of FPGA based board synchronized Timepix readout and a Device Under Test (DUT).
•New concept for SEE detection.•The last generation of Timepix detector used in the telescope setup.•First tests of this concept.•New plugins for the existing software.
The TOTEM collaboration has measured the proton–proton total cross section at
s
=
13
TeV
with a luminosity-independent method. Using dedicated
β
∗
=
90
m
beam optics, the Roman Pots were inserted ...very close to the beam. The inelastic scattering rate has been measured by the T1 and T2 telescopes during the same LHC fill. After applying the optical theorem the total proton–proton cross section is
σ
tot
=
(
110.6
±
3.4
) mb, well in agreement with the extrapolation from lower energies. This method also allows one to derive the luminosity-independent elastic and inelastic cross sections:
σ
el
=
(
31.0
±
1.7
)
mb
and
σ
inel
=
(
79.5
±
1.8
)
mb
.
The TOTEM experiment at the LHC has performed the first measurement at
s
=
13
TeV
of the
ρ
parameter, the real to imaginary ratio of the nuclear elastic scattering amplitude at
t
=
0
, obtaining the ...following results:
ρ
=
0.09
±
0.01
and
ρ
=
0.10
±
0.01
, depending on different physics assumptions and mathematical modelling. The unprecedented precision of the
ρ
measurement, combined with the TOTEM total cross-section measurements in an energy range larger than
10
TeV
(from 2.76 to
13
TeV
), has implied the exclusion of all the models classified and published by COMPETE. The
ρ
results obtained by TOTEM are compatible with the predictions, from other theoretical models both in the Regge-like framework and in the QCD framework, of a crossing-odd colourless 3-gluon compound state exchange in the
t
-channel of the proton–proton elastic scattering. On the contrary, if shown that the crossing-odd 3-gluon compound state
t
-channel exchange is not of importance for the description of elastic scattering, the
ρ
value determined by TOTEM would represent a first evidence of a slowing down of the total cross-section growth at higher energies. The very low-|
t
| reach allowed also to determine the absolute normalisation using the Coulomb amplitude for the first time at the LHC and obtain a new total proton–proton cross-section measurement
σ
tot
=
(
110.3
±
3.5
)
mb
, completely independent from the previous TOTEM determination. Combining the two TOTEM results yields
σ
tot
=
(
110.5
±
2.4
)
mb
.
The present study was undertaken to examine the utility of the Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression (CES-D) scale and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) as screening instruments for primary ...care clinic patients. We examined: 1) patients' willingness to complete the scales; 2) the level of agreement between the screening instruments and DSM-III diagnosis of Major Depressive Episode, based on the NIMH Diagnostic Interview Schedule (DIS); 3) the effect on detection rates of raising the cut-off score for each depression screen; and 4) the factor structure of the CES-D in our primary care sample versus findings from general population studies. The CES-D and BDI performed comparably as depression screening instruments. Both produced too many false positives when standard (low) cut-off scores were applied. However, when straight cut-off scores were used, results suggested that either the CES-D or BDI might assist physicians in reliably detecting depressed patients, without an overload of false positives. Comparison of our findings with those from other studies suggest that depression screening instruments may be particularly helpful with older primary care patients. The CES-D factor analysis highlights the need to look more closely at the relevance of positive affect to the detection, diagnosis, and treatment of depressive disorders in primary care practices.
The new pocket size read-out interface device dedicated for silicon photomultipliers (SiPM) has been designed and developed. While it was designed as a miniaturized and low power device it still ...provides a wide spectrum of functionality necessary for measurements and testing of SiPMs and SiPM based detectors. Full signal processing has been integrated within the device involving variable gain amplification, filtration and digitization. Signal acquisition can be performed with sampling frequency 400 MSa/s at 12 bit resolution or 600 MSa/s at 8 bit resolution while achieving full waveform capture & download rate about 20 000 events per second. The read-out interface is fully powered from the USB bus allowing operation without need of additional power line connection. An integrated bias source can be set in range from 0V to +200V with 12 bit precision. The read-out interface is primarily dedicated for spectroscopy purposes. There are two input signal channels with different optimization regarding the signal gain to cover a low energy range corresponding to single photo-electron detector response as well as to cover a high energy range corresponding to a detector response operated with scintillator registering gamma radiation in order of MeVs. Both input channels are equipped with fine gain adjustment in range from -9 dB to 26 dB with 1 dB step in addition to the fixed gain of each signal channel. The FPGA based design of the read-out interface allowed implementation of advanced triggering functionality like a data driven trigger, external trigger, gating of trigger to extend read-out interface capability even further in a way of complex experiments. A set of functional tests and experiments with SiPM called micropixel avalanche photodiode (MAPD) and MAPD based detectors have been performed to characterize real properties of the read-out interface.
The TOTEM collaboration at the CERN LHC has measured the differential cross-section of elastic proton–proton scattering at
s
=
8
TeV
in the squared four-momentum transfer range
0.2
GeV
2
<
|
t
|
<
...1.9
GeV
2
. This interval includes the structure with a diffractive minimum (“dip”) and a secondary maximum (“bump”) that has also been observed at all other LHC energies, where measurements were made. A detailed characterisation of this structure for
s
=
8
TeV
yields the positions,
|
t
|
dip
=
(
0.521
±
0.007
)
GeV
2
and
|
t
|
bump
=
(
0.695
±
0.026
)
GeV
2
, as well as the cross-section values,
d
σ
/
d
t
dip
=
(
15.1
±
2.5
)
μ
b
/
GeV
2
and
d
σ
/
d
t
bump
=
(
29.7
±
1.8
)
μ
b
/
GeV
2
, for the dip and the bump, respectively.
We report the results of the measurements of three pieces of the new Photonis miniPLANACON microchannel-plate photomultipliers (MCP-PMTs) intended for use in the demanding environment of the Large ...Hadron Collider (LHC) beamline as a part of the AFP Time-of-Flight detector. These photomultipliers were modified in cooperation with the manufacturer by using a custom backend and were subjected to numerous tests, with the focus on the rate capability and crosstalk behaviour. We determined that the two of them with a lower MCP resistance are able to operate without significant saturation at an anode current density of 1μA/cm2. These two are, therefore, suitable for the intended use and are currently installed as part of the AFP detector packages.
Abstract
The TOTEM collaboration at the CERN LHC has measured the differential cross-section of elastic proton–proton scattering at
$$\sqrt{s} = 8\,\mathrm{TeV}$$
s
=
8
TeV
in the squared ...four-momentum transfer range
$$0.2\,\mathrm{GeV^{2}}< |t| < 1.9\,\mathrm{GeV^{2}}$$
0.2
GeV
2
<
|
t
|
<
1.9
GeV
2
. This interval includes the structure with a diffractive minimum (“dip”) and a secondary maximum (“bump”) that has also been observed at all other LHC energies, where measurements were made. A detailed characterisation of this structure for
$$\sqrt{s} = 8\,\mathrm{TeV}$$
s
=
8
TeV
yields the positions,
$$|t|_{\mathrm{dip}} = (0.521 \pm 0.007)\,\mathrm{GeV^2}$$
|
t
|
dip
=
(
0.521
±
0.007
)
GeV
2
and
$$|t|_{\mathrm{bump}} = (0.695 \pm 0.026)\,\mathrm{GeV^2}$$
|
t
|
bump
=
(
0.695
±
0.026
)
GeV
2
, as well as the cross-section values,
$$\left. {\mathrm{d}\sigma /\mathrm{d}t}\right| _{\mathrm{dip}} = (15.1 \pm 2.5)\,\mathrm{{\mu b/GeV^2}}$$
d
σ
/
d
t
dip
=
(
15.1
±
2.5
)
μ
b
/
GeV
2
and
$$\left. {\mathrm{d}\sigma /\mathrm{d}t}\right| _{\mathrm{bump}} = (29.7 \pm 1.8)\,\mathrm{{\mu b/GeV^2}}$$
d
σ
/
d
t
bump
=
(
29.7
±
1.8
)
μ
b
/
GeV
2
, for the dip and the bump, respectively.
Abstract The TOTEM collaboration at the CERN LHC has measured the differential cross-section of elastic proton–proton scattering at $$\sqrt{s} = 8\,\mathrm{TeV}$$ s = 8 TeV in the squared ...four-momentum transfer range $$0.2\,\mathrm{GeV^{2}}< |t| < 1.9\,\mathrm{GeV^{2}}$$ 0.2 GeV 2 < | t | < 1.9 GeV 2 . This interval includes the structure with a diffractive minimum (“dip”) and a secondary maximum (“bump”) that has also been observed at all other LHC energies, where measurements were made. A detailed characterisation of this structure for $$\sqrt{s} = 8\,\mathrm{TeV}$$ s = 8 TeV yields the positions, $$|t|_{\mathrm{dip}} = (0.521 \pm 0.007)\,\mathrm{GeV^2}$$ | t | dip = ( 0.521 ± 0.007 ) GeV 2 and $$|t|_{\mathrm{bump}} = (0.695 \pm 0.026)\,\mathrm{GeV^2}$$ | t | bump = ( 0.695 ± 0.026 ) GeV 2 , as well as the cross-section values, $$\left. {\mathrm{d}\sigma /\mathrm{d}t}\right| _{\mathrm{dip}} = (15.1 \pm 2.5)\,\mathrm{{\mu b/GeV^2}}$$ d σ / d t dip = ( 15.1 ± 2.5 ) μ b / GeV 2 and $$\left. {\mathrm{d}\sigma /\mathrm{d}t}\right| _{\mathrm{bump}} = (29.7 \pm 1.8)\,\mathrm{{\mu b/GeV^2}}$$ d σ / d t bump = ( 29.7 ± 1.8 ) μ b / GeV 2 , for the dip and the bump, respectively.
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