To explore the feasibility and application value of intraoperative direct immunohistochemical (IHC) staining in improving the diagnosis accuracy in difficult cases of bronchiolar adenoma (BA).
...Nineteen cases with single or multiple pulmonary ground-glass nodules or solid nodules indicated by imaging in Cancer Hospital of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences from January to July 2021 and with difficulty in differential diagnosis at frozen HE sections were selected. In the experimental group, direct IHC staining of cytokeratin 5/6 (CK5/6) and p63 was performed on frozen sections to assist the differentiation of BA from in situ/micro-invasive adenocarcinoma/adenocarcinoma/invasive mucinous adenocarcinoma. In the control group, two pathologists performed routine frozen HE section diagnosis on these 19 cases. The diagnostic results of paraffin sections were used as the gold standard. The sensitivity and specificity of BA diagnosis, consistency with paraffin diagnosis and time used for frozen diagnosis were compared
Micrometer-sized dual nanocomposite polymer microspheres with tunable pore structures were fabricated using a simple and straightforward method based on Pickering double emulsions. First, a primary ...water-in-styrene (oil) emulsion (w1/o) was prepared using the hydrophobic silica nanoparticles as a particulate emulsifier without any molecular surfactants. Then, a water-in-styrene-in-water (w1/o/w2) Pickering emulsion was produced by the emulsification of the primary w1/o emulsion into water using Fe3O4 nanoparticles as external emulsifier. The big styrene droplets containing small water droplets were polymerized after the formation of the double emulsions. Nanocomposite polystyrene microspheres with a multihollow structure were obtained and their morphological structures were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The pore structure of the microspheres could be tuned by the volume ratio of the internal water phase to the medium oil phase (w1:o) of the primary emulsions. With increasing w1:o from 1:8 to 4:1, the amount of the pores in one microsphere increased gradually and the pore structures changed from close to interconnected. The resulting multihollow microspheres had a responsive ability to magnetic stimulus due to the existence of Fe3O4 nanoparticles. This kind of multihollow hybrid polymer microspheres is expected to have a wide potential application in materials science and biotechnology.
Ring chromosomes (RCs) are a structural aberration that can be tolerated better in acrocentric or gonosomal chromosomes. Complete RCs arise from telomere‐telomere fusions. Alternatively, genomic ...imbalances corresponding to the ends of the chromosomal arms can be seen with RC formation. RCs are unstable in mitosis, result in mosaicism, and are associated with a “ring syndrome,” which presents with growth and development phenotypes and differs from those features more frequently observed with pure terminal copy number changes. Due to variability in mosaicism, size, and genomic content, clear genotype–phenotype correlations may not always be possible. Given the rarity of RCs, this historical data is invaluable. We performed a retrospective review of individuals bearing RCs to investigate the incidence in our laboratory. This work details the methods and features seen in association with twenty‐three autosomal RCs. In decreasing order, the most frequently seen autosomal RCs were 18, 22, 4, 13, 17, and 9. The additional cases detail clinical and cytogenomic events similar to those reported in RCs. As methodologies advance, insights may be gleaned from following up on these cases to improve genotype–phenotype correlations and understand the cryptic differences or other predisposing factors that lead to ring formation and development.
To evaluate the value of color Doppler ultrasound and digital subtraction angiography (DSA) in evaluating the level of carotid bifurcation and the morphology of extracranial internal carotid artery ...in patients with atherosclerotic carotid stenosis.
The carotid artery examination data of 186 patients with atherosclerotic carotid stenosis who underwent carotid DSA and color Doppler ultrasound in Shanghai Changzheng Hospital from July 2017 to June 2019 were retrospectively analyzed, including 154 males and 32 females, with ages ranging from 36 to 84 (66±8) years old. The correlation between the position of carotid bifurcation and the level of cervical spine, the distance from the position of carotid bifurcation to mandibular angle, the correlation of the level of bifurcation with the length of neck, and the incidence of carotid distortion were analyzed.
DSA showed that the most common position of carotid bifurcation was at C3 level on the left 37.3% (56/150), and at C3-C4 level on the right 33.6% (42/125), a
Carbon nanostructures filled with Fe were synthesized. It was found that both the shape and the phase of the carbon nanocapsulate may be controlled during the growth, and controlled ferrous ...amorphous–crystalline phase transformation may be realized via electron beam irradiation. Since an electron beam may be focused into a nanoscale probe, this method may in principle be used for fabricating amorphous–crystalline heterostructures inside carbon nanotubes.
The transmission of methicillin-resistant
(MRSA) and methicillin-susceptible
(MSSA) are great public health concern worldwide. To better understand
evolution and dissemination, we compared the ...molecular features of MSSA and MRSA isolates.
In this study, 74 MSSA and 102 MRSA non-duplicate isolates were recovered from clinical samples between 2016 and 2020. Molecular epidemiology, antimicrobial resistance determinants, and virulence gene profiles were carried out by whole-genome sequencing (WGS).
Twenty distinct sequence types were identified in MRSA isolates, with the most common being ST59, ST630, and ST338. The major genotypes of MSSA were ST188 and ST7. The toxin genes
, and
were significantly associated with MRSA, while
, and
were detected more frequently in MSSA isolates than MRSA (P < 0.05). The
positive isolates were more commonly identified in CC1 and CC72, whereas
was mainly found in the CC7, CC15, CC88, and completely absent in CC59 clones.
Our results compared the genetic diversity between MRSA and MSSA strains, suggesting efforts to fight infections caused by MSSA need to be intensified due to MSSA isolates carrying wide range of virulence factors. Comparative epidemiological studies of large populations of MSSA and MRSA will be necessary in the future to understand how MSSA and MRSA populations may co-evolve and interact in the future.
The oxidation of five Pt-group metalsplatinum, palladium, iridium, rhodium, and rutheniumis examined by means of surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) in aqueous electrochemical and gaseous ...dioxygen environments as a function of electrode potential and temperature, respectively, with the objective of intercomparing systematically the conditions required for surface oxide formation and discerning the reaction mechanisms involved. The SERS strategy, utilizing ultrathin Pt-group metal films electrodeposited on a gold substrate, enables monolayer-level metal oxide vibrational spectra to readily be obtained in both the electrochemical and gaseous environments. The SER spectra obtained during positive- and then negative-going potential excursions in aqueous 0.1 M HClO4 display metal−oxygen vibrational bands signaling anodic oxide formation and subsequent removal at potentials consistent with corresponding voltammetric data. The nature of the amorphous oxides (or hydroxides) formed is deduced by comparison with bulk-phase metal oxide Raman spectra. The onset potentials for surface oxide formation are comparable to the thermodynamic potentials for the bulk-phase metal oxides. In contrast, the onset of surface oxidation even in ambient-pressure dioxygen uniformly requires elevated temperatures, ≥200 °C for each metal except for iridium, where oxide formation occurs at ca. 100 °C. While spectral differences are evident, especially on palladium and ruthenium, the nature of the oxides formed in the electrochemical and gaseous systems is largely similar. The highly activated nature of the gaseous O2 oxidations is consistent with literature reports for Pt-group surfaces in ultrahigh vacuum as well as higher-pressure conditions. Likely reasons for the markedly more efficacious metal electrooxidations are discussed. Thermodynamic factors are not responsible, since the free-energy driving forces for the gaseous O2 oxidations are larger than for the electrochemical reactions at the applied potentials where surface oxidation for the latter processes proceeds at room temperature. The electrostatic driving forces for oxygen incorporation into the metal lattice (via “high-field ion transport”) are also typically more favorable for the gaseous systems, as evidenced by a comparison of the metal−solution and metal−gas surface potentials. The intrinsically more facile electrochemical processes thereby deduced are attributed to the occurrence of direct oxide production via a metal−oxygen place-exchange mechanism, expedited by interfacial solvation and therefore being energetically unfavorable in the anhydrous gas-phase environment. Other factors, such as the formation of precursor chemisorbed oxygen, are also considered.
